Getting a Handle on Learning Anatomy With Interactive Three-Dimensional Graphics

Journal of Educational Psychology

Volumn 101, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 803-816

  Stull, Andrew T ^a   Hegarty, Mary ^a   Mayer, Richard E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

anatomy learning; individual differences; manual rotation; spatial cognition; virtual reality

Indexed keywords

EID: 70449507793     PISSN: 00220663     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0016849     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Anastakis D.J., Hamstra S.J., and Matsumoto E.D. Visual-spatial abilities in surgical training. American Journal of Surgery 179 (2000) 469-471
2. Arnold P., and Farrell M.J. Can virtual reality be used to measure and train surgical skills?. Ergonomics 45 (2002) 362-379
3. Ballaz C., Boutsen L., Peyrin C., Humphreys G.W., and Marendaz C. Visual search for object orientations can be modulated by canonical orientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 31 (2005) 20-39
4. Bearman M. Is virtual the same as real? Medical students' experiences of a virtual patient. Academic Medicine 78 (2003) 528-545
5. Brenton H., Hernandez J., Bello F., Strutton P., Purkayastha S., Firth T., and Darzi A. Using multimedia and Web3D to enhance anatomy teaching. Computers and Education 49 (2007) 32-53
6. Chui C., Ong J.S.K., Lian Z., Want Z., Teo J., Zhang J., et al. Haptics in computer-mediated simulation: Training in vertebroplasty surgery. Simulation and Gaming 37 (2006) 438-451
7. Cohen C.A., and Hegarty M. Individual differences in use of external visualizations to perform an internal visualization task. Applied Cognitive Psychology 21 (2007) 701-711
8. Conover W.J., and Iman R.L. Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. American Statistician 35 (1981) 124-129
9. Corballis M.C. Recognition of disoriented shapes. Psychological Review 95 (1988) 115-123
10. Cuschieri A. Visual displays and visual perception in minimal access surgery. Seminars in Laparoscopic Surgery 2 (1995) 209-214
11. Field A. Discovering statistics using SPSS. 2nd ed. (2005), Sage, London
12. Garg A.X., Norman G.R., Eva K.W., Spero L., and Sharan S. Is there any real virtue of virtual reality? The minor role of multiple orientations in learning anatomy from computers. Academic Medicine 77 (2002) S97-S99
13. Garg A.X., Norman G.R., and Spero L. How medical students learn spatial anatomy. The Lancet 357 (2001) 363-364
14. Garg A.X., Norman G.R., Spero L., and Maheshwari P. Do virtual computer models hinder anatomy learning. Academic Medicine 74 (1999) S87-S89
15. Gibbons R.D., Baker R.J., and Skinner D.B. Field articulation testing: A predictor of technical skills in surgical residents. Journal of Surgical Residence 41 (1986) 53-57
16. Grace D.M. Aptitude testing in surgery. Canadian Journal of Surgery 32 (1989) 396-397
17. Graf M. Coordinate transformations in object recognition. Psychological Bulletin 132 (2006) 920-945
18. Hallgren R.C., Parkhurst P.E., Monson C.L., and Crewe N.M. An interactive, Web-based tool for learning anatomic landmarks. Academic Medicine 77 (2002) 263-265
19. Harman K.L., Humphrey G.K., and Goodale M.A. Active manual control of object views facilitates visual recognition. Current Biology 9 (1999) 1315-1318
20. Hayward W.G., Zhou G., Gauthier I., and Harris I.M. Dissociating viewpoint costs in mental rotation and object recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 13 (2006) 820-825
21. Hegarty M., Keehner M., Cohen C., Montello D.R., and Lippa Y. The role of spatial cognition in medicine: Applications for selecting and training professionals. In: Allen G.L. (Ed). Applied spatial cognition: From research to cognitive technology (2007), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 285-315
22. Hegarty M., Keehner M., Khooshabeh P., and Montello D.R. How spatial ability enhances, and is enhanced by, dental education. Learning and Individual Differences 19 (2009) 61-70
23. Hegarty M., and Waller D.A. Individual differences in spatial abilities. In: Shah P., and Miyake A. (Eds). Handbook of visuospatial thinking (2005), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
24. Humphreys G.W., and Riddoch M.J. Routes to object constancy: Implications from neurological impairments of object constancy. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 36A (1984) 385-415
25. Humphreys G.W., and Riddoch M.J. Features, objects, action: The cognitive neuropsychology of visual object processing, 1984-2004. Cognitive Neuropsychology 23 (2006) 156-183
26. Ieronutti L., and Chittaro L. Employing virtual humans for education and training in ×3D/VRML worlds. Computers and Education 49 (2007) 93-109
27. James K.H., Humphrey G.K., and Goodale M.A. Manipulating and recognizing virtual objects: Where the action is. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 55 (2001) 111-120
28. John N.W. The impact of Web3D technologies on medical education and training. Computers and Education 49 (2007) 19-31
29. Keehner M.M., Hegarty M., Cohen C., Khooshabeh P., and Montello D.R. Spatial reasoning with external visualizations: What matters is what you see, not whether you interact. Cognitive Science 32 (2008) 1099-1132
30. Keehner M., Lippa Y., Montello D.R., Tendick F., and Hegarty M. Learning a spatial skill for surgery: How the contributions of abilities change with practice. Applied Cognitive Psychology 20 (2006) 487-503
31. Keehner M.M., Tendick F., Meng M.V., Anwar H.P., Hegarty M., Stoller M.L., and Duh Q. Spatial ability, experience, and skill in laparoscopic surgery. The American Journal of Surgery 188 (2004) 71-75
32. Kuipers J.B. Quaternions and Rotation Sequences: A primer with applications to orbits, aerospace, and virtual reality (1999), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
33. Levinson A.J., Weaver B., Garside S., McGinn H., and Norman G.R. Virtual reality and brain anatomy: A randomised trial of e-learning instructional designs. Medical Education 41 (2007) 495-501
34. Luursema J., Verwey W.B., Kommers P.A.M., Geelkerken R.H., and Vos H.J. Optimizing conditions for computer-assisted anatomical learning. Interacting with Computers 18 (2006) 1123-1138
35. Marr D. The philosophy and the approach. In: Yantis S. (Ed). Visual perception: Essential readings (1982), Psychology Press, New York 104-123
36. Marr D., and Nishihara H.K. Visual information processing: Artificial intelligence and the sensorium of sight. In: Kosslyn S.M., and Andersen R.A. (Eds). Frontiers in cognitive neuroscience (1992), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 165-186
37. Mitsumatsu H., and Yokosawa K. How do the internal details of the object contribute to recognition?. Perception 31 (2002) 1289-1298
38. Nicholson D.T., Chalk C., Funnell W.R.J., and Daniel S.J. Can virtual reality improve anatomy education? A randomized controlled study of a computer-generated three-dimensional anatomical ear model. Medical Education 40 (2006) 1081-1087
39. Pani J.R. Limits on the comprehension of rotational motion: Mental imagery of rotations with oblique components. Perception 22 (1993) 785-808
40. Parsons L.M. Inability to reason about an object's orientation using an axis and angle of rotation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 21 (1995) 1259-1277
41. Reznick R.K., and MacRae H. Teaching surgical skills-Changes in the wind. The New England Journal of Medicine 355 (2008) 2664-2669
42. Rochford K. Spatial learning disabilities and underachievement among university anatomy students. Medical Education 19 (1985) 13-26
43. Ruddle R.A., and Jones D.M. Manual and virtual rotations of a three-dimensional object. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 7 (2001) 286-296
44. Shepard R.N., and Metzler J. Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science 171 (1971) 701-703
45. Shiffrar M.M., and Shepard R.N. Comparison of cube rotations around axes inclined relative to the environment or to the cube. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 17 (1991) 44-54
46. Sweller J., van Merrienboer J.J.G., and Paas F.G.W.C. Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review 10 (1998) 251-296
47. Vandenberg S.G., and Kuse A.R. Mental rotations, a group test of three-dimensional spatial visualization. Perceptual and Motor Skills 47 (1978) 599-601
48. Wanzel K.R., Hamstra S.J., Anastakis D.J., Matsumoto E.D., and Cusimano M.D. Effect of visual-spatial ability on learning of spatially-complex surgical skills. Lancet 359 (2002) 230-232
49. Wexler M., Kosslyn S.M., and Berthoz A. Motor processes in mental rotation. Cognition 68 (1998) 77-94
50. Wohlschläger A. Mental object rotation and the planning of hand movement. Perception & Psychophysics 63 (2001) 709-718
51. Wohlschläger A., and Wohlschläger A. Mental and manual rotation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24 (1998) 397-412