메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 15-24

The effects of smoking on selective attention as measured by startle reflex, skin conductance, and heart rate responses to auditory startle stimuli

Author keywords

Cognition; Electrodermal; Heart rate; Normal volunteers; Pharmacology; Startle blink

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTICS; ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY STIMULATION; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSE; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LOUDNESS; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; STARTLE REFLEX; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 72549091055     PISSN: 00485772     EISSN: 14698986     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00882.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0028225025 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine increases sensory gating measured as inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in rats
    • Acri, J. B., Morse, D. E., Popke, E. Grunberg, N. E. (1994). Nicotine increases sensory gating measured as inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in rats. Psychopharmacology, 114, 369 374.
    • (1994) Psychopharmacology , vol.114 , pp. 369-374
    • Acri, J.B.1    Morse, D.E.2    Popke, E.3    Grunberg, N.E.4
  • 2
    • 0017390096 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoking on incidental memory
    • Andersson, K. Hockey, G. (1977). Effects of cigarette smoking on incidental memory. Psychopharmacology, 52, 223 226.
    • (1977) Psychopharmacology , vol.52 , pp. 223-226
    • Andersson, K.1    Hockey, G.2
  • 3
    • 0022385239 scopus 로고
    • Blink reflex modification by selective attention: Evidence for the modulation of "automatic" processing
    • Anthony, B. J. Graham, F. K. (1985). Blink reflex modification by selective attention: Evidence for the modulation of "automatic" processing. Biological Psychology, 21, 43 59.
    • (1985) Biological Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 43-59
    • Anthony, B.J.1    Graham, F.K.2
  • 4
    • 0001351156 scopus 로고
    • Off-line latency and amplitude scoring of the human reflex eye blink with Fortran IV
    • Balaban, M. T., Losito, B. D. G., Simons, R. F. Graham, F. K. (1986). Off-line latency and amplitude scoring of the human reflex eye blink with Fortran IV. Psychophysiology, 23, 612.
    • (1986) Psychophysiology , vol.23 , pp. 612
    • Balaban, M.T.1    Losito, B.D.G.2    Simons, R.F.3    Graham, F.K.4
  • 5
    • 43049134421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of nicotine on the attentional modification of the acoustic startle response in nonsmokers
    • Baschnagel, J. S. Hawk, L. W. (2008). The effects of nicotine on the attentional modification of the acoustic startle response in nonsmokers. Psychopharmacology, 198, 93 101.
    • (2008) Psychopharmacology , vol.198 , pp. 93-101
    • Baschnagel, J.S.1    Hawk, L.W.2
  • 6
    • 33644874197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopathy, startle blink modulation, and electrodermal reactivity in twin men
    • Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J. Iacono, W. G. (2005). Psychopathy, startle blink modulation, and electrodermal reactivity in twin men. Psychophysiology, 42, 753 762.
    • (2005) Psychophysiology , vol.42 , pp. 753-762
    • Benning, S.D.1    Patrick, C.J.2    Iacono, W.G.3
  • 7
    • 0027476650 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine and cotinine elimination pharmacokinetics in smokers and nonsmokers
    • Benowitz, N. L. Jacob, P. 3rd. (1993). Nicotine and cotinine elimination pharmacokinetics in smokers and nonsmokers. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 53, 316 323.
    • (1993) Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics , vol.53 , pp. 316-323
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob III, P.2
  • 8
    • 0038573556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraversion, attention, and startle response reactivity
    • Blumenthal, T. D. (2001). Extraversion, attention, and startle response reactivity. Personality & Individual Differences, 31, 495 503.
    • (2001) Personality & Individual Differences , vol.31 , pp. 495-503
    • Blumenthal, T.D.1
  • 9
    • 1942440418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of several methods used to quantify prepulse inhibition of eyeblink responding
    • Blumenthal, T. D., Elden, A. Flaten, M. A. (2004). A comparison of several methods used to quantify prepulse inhibition of eyeblink responding. Psychophysiology, 41, 326 332.
    • (2004) Psychophysiology , vol.41 , pp. 326-332
    • Blumenthal, T.D.1    Elden, A.2    Flaten, M.A.3
  • 10
    • 0021278714 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoking on bilateral skin conductance
    • Boyd, G. M. Maltzman, I. (1984). Effects of cigarette smoking on bilateral skin conductance. Psychophysiology, 21, 334 341.
    • (1984) Psychophysiology , vol.21 , pp. 334-341
    • Boyd, G.M.1    Maltzman, I.2
  • 13
    • 0001613265 scopus 로고
    • Stimulus control and data acquisition of IBM PC's and compatibles
    • Cook, E. W., Atkinson, L. Lang, K. G. (1987). Stimulus control and data acquisition of IBM PC's and compatibles. Psychophysiology, 24, 726 727.
    • (1987) Psychophysiology , vol.24 , pp. 726-727
    • Cook, E.W.1    Atkinson, L.2    Lang, K.G.3
  • 14
    • 0024078314 scopus 로고
    • Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selective attention, and their mutual constraints within the human information-processing system
    • Cowan, N. (1988). Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selective attention, and their mutual constraints within the human information-processing system. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 163 191.
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.104 , pp. 163-191
    • Cowan, N.1
  • 15
    • 0028114988 scopus 로고
    • Effect of nicotine, lobeline, and mecamylamine on sensory gating in the rat
    • Curzon, P., Kim, D. J. Decker, M. W. (1994). Effect of nicotine, lobeline, and mecamylamine on sensory gating in the rat. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 49, 877 882.
    • (1994) Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior , vol.49 , pp. 877-882
    • Curzon, P.1    Kim, D.J.2    Decker, M.W.3
  • 17
    • 0001953938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The electrodermal system
    • J. T. Cacioppo. L. G. Tassinary. G. G. Berntson. (Eds.). (2nd ed.) New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M. Filion, D. L. (2000). The electrodermal system. In J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary G. G. Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (2nd ed, pp. 200 223). New York : Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of Psychophysiology , pp. 200-223
    • Dawson, M.E.1    Schell, A.M.2    Filion, D.L.3
  • 18
    • 0031745617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of smoking on acoustic prepulse inhibition in healthy men and women
    • Della Casa, V., Hoefer, I., Weiner, I. Feldon, J. (1998). The effects of smoking on acoustic prepulse inhibition in healthy men and women. Psychopharmacology, 137, 362 368.
    • (1998) Psychopharmacology , vol.137 , pp. 362-368
    • Della Casa, V.1    Hoefer, I.2    Weiner, I.3    Feldon, J.4
  • 19
    • 0036094635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco smoking increases gating of irrelevant and enhances attention to relevant tones
    • Domino, E. F. Kishimoto, T. (2002). Tobacco smoking increases gating of irrelevant and enhances attention to relevant tones. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 4, 71 78.
    • (2002) Nicotine & Tobacco Research , vol.4 , pp. 71-78
    • Domino, E.F.1    Kishimoto, T.2
  • 23
    • 0031962144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychological significance of human startle eyeblink modification: A review
    • Filion, D. L., Dawson, M. E. Schell, A. M. (1998). The psychological significance of human startle eyeblink modification: A review. Biological Psychology, 47, 1 43.
    • (1998) Biological Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 1-43
    • Filion, D.L.1    Dawson, M.E.2    Schell, A.M.3
  • 24
    • 0016330730 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco smoking and a "stimulus barrier."
    • Friedman, J., Horvath, T. Meares, R. (1974). Tobacco smoking and a "stimulus barrier." Nature, 248, 455 456.
    • (1974) Nature , vol.248 , pp. 455-456
    • Friedman, J.1    Horvath, T.2    Meares, R.3
  • 25
    • 0020510657 scopus 로고
    • The skin conductance orienting response as an index of attention
    • Frith, C. D. Allen, H. A. (1983). The skin conductance orienting response as an index of attention. Biological Psychology, 17, 27 39.
    • (1983) Biological Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 27-39
    • Frith, C.D.1    Allen, H.A.2
  • 26
    • 38249029987 scopus 로고
    • EEG and personality differences between smokers and nonsmokers
    • Gilbert, D. G. (1988). EEG and personality differences between smokers and nonsmokers. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 659 665.
    • (1988) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.9 , pp. 659-665
    • Gilbert, D.G.1
  • 27
    • 0019956032 scopus 로고
    • Arousing and de-arousing effects of cigarette smoking under conditions of stress and mild sensory isolation
    • Golding, J. F. Mangan, G. L. (1982a). Arousing and de-arousing effects of cigarette smoking under conditions of stress and mild sensory isolation. Psychophysiology, 19, 449 456.
    • (1982) Psychophysiology , vol.19 , pp. 449-456
    • Golding, J.F.1    Mangan, G.L.2
  • 28
    • 84907117008 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoking on measures of arousal, response suppression, and excitation/inhibition balance
    • Golding, J. F. Mangan, G. L. (1982b). Effects of cigarette smoking on measures of arousal, response suppression, and excitation/inhibition balance. International Journal of the Addictions, 17, 793 804.
    • (1982) International Journal of the Addictions , vol.17 , pp. 793-804
    • Golding, J.F.1    Mangan, G.L.2
  • 29
    • 0001381161 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing among orienting, defense, and startle reflexes
    • H. D. Kimmel. E. H. van Olst. J. F. Orlebeke. (Eds.) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Graham, F. K. (1979). Distinguishing among orienting, defense, and startle reflexes. In H. D. Kimmel, E. H. van Olst J. F. Orlebeke (Eds.), The orienting reflex in humans (pp. 137 167). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
    • (1979) The Orienting Reflex in Humans , pp. 137-167
    • Graham, F.K.1
  • 30
    • 65249096056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on verbal and visuospatial working memory capacity
    • Greenstein, J. E. Kassel, J. D. (2009). The effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on verbal and visuospatial working memory capacity. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17, 78 90.
    • (2009) Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology , vol.17 , pp. 78-90
    • Greenstein, J.E.1    Kassel, J.D.2
  • 31
    • 0027503246 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference
    • Gross, T. M., Jarvik, M. E. Rosenblatt, M. R. (1993). Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference. Psychopharmacology, 110, 333 336.
    • (1993) Psychopharmacology , vol.110 , pp. 333-336
    • Gross, T.M.1    Jarvik, M.E.2    Rosenblatt, M.R.3
  • 32
    • 0021060457 scopus 로고
    • Early selective attention effects on cutaneous and acoustic blink reflexes
    • Hackley, S. A. Graham, F. K. (1983). Early selective attention effects on cutaneous and acoustic blink reflexes. Physiological Psychology, 11, 235 242.
    • (1983) Physiological Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 235-242
    • Hackley, S.A.1    Graham, F.K.2
  • 33
    • 0025923219 scopus 로고
    • The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire
    • Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C. Fagerström, K. O. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119 1127.
    • (1991) British Journal of Addiction , vol.86 , pp. 1119-1127
    • Heatherton, T.F.1    Kozlowski, L.T.2    Frecker, R.C.3    Fagerström, K.O.4
  • 35
    • 0034845978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No effect of cigarette smoking on attention or mood in non-deprived smokers
    • Herbert, M., Foulds, J. Fife-Schaw, C. (2001). No effect of cigarette smoking on attention or mood in non-deprived smokers. Addiction, 96, 1349 1356.
    • (2001) Addiction , vol.96 , pp. 1349-1356
    • Herbert, M.1    Foulds, J.2    Fife-Schaw, C.3
  • 36
    • 0031030698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloninger's tridimensional theory of personality and psychopathology: Applications to substance use disorders
    • Howard, M. O., Kivlahan, D. Walker, R. D. (1997). Cloninger's tridimensional theory of personality and psychopathology: Applications to substance use disorders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58, 48 66.
    • (1997) Journal of Studies on Alcohol , vol.58 , pp. 48-66
    • Howard, M.O.1    Kivlahan, D.2    Walker, R.D.3
  • 37
    • 0025760458 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing withdrawal relief and direct effects of smoking
    • Hughes, J. R. (1991). Distinguishing withdrawal relief and direct effects of smoking. Psychopharmacology, 104, 409 410.
    • (1991) Psychopharmacology , vol.104 , pp. 409-410
    • Hughes, J.R.1
  • 38
    • 0033948743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of smoking high nicotine cigarettes on prepulse inhibition, startle latency, and subjective responses
    • Hutchison, K. E., Niaura, R. Swift, R. (2000). The effects of smoking high nicotine cigarettes on prepulse inhibition, startle latency, and subjective responses. Psychopharmacology, 150, 244 252.
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.150 , pp. 244-252
    • Hutchison, K.E.1    Niaura, R.2    Swift, R.3
  • 39
    • 0020683617 scopus 로고
    • The effects of instructions on electrodermal habituation
    • Iacono, W. G. Lykken, D. T. (1983). The effects of instructions on electrodermal habituation. Psychophysiology, 20, 71 80.
    • (1983) Psychophysiology , vol.20 , pp. 71-80
    • Iacono, W.G.1    Lykken, D.T.2
  • 40
    • 0035144808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco smoking and event-related brain potentials in a Stroop task
    • Ilan, A. B. Polich, J. (2001). Tobacco smoking and event-related brain potentials in a Stroop task. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 40, 109 118.
    • (2001) International Journal of Psychophysiology , vol.40 , pp. 109-118
    • Ilan, A.B.1    Polich, J.2
  • 41
    • 0027366503 scopus 로고
    • A nicotine dependent and a nicotine independent component of smoking related pulse and activity variation
    • Jacober, A., Hasenfratz, M. Bättig, K. (1993). A nicotine dependent and a nicotine independent component of smoking related pulse and activity variation. Human Psychopharmacology, 8, 125 132.
    • (1993) Human Psychopharmacology , vol.8 , pp. 125-132
    • Jacober, A.1    Hasenfratz, M.2    Bättig, K.3
  • 43
    • 0029931774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking early and late stages of information processing: Contributions of startle blink reflex modification
    • Jennings, P. D., Schell, A. M., Filion, D. L. Dawson, M. E. (1996). Tracking early and late stages of information processing: Contributions of startle blink reflex modification. Psychophysiology, 33, 148 155.
    • (1996) Psychophysiology , vol.33 , pp. 148-155
    • Jennings, P.D.1    Schell, A.M.2    Filion, D.L.3    Dawson, M.E.4
  • 44
    • 0030844461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and attention: A review and reformulation of the stimulus-filter hypothesis
    • Kassel, J. D. (1997). Smoking and attention: A review and reformulation of the stimulus-filter hypothesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 451 478.
    • (1997) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.17 , pp. 451-478
    • Kassel, J.D.1
  • 45
    • 0031178482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attentional mediation of cigarette smoking's effect on anxiety
    • Kassel, J. D. Shiffman, S. (1997). Attentional mediation of cigarette smoking's effect on anxiety. Health Psychology, 16, 359 368.
    • (1997) Health Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 359-368
    • Kassel, J.D.1    Shiffman, S.2
  • 46
    • 0002684376 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of attention
    • E. C. Carterette. M. P. Friedman. (Eds.) New York: Academic Press
    • Keele, S. W. Neill, W. T. (1978). Mechanisms of attention. In E. C. Carterette M. P. Friedman (Eds.), Handbook of perception (Vol. IX, pp. 3 47). New York : Academic Press.
    • (1978) Handbook of Perception , vol.9 , pp. 3-47
    • Keele, S.W.1    Neill, W.T.2
  • 47
    • 0027536612 scopus 로고
    • Stimulant drugs and vigilance performance: A review
    • Koelega, H. S. (1993). Stimulant drugs and vigilance performance: A review. Psychopharmacology, 111, 1 16.
    • (1993) Psychopharmacology , vol.111 , pp. 1-16
    • Koelega, H.S.1
  • 48
    • 0019023502 scopus 로고
    • Reaction time, noise distraction and autonomic responsivity in smokers and non-smokers
    • Knott, V. J. (1980). Reaction time, noise distraction and autonomic responsivity in smokers and non-smokers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 50, 1271 1280.
    • (1980) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.50 , pp. 1271-1280
    • Knott, V.J.1
  • 49
    • 0021236178 scopus 로고
    • Electrodermal activity during aversive stimulation: Sex differences in smokers and non-smokers
    • Knott, V. J. (1984). Electrodermal activity during aversive stimulation: Sex differences in smokers and non-smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 9, 195 199.
    • (1984) Addictive Behaviors , vol.9 , pp. 195-199
    • Knott, V.J.1
  • 50
    • 0030759187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of acute subcutaneous nicotine on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in healthy male non-smokers
    • Kumari, V., Cotter, P. A., Checkley, S. A. Gray, J. A. (1997). Effect of acute subcutaneous nicotine on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in healthy male non-smokers. Psychopharmacology, 132, 389 395.
    • (1997) Psychopharmacology , vol.132 , pp. 389-395
    • Kumari, V.1    Cotter, P.A.2    Checkley, S.A.3    Gray, J.A.4
  • 52
    • 2642544990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attentional blink reflex modulation in a continuous performance task is modality specific
    • Lipp, O. V. Neumann, D. L. (2004). Attentional blink reflex modulation in a continuous performance task is modality specific. Psychophysiology, 41, 417 425.
    • (2004) Psychophysiology , vol.41 , pp. 417-425
    • Lipp, O.V.1    Neumann, D.L.2
  • 53
    • 0023715606 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoking on bilateral electrodermal measures of the orienting reflex
    • Lyvers, M., Boyd, G. Maltzman, I. (1988). Effects of cigarette smoking on bilateral electrodermal measures of the orienting reflex. Psychophysiology, 25, 408 417.
    • (1988) Psychophysiology , vol.25 , pp. 408-417
    • Lyvers, M.1    Boyd, G.2    Maltzman, I.3
  • 54
    • 0027418643 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoking on electrodermal orienting reflexes to stimulus change and stimulus significance
    • Lyvers, M. Miyata, Y. (1993). Effects of cigarette smoking on electrodermal orienting reflexes to stimulus change and stimulus significance. Psychophysiology, 30, 231 236.
    • (1993) Psychophysiology , vol.30 , pp. 231-236
    • Lyvers, M.1    Miyata, Y.2
  • 55
    • 0018633482 scopus 로고
    • Habituation of the GSR and digital vasomotor components of the orienting reflex as a consequence of task instructions and sex differences
    • Maltzman, I., Gould, J., Barnett, O. J., Raskin, D. C. Wolff, C. (1979). Habituation of the GSR and digital vasomotor components of the orienting reflex as a consequence of task instructions and sex differences. Physiological Psychology, 7, 213 220.
    • (1979) Physiological Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 213-220
    • Maltzman, I.1    Gould, J.2    Barnett, O.J.3    Raskin, D.C.4    Wolff, C.5
  • 56
    • 0026830304 scopus 로고
    • Aging, selective attention, and inhibitory processes: A psychophysiological approach
    • McDowd, J. M. Filion, D. L. (1992). Aging, selective attention, and inhibitory processes: A psychophysiological approach. Psychology and Aging, 7, 65 71.
    • (1992) Psychology and Aging , vol.7 , pp. 65-71
    • McDowd, J.M.1    Filion, D.L.2
  • 58
    • 0032743153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers
    • Mitchell, S. H. (1999). Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. Psychopharmacology, 146, 455 464.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology , vol.146 , pp. 455-464
    • Mitchell, S.H.1
  • 60
    • 34250188470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition, its attentional modulation, and vigilance performance
    • Rissling, A. J., Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M. Nuechterlein, K. H. (2007). Effects of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition, its attentional modulation, and vigilance performance. Psychophysiology, 44, 627 634.
    • (2007) Psychophysiology , vol.44 , pp. 627-634
    • Rissling, A.J.1    Dawson, M.E.2    Schell, A.M.3    Nuechterlein, K.H.4
  • 61
    • 0026656095 scopus 로고
    • The meaning of addiction: Reply to West
    • Robinson, J. H. Pritchard, W. S. (1992). The meaning of addiction: Reply to West. Psychopharmacology, 108, 411 416.
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology , vol.108 , pp. 411-416
    • Robinson, J.H.1    Pritchard, W.S.2
  • 63
    • 26644454180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of nicotine on visual search tasks in young adult smokers
    • Rycroft, N., Rusted, J. M. Hutton, S. B. (2005). Acute effects of nicotine on visual search tasks in young adult smokers. Psychopharmacology, 181, 160 169.
    • (2005) Psychopharmacology , vol.181 , pp. 160-169
    • Rycroft, N.1    Rusted, J.M.2    Hutton, S.B.3
  • 64
    • 0031962730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of caffeine and directed attention on acoustic startle habituation
    • Schicatano, E. J. Blumenthal, T. D. (1998). The effects of caffeine and directed attention on acoustic startle habituation. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 59, 145 150.
    • (1998) Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior , vol.59 , pp. 145-150
    • Schicatano, E.J.1    Blumenthal, T.D.2
  • 65
    • 0027360143 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nicotine on human psychomotor performance
    • Sherwood, N. (1993). Effects of nicotine on human psychomotor performance. Human Psychopharmacology, 8, 155 184.
    • (1993) Human Psychopharmacology , vol.8 , pp. 155-184
    • Sherwood, N.1
  • 67
    • 0036829599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion among women with psychopathy during picture perception
    • Sutton, S. K., Vitale, J. E. Newman, J. P. (2002). Emotion among women with psychopathy during picture perception. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 610 619.
    • (2002) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.111 , pp. 610-619
    • Sutton, S.K.1    Vitale, J.E.2    Newman, J.P.3
  • 68
    • 0033938877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of deficient sensorimotor gating: What we know, what we think we know, and what we hope to know soon
    • Swerdlow, N. R., Braff, D. L. Geyer, M. A. (2000). Animal models of deficient sensorimotor gating: What we know, what we think we know, and what we hope to know soon. Behavioral Pharmacology, 111, 185 204.
    • (2000) Behavioral Pharmacology , vol.111 , pp. 185-204
    • Swerdlow, N.R.1    Braff, D.L.2    Geyer, M.A.3
  • 69
    • 0026009270 scopus 로고
    • The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges
    • Tiffany, S. T. Drobes, D. J. (1991). The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1467 1476.
    • (1991) British Journal of Addiction , vol.86 , pp. 1467-1476
    • Tiffany, S.T.1    Drobes, D.J.2
  • 71
    • 0022631211 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stimulus intensity on autonomic responding: The problem of differentiating orienting and defense responses
    • Turpin, G. (1986). Effects of stimulus intensity on autonomic responding: The problem of differentiating orienting and defense responses. Psychophysiology, 23, 1 14.
    • (1986) Psychophysiology , vol.23 , pp. 1-14
    • Turpin, G.1
  • 72
    • 72549093346 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: Nicotine addiction: A report of the Surgeon General (DHHS Publication No. CDC 88-8406). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1988). The health consequences of smoking: Nicotine addiction: A report of the Surgeon General (DHHS Publication No. CDC 88-8406). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1988)
  • 73
    • 0031756676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of smoking on performance on the Garner speeded classification task
    • Waters, A. J. (1998). The effects of smoking on performance on the Garner speeded classification task. Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental, 13, 477 491.
    • (1998) Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental , vol.13 , pp. 477-491
    • Waters, A.J.1
  • 75
    • 0026783429 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine addiction: A re-analysis of the arguments
    • West, R. (1992). Nicotine addiction: A re-analysis of the arguments. Psychopharmacology, 108, 408 410.
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology , vol.108 , pp. 408-410
    • West, R.1
  • 76
    • 34249041289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cigarette smoking on prefrontal cortical function in nondeprived smokers performing the Stroop task
    • Xu, J., Mendrek, A., Cohen, M. S., Monterosso, J., Simon, S., Jarvik, M., et al 2007). Effect of cigarette smoking on prefrontal cortical function in nondeprived smokers performing the Stroop task. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32, 1421 1428.
    • (2007) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.32 , pp. 1421-1428
    • Xu, J.1    Mendrek, A.2    Cohen, M.S.3    Monterosso, J.4    Simon, S.5    Jarvik, M.6    Al, E.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.