Attentional Mediation of Cigarette Smoking's Effect on Anxiety

Health Psychology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 359-368

  Kassel, Jon D ^a,b   Shiffman, Saul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Attention; Cigarette smoking; Mood; Nicotine

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANXIETY; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SELF DISCLOSURE; SMOKING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANXIETY; AROUSAL; ATTENTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SELF DISCLOSURE; SMOKING; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 0031178482     PISSN: 02786133     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.16.4.359     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1988). Anxiety and depression: An information processing perspective. Anxiety Research, 1, 23-36.
2. Birnbaum, I., & Parker, E. (Eds.). (1977). Alcohol and human memory. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
3. Britton, B. K., & Tesser, A. (1982). Effects of prior knowledge on use of cognitive capacity in three complex cognitive tasks. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 421-436.
4. Callaway, E., Halliday, R., & Naylor, H. (1992). Cholinergic activity and constraints on information processing. Biological Psychology, 33, 1-22.
5. Carroll, J. B., Davies, P., & Richman, B. (1971). The American heritage word frequency book. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
6. Conway, T. L., Vickers, R. R., Ward, H. W., & Rahe, R. H. (1981). Occupational stress and variation in cigarette, coffee and alcohol. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 155-165.
7. Cutler, G. H., & Barrios, F. X. (1988). Effects of deprivation on smokers' mood during the operation of a complex computer simulation. Addictive Behaviors, 13, 379-382.
8. Dalgleish, T. (1995). Performance on the emotional Stroop task in groups of anxious, expert, and control subjects: A comparison of computer and card presentation formats. Cognition and Emotion, 9, 341-362.
9. Easterbrook, J. A. (1959). The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior. Psychological Review, 66, 183-201.
10. Eysenck, M. W. (1988). Anxiety and attention. Anxiety Research, 1, 9-15.
11. Eysenck, M. W. (1992). Anxiety: The cognitive perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
12. Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, P. J., Cooper, M. J., McKenna, F. P., & Anastasiades, P. (1991). Selective information processing in bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10, 415-422.
13. Fleming, S. E., & Lombardo, T. W. (1987). Effects of cigarette smoking on phobic anxiety. Addictive Behaviors, 12, 195-198.
14. Frith, C. (1971). Smoking behaviour and its relation to the smoker's immediate experience. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10, 73-78.
15. Gilbert, D. G. (1995). Smoking: Individual differences, psychopathology, and emotion. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
16. Gilbert, D. G., & Hagen, R. L. (1980). The effects of nicotine and extraversion on self-report, skin conductance, electromyographic, and heart responses to emotional stimuli. Addictive Behaviors, 5, 247-257.
17. Gilbert, D. G., & Spielberger, C. D. (1987). Effects of smoking on heart rate, anxiety, and feelings of success during social interaction. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10, 629-638.
18. Gross, T. M., Jarvik, M. E., & Rosenblatt, M. R. (1993). Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference. Psychopharmacology, 110, 333-336.
19. Hasenfratz, J., & Battig, K. (1993). Psychophysiological interactions between smoking and stress coping? Psychopharmacology, 113, 37-44.
20. Hatch, J. P., Bierner, S. M., & Fisher, J. G. (1983). The effects of smoking and cigarette nicotine content on smokers' preparation and performance of a psychosocially stressful task. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 6, 207-216.
21. Hatsukami, D. K., Hughes, J. R., Pickens, R. W., & Svikis, D. (1984). Tobacco withdrawal symptoms: An experimental analysis. Psychopharmacology, 84, 231-236.
22. Henningfield, J. E., & Goldberg, S. R. (1983). Nicotine as a reinforcer in human subjects and laboratory animals. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 19, 989-992.
23. Hughes, J. R. (1991). Distinguishing withdrawal relief and direct effects of smoking. Psychopharmacology, 104, 409-410.
24. Hughes, J. R., Hatsukami, D. K., Mitchell, J. E., & Dahlgren, L. A. (1986). Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 993-997.
25. Hughes, J. R., Hatsukami, D. K., Pickens, R. W., Krahn, D., Malin, S., & Luknic, A. (1984). Effect of nicotine on the tobacco withdrawal syndrome. Psychopharmacology, 83, 82-87.
26. Jarvik, M. E., Caskey, N. H., Rose, J. E., Herskovic, J. E., & Sadeghpour, M. (1989). Anxiolytic effects of smoking associated with four stressors. Addictive Behaviors, 14, 379-386.
27. Josephs, R. A., & Steele, C. M. (1990). The two faces of alcohol myopia: Attentional mediation of psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 115-126.
28. Kassel, J. D. (in press). Smoking and attention: A review and reformulation of the stimulus-filter hypothesis. Clinical Psychology Review.
29. Knott, V. J. (1978). Smoking, EEG and input regulation in smokers and non-smokers. In R. E. Thornton (Ed.), Smoking behaviour: Physiological and psychological influences (pp. 115-130). London: Churchill-Livingston.
30. Kramer, A., & Spinks, J. (1991). Capacity views of human information processing. In J. R. Jennings & M. G. H. Coles (Eds.), Handbook of cognitive psychophysiology: Central and autonomic nervous system approaches (pp. 179-249). New York: Wiley.
31. Levenson, R. W., Sher, K. J., Grossman, L. M., Newman, J., & Newlin, D. B. (1980). Alcohol and stress response dampening: Pharmacological effects, expectancy, and tension reduction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 528-538.
32. Lyon, R. J., Tong, J. E., Leigh, G., & Clare, G. (1975). The influence of alcohol and tobacco on the components of choice reaction time. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, 587-596.
33. MacLeod, C. M. (1991a). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
34. MacLeod, C. (1991b). Clinical anxiety and the selective encoding of threatening information. International Review of Psychiatry, 3, 279-292.
35. MacLeod, C., & Rutherford, E. M. (1992). Anxiety and the selective processing of emotional information: Mediating roles of awareness, trait and state variables, and personal revelance of stimulus materials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 479-491.
36. Mangan, G. L., & Golding, J. F. (1984). The psychopharmacology of smoking. New York: Cambridge University Press.
37. Morgan, S. F., & Pickens, R. W. (1982). Reaction time performance as a function of cigarette smoking procedure. Psychopharmacology, 77, 383-386.
38. Peele, S. (1985). The meaning of addiction: Compulsive experience and its interpretation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
39. Perkins, K. A., & Grobe, J. E. (1992). Increased desire to smoke during acute stress. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 1037-1040.
40. Perkins, K. A., Grobe, J. E., Fonte, C., & Breus, M. (1992). "Paradoxical" effects of smoking on subjective stress versus cardiovascular arousal in males and females. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 42, 301-311.
41. Pomerleau, C. S., & Pomerleau, O. F. (1987). The effects of a psychological stressor on cigarette smoking and subsequent behavioral and physiological responses. Psychophysiology, 24, 278-285.
42. Pomerleau, O., Turk, D., & Fertig, J. (1984). The effects of cigarette smoking on pain and anxiety. Addictive Behaviors, 9, 256-271.
43. Pritchard, W. S., & Kay, D. L. C. (1993). Personality and smoking motivation of U.S. smokers as measured by the State-Trait Personality Inventory, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Spielberger's Smoking Motivation Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 629-637.
44. Pritchard, W. S., Robinson, J. H., & Guy, T. D. (1992). Enhancement of continuous performance task reaction time by smoking in non-deprived smokers. Psychopharmacology, 108, 437-442.
45. Rimm, D., Sininger, J., Faherty, M., Whitley, M., & Perl, M. (1982). A balanced placebo investigation of the effects of alcohol vs. alcohol expectancy on simulated driving behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 27-32.
46. Sayette, M. A. (1993). An appraisal-disruption model of alcohol's effects on stress responses in social drinkers. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 459-476.
47. Sayette, M. A. (1994). Effects of alcohol on self-appraisal. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 127-133.
48. Schneider, N. G., & Houston, J. P. (1970). Smoking and anxiety. Psychological Reports, 26, 941-942.
49. Schneider, W. (1990). Micro Experimental Laboratory. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychological Consultants Press.
50. Shiffman, S. M. (1979). The tobacco withdrawal syndrome. In N. A. Krasnegor (Ed.), Cigarette smoking as a dependence process (National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph No. 23). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
51. Spielberger, C. D. (1986). Psychological determinants of smoking behavior. In R. D. Tollison (Ed.), Smoking and society (pp. 89-134). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
52. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
53. Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A. (1988). Drinking your troubles away II: An attention-allocation model of alcohol's effect on psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 196-205.
54. Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A. (1990). Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects. American Psychologist, 45, 921-933.
55. Steele, C. M., Southwick, L., & Pagano, R. (1986). Drinking your troubles away: The role of activity in mediating alcohol's reduction of psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 173-180.
56. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1988). The health consequences of smoking: Nicotine addiction. A report of the Surgeon General (DHHS Publication No. CDC 88-8406). Rockville, MD: Public Health Service.
57. Wachtel, P. L. (1967). Conceptions of broad and narrow attention. Psychological Bulletin, 68, 417-429.
58. Warburton, D. M., & Rusted, J. M. (1993). Cholinergic control of cognitive resources. Neuropsychobiology, 28, 43-46.
59. Warburton, D. M., & Wesnes, K. (1978). Individual differences in smoking and attentional performance. In R. E. Thornton (Ed.), Smoking behaviour: Physiological and psychological influences (pp. 19-43). London: Churchill-Livingston.
60. Wesnes, K. A., & Parrott, A. C. (1992). Smoking, nicotine and human performance. In A. P. Smith & D. M. Jones (Eds.), Handbook of human performance (Vol. 2, pp. 127-167). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
61. Wesnes, K., & Warburton, D. M. (1983). Smoking, nicotine and human performance. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 21, 189-208.
62. West, R. (1993). Beneficial effects of nicotine: Fact or fiction? Addiction, 88, 589-590.
63. Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 3-24.
64. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1988). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester, England: Wiley.
65. Woodson, P. P., Buzzi, R., Nil, R., & Battig, K. (1986). Effects of smoking on vegetative reactivity to noise in women. Psychophysiology, 23, 272-282.