Sense and sensibility: flagellum-mediated gene regulation

Trends in Microbiology

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 30-37

  Anderson, Jennifer K ^a   Smith, Todd G ^a   Hoover, Timothy R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; FLAGELLIN; HOOK LENGTH CONTROL PROTEIN; PROTEIN FLHB; SIGMA FACTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BACTERIAL FLAGELLUM; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION; BIOFILM; CAULOBACTER CRESCENTUS; CELL FUNCTION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE FUNCTION; GENETIC REGULATION; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEOBACTERIA; REVIEW; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SENSITIVITY AND SENSIBILITY; SYMBIOSIS;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; CAULOBACTER CRESCENTUS; EPSILONPROTEOBACTERIA; FLAGELLA; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SIGMA FACTOR;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM;

EID: 72949124219     PISSN: 0966842X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2009.11.001     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Apel D., and Surette M.G. Bringing order to a complex molecular machine: the assembly of the bacterial flagella. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1778 (2008) 1851-1858
2. Guerry P. Campylobacter flagella: not just for motility. Trends Microbiol. 15 (2007) 456-461
3. Mahajan A., et al. An investigation of the expression and adhesin function of H7 flagella in the interaction of Escherichia coli O157: H7 with bovine intestinal epithelium. Cell. Microbiol. 11 (2009) 121-137
4. Millikan D.S., and Ruby E.G. Vibrio fischeri flagellin A is essential for normal motility and for symbiotic competence during initial squid light organ colonization. J. Bacteriol. 186 (2004) 4315-4325
5. Rodriguez-Navarro D.N., et al. Attachment of bacteria to the roots of higher plants. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 272 (2007) 127-136
6. Roy K., et al. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli EtpA mediates adhesion between flagella and host cells. Nature 457 (2009) 594-598
7. Konkel M.E., et al. Secretion of virulence proteins from Campylobacter jejuni is dependent on a functional flagellar export apparatus. J. Bacteriol. 186 (2004) 3296-3303
8. Poly F., et al. Heterogeneity of a Campylobacter jejuni protein that is secreted through the flagellar filament. Infect. Immun. 75 (2007) 3859-3867
9. Song Y.C., et al. FlaC, a protein of Campylobacter jejuni TGH9011 (ATCC43431) secreted through the flagellar apparatus, binds epithelial cells and influences cell invasion. Mol. Microbiol. 53 (2004) 541-553
10. Maezawa K., et al. Hundreds of flagellar basal bodies cover the cell surface of the endosymbiotic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola sp. strain APS. J. Bacteriol. 188 (2006) 6539-6543
11. Shigenobu S., et al. Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp. APS. Nature 407 (2000) 81-86
12. Toft C., and Fares M.A. The evolution of the flagellar assembly pathway in endosymbiotic bacterial genomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (2008) 2069-2076
13. Kirov S.M., et al. Aeromonas flagella (polar and lateral) are enterocyte adhesins that contribute to biofilm formation on surfaces. Infect. Immun. 72 (2004) 1939-1945
14. Pratt L.A., and Kolter R. Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm formation: roles of flagella, motility, chemotaxis and type I pili. Mol. Microbiol. 30 (1998) 285-293
15. Blair K.M., et al. A molecular clutch disables flagella in the Bacillus subtilis biofilm. Science 320 (2008) 1636-1638
16. Van Dellen K.L., et al. Genetic analysis of Vibrio cholerae monolayer formation reveals a key role for ΔΨ in the transition to permanent attachment. J. Bacteriol. 190 (2008) 8185-8196
17. Shimoyama T., et al. Flagellum mediates symbiosis. Science 323 (2009) 1574
18. Chevance F.F., and Hughes K.T. Coordinating assembly of a bacterial macromolecular machine. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6 (2008) 455-465
19. McCarter L.L. Regulation of flagella. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 9 (2006) 180-186
20. Smith T.G., and Hoover T.R. Deciphering bacterial flagellar gene regulatory networks in the genomic era. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 67 (2009) 257-295
21. Kutsukake K., et al. Transcriptional analysis of the flagellar regulon of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 172 (1990) 741-747
22. Liu X., and Matsumura P. The FlhD/FlhC complex, a transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli flagellar class II operons. J. Bacteriol. 176 (1994) 7345-7351
23. Pruss B.M., et al. FlhD/FlhC-regulated promoters analyzed by gene array and lacZ gene fusions. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 197 (2001) 91-97
24. Ohnishi K., et al. Gene fliA encodes an alternative sigma factor specific for flagellar operons in Salmonella typhimurium. Mol. Gen. Genet. 221 (1990) 139-147
25. F. Mol. Microbiol. 6 (1992) 3149-3157
26. Hughes K.T., et al. Sensing structural intermediates in bacterial flagellar assembly by export of a negative regulator. Science 262 (1993) 1277-1280
27. Waters R.C., et al. The FliK protein and flagellar hook-length control. Protein Sci. 16 (2007) 769-780
28. Minamino T., et al. Mechanisms of type III protein export for bacterial flagellar assembly. Mol. Biosyst. 4 (2008) 1105-1115
29. Minamino T., et al. Molecular characterization of the Salmonella typhimurium flhB operon and its protein products. J. Bacteriol. 176 (1994) 7630-7637
30. Ferris H.U., et al. FlhB regulates ordered export of flagellar components via autocleavage mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 41236-41242
31. Minamino T., and Macnab R.M. Domain structure of Salmonella FlhB, a flagellar export component responsible for substrate specificity switching. J. Bacteriol. 182 (2000) 4906-4919
32. Deane J.E., et al. Crystal structure of Spa40, the specificity switch for the Shigella flexneri type III secretion system. Mol. Microbiol. 69 (2008) 267-276
33. Lountos G.T., et al. Atomic resolution structure of the cytoplasmic domain of Yersinia pestis YscU, a regulatory switch involved in type III secretion. Protein Sci. 18 (2009) 467-474
34. Zarivach R., et al. Structural analysis of the essential self-cleaving type III secretion proteins EscU and SpaS. Nature 453 (2008) 124-127
35. Fraser G.M., et al. Substrate specificity of type III flagellar proein export in Salmonella is controlled by subdomain interactions in FlhB. Mol. Microbiol. 48 (2003) 1043-1057
36. Kutsukake K. Hook-length control of the export-switching machinery involves a double-locked gate in Salmonella typhimurium flagellar morphogenesis. J. Bacteriol. 179 (1997) 1268-1273
37. Kutsukake K., et al. Isolation and characterization of FliK-independent flagellation mutants from Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 176 (1994) 7625-7629
38. Williams A.W., et al. Mutations in fliK and flhB affecting flagellar hook and filament assembly in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 178 (1996) 2960-2970
39. Journet L., et al. The needle length of bacterial injectisomes is determined by a molecular ruler. Science 302 (2003) 1757-1760
40. Moriya N., et al. The type III flagellar export specificity switch is dependent on FliK ruler and a molecular clock. J. Mol. Biol. 359 (2006) 466-477
41. Shibata S., et al. FliK regulates flagellar hook length as an internal ruler. Mol. Microbiol. 64 (2007) 1404-1415
42. Wagner S., et al. The helical content of the YscP molecular ruler determines the length of the Yersinia injectisome. Mol. Microbiol. 71 (2009) 692-701
43. Minamino T., et al. Domain organization and function of Salmonella FliK, a flagellar hook-length control protein. J. Mol. Biol. 341 (2004) 491-502
44. Minamino T., et al. Two parts of the T3S4 domain of the hook-length control protein FliK are essential for the substrate specificity switching of the flagellar type III export apparatus. J. Mol. Biol. 362 (2006) 1148-1158
45. Agrain C., et al. Characterization of a Type III secretion substrate specificity switch (T3S4) domain in YscP from Yersinia enterocolitica. Mol. Microbiol. 56 (2005) 54-67
46. Minamino T., et al. FliK, the protein responsible for flagellar hook length control in Salmonella, is exported during hook assembly. Mol. Microbiol. 34 (1999) 295-304
47. I) and activates sigma-54 dependent flagellar gene promoters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (1990) 2369-2373
48. Wingrove J.A., et al. Spatial and temporal phosphorylation of a transcriptional activator regulates pole-specific gene expression in Caulobacter. Genes Dev. 7 (1993) 1979-1992
49. 54-dependent fla gene promoters. J. Bacteriol. 177 (1995) 3241-3250
50. Mohr C.D., et al. A membrane-associated protein, FliX, is required for an early step in Caulobacter flagellar assembly. J. Bacteriol. 180 (1998) 2175-2185
51. Muir R.E., and Gober J.W. Regulation of FlbD activity by flagellum assembly is accomplished through direct interaction with the trans-acting factor. FliX. Mol. Microbiol. 54 (2004) 715-730
52. Muir R.E., et al. The Caulobacter crescentus flagellar gene, fliX, encodes a novel trans-acting factor that couples flagellar assembly to transcription. Mol. Microbiol. 39 (2001) 1623-1637
53. Dutton R.J., et al. Linking structural assembly to gene expression: a novel mechanism for regulating the activity of a sigma54 transcription factor. Mol. Microbiol. 58 (2005) 743-757
54. Muir R.E., et al. The trans-acting flagellar regulatory proteins, FliX and FlbD, play a central role in linking flagellar biogenesis and cytokinesis in Caulobacter crescentus. Microbiology 151 (2005) 3699-3711
55. Anderson P.E., and Gober J.W. FlbT, the post-transcriptional regulator of flagellin synthesis in Caulobacter crescentus, interacts with the 5' untranslated region of flagellin mRNA. Mol. Microbiol. 38 (2000) 41-52
56. Llewellyn M., et al. The conserved flaF gene has a critical role in coupling flagellin translation and assembly in Caulobacter crescentus. Mol Microbiol 57 (2005) 1127-1142
57. Hendrixson D.R., and DiRita V.J. Transcription of sigma54-dependent but not sigma28-dependent flagellar genes in Campylobacter jejuni is associated with formation of the flagellum secretory apparatus. Mol. Microbiol. 50 (2003) 687-702
58. Niehus E., et al. Genome-wide analysis of transcriptional hierarchy and feedback regulation in the flagellar system of Helicobacter pylori. Mol. Microbiol. 52 (2004) 947-961
59. Smith T.G., et al. Helicobacter pylori FlhB processing-deficient variants affect flagellar assembly but not flagellar gene expression. Microbiology 155 (2009) 1170-1180
60. Joslin S.N., and Hendrixson D.R. Activation of the Campylobacter jejuni FlgSR two-component system is linked to the flagellar export apparatus. J. Bacteriol. 191 (2009) 2656-2667
61. Kamal N., et al. Deletion of a previously uncharacterized flagellar-hook-length control gene fliK modulates the sigma54-dependent regulon in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiology 153 (2007) 3099-3111
62. Ryan K.A., et al. Helicobacter pylori flagellar hook-filament transition is controlled by a FliK functional homolog encoded by the gene HP0906. J. Bacteriol. 187 (2005) 5742-5750
63. Wang Q., et al. Sensing wetness: a new role for the bacterial flagellum. EMBO J. 24 (2005) 2034-2042
64. Mariconda S., et al. A mechanical role for the chemotaxis system in swarming motility. Mol. Microbiol. 60 (2006) 1590-1602
65. Merino S., et al. Bacterial lateral flagella: an inducible flagella system. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 263 (2006) 127-135
66. Rather P.N. Swarmer cell differentiation in Proteus mirabilis. Environ. Microbiol. 7 (2005) 1065-1073
67. Belas R., and Suvanasuthi R. The ability of Proteus mirabilis to sense surfaces and regulate virulence gene expression involves FliL, a flagellar basal body protein. J. Bacteriol. 187 (2005) 6789-6803
68. Schoenhals G.J., and Macnab R.M. FliL is a membrane-associated component of the flagellar basal body of Salmonella. Microbiology 145 (1999) 1769-1775
69. Jenal U., et al. Caulobacter flagellar function, but not assembly, requires FliL, a non-polarly localized membrane protein present in all cell types. J. Mol. Biol. 243 (1994) 227-244
70. Attmannspacher U., et al. FliL is essential for swarming: motor rotation in absence of FliL fractures the flagellar rod in swarmer cells of Salmonella enterica. Mol. Microbiol. 68 (2008) 328-341
71. Dufour A., et al. Novel genes that upregulate the Proteus mirabilis flhDC master operon controlling flagellar biogenesis and swarming. Mol. Microbiol. 29 (1998) 741-751
72. Furness R.B., et al. Negative feedback from a Proteus class II flagellum export defect to the flhDC master operon controlling cell division and flagellum assembly. J. Bacteriol. 179 (1997) 5585-5588
73. Hatt J.K., and Rather P.N. Characterization of a novel gene, wosA, regulating FlhDC expression in Proteus mirabilis. J. Bacteriol. 190 (2008) 1946-1955
74. Atsumi T., et al. Polar and lateral flagellar motors of marine Vibrio are driven by different ion-motive forces. Nature 355 (1992) 182-184
75. Belas R., et al. Regulation of lateral flagella gene transcription in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Bacteriol. 167 (1986) 210-218
76. Kawagishi I., et al. The sodium-driven polar flagellar motor of marine Vibrio as the mechanosensor that regulates lateral flagellar expression. Mol. Microbiol. 20 (1996) 693-699
77. McCarter L., et al. Flagellar dynamometer controls swarmer cell differentiation of V. parahaemolyticus. Cell 54 (1988) 345-351
78. Boles B.R., and McCarter L.L. Insertional inactivation of genes encoding components of the sodium-type flagellar motor and switch of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Bacteriol. 182 (2000) 1035-1045
79. Stewart B.J., and McCarter L.L. Lateral flagellar gene system of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Bacteriol. 185 (2003) 4508-4518
80. Ferreira R.B., et al. Vibrio parahaemolyticus ScrC modulates cyclic dimeric GMP regulation of gene expression relevant to growth on surfaces. J. Bacteriol. 190 (2008) 851-860
81. McCarter L., and Silverman M. Iron regulation of swarmer cell differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Bacteriol. 171 (1989) 731-736
82. Alexandre G., et al. A phase variant of Azospirillum lipoferum lacks a polar flagellum and constitutively expresses mechanosensing lateral flagella. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 (1999) 4701-4704
83. Schink B. Energetics of syntrophic cooperation in methanogenic degradation. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61 (1997) 262-280
84. Ishii S., et al. Coaggregation facilitates interspecies hydrogen transfer between Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum and Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (2005) 7838-7845
85. CC domain is deleted. J. Bacteriol. 188 (2006) 7531-7541
86. Canals R., et al. Analysis of the lateral flagellar gene system of Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3. J. Bacteriol. 188 (2006) 852-862
87. Jiang Z.Y., et al. Isolation of Rhodospirillum centenum mutants defective in phototactic colony motility by transposon mutagenesis. J. Bacteriol. 180 (1998) 1248-1255
88. Kim Y.K., and McCarter L.L. ScrG, a GGDEF-EAL protein, participates in regulating swarming and sticking in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Bacteriol. 189 (2007) 4094-4107
89. Sudarsan N., et al. Riboswitches in eubacteria sense the second messenger cyclic di-GMP. Science 321 (2008) 411-413