Antibacterial Agents in the Elderly

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 881-898

  Weber, Stephen ^a   Mawdsley, Emily ^a   Kaye, Donald ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b DREXEL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agents; Antimicrobial; Infection

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CARBAPENEM; CEFEPIME; CEPHALOSPORIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; IMIPENEM; METRONIDAZOLE; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; VANCOMYCIN;

AGED; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BONE INFECTION; CELLULITIS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; COMORBIDITY; DECUBITUS; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; ELDERLY CARE; FOOT DISEASE; GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION; GERIATRIC PATIENT; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS; KIDNEY ABSCESS; LONG TERM CARE; LUNG ABSCESS; MICROBIOLOGY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; OSTEOMYELITIS; PERIRENAL ABSCESS; PLEURA EMPYEMA; PNEUMONIA; POLYPHARMACY; PROSTHESIS INFECTION; REVIEW; SKIN ABSCESS; SKIN INFECTION; SOFT TISSUE INFECTION; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; URINE CULTURE;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS;

EID: 70350732702     PISSN: 08915520     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2009.06.012     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Gavazzi G., and Krause K.H. Ageing and infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2 11 (2002) 659-666
2. Yoshikawa T.T. Epidemiology and unique aspects of aging and infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 30 6 (2000) 931-933
3. Ochoa-Gondar O., Vila-Corcoles A., de Diego C., et al. The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: the Spanish EVAN-65 study. BMC Public Health 8 (2008) 222
4. Malani P.N., Rana M.M., Banerjee M., et al. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: the association between age and mortality and functional status. J Am Geriatr Soc 56 8 (2008) 1485-1489
5. High K., Bradley S., Loeb M., et al. A new paradigm for clinical investigation of infectious syndromes in older adults: assessing functional status as a risk factor and outcome measure. J Am Geriatr Soc 53 3 (2005) 528-535
6. Bureau USC. U.S. Interim Projections by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin. Available at: www.census.gov/population/www/projections/usinterimproj. Accessed November 11, 2008.
7. Castle S.C., Uyemura K., Fulop T., et al. Host resistance and immune responses in advanced age. Clin Geriatr Med 23 3 (2007) 463-479 v
8. Aw D., Silva A.B., and Palmer D.B. Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population. Immunology 120 4 (2007) 435-446
9. Hakim F.T., and Gress R.E. Immunosenescence: deficits in adaptive immunity in the elderly. Tissue Antigens 70 3 (2007) 179-189
10. Listi F., Candore G., Modica M.A., et al. A study of serum immunoglobulin levels in elderly persons that provides new insights into B cell immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1089 (2006) 487-495
11. Lock R.J., and Unsworth D.J. Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin subclasses in the elderly. Ann Clin Biochem 40 Pt 2 (2003) 143-148
12. Ginaldi L., De Martinis M., D'Ostilio A., et al. The immune system in the elderly: I. Specific humoral immunity. Immunol Res 20 2 (1999) 101-108
13. Burns E.A., and Goodwin J.S. Immunodeficiency of aging. Drugs Aging 11 5 (1997) 374-397
14. Kumar R., and Burns E.A. Age-related decline in immunity: implications for vaccine responsiveness. Expert Rev Vaccines 7 4 (2008) 467-479
15. Pfister G., Weiskopf D., Lazuardi L., et al. Naive T cells in the elderly: are they still there?. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1067 (2006) 152-157
16. Lazuardi L., Jenewein B., Wolf A.M., et al. Age-related loss of naive T cells and dysregulation of T-cell/B-cell interactions in human lymph nodes. Immunology 114 1 (2005) 37-43
17. Sunderkotter C., Kalden H., and Luger T.A. Aging and the skin immune system. Arch Dermatol 133 10 (1997) 1256-1262
18. Marik P.E., and Kaplan D. Aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia in the elderly. Chest 124 1 (2003) 328-336
19. Newnham D.M., and Hamilton S.J. Sensitivity of the cough reflex in young and elderly subjects. Age Ageing 26 3 (1997) 185-188
20. Ho J.C., Chan K.N., Hu W.H., et al. The effect of aging on nasal mucociliary clearance, beat frequency, and ultrastructure of respiratory cilia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163 4 (2001) 983-988
21. Turnheim K. Drug dosage in the elderly: is it rational?. Drugs Aging 13 5 (1998) 357-379
22. Tedla F.M., and Friedman E.A. The trend toward geriatric nephrology. Prim Care 35 3 (2008) 515-530 vii
23. Noreddin A.M., El-Khatib W., and Haynes V. Optimal dosing design for antibiotic therapy in the elderly: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspective. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 3 1 (2008) 45-52
24. Noreddin A.M., and Haynes V. Use of pharmacodynamic principles to optimise dosage regimens for antibacterial agents in the elderly. Drugs Aging 24 4 (2007) 275-292
25. Faulkner C.M., Cox H.L., and Williamson J.C. Unique aspects of antimicrobial use in older adults. Clin Infect Dis 40 7 (2005) 997-1004
26. Begg E.J., Barclay M.L., and Kirkpatrick C.M. The therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial agents. Br J Clin Pharmacol 52 Suppl 1 (2001) 35S-43S
27. Cox A.M., Malani P.N., Wiseman S.W., et al. Home intravenous antimicrobial infusion therapy: a viable option in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 55 5 (2007) 645-650
28. Cockburn J., Gibberd R.W., Reid A.L., et al. Determinants of non-compliance with short term antibiotic regimens. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 295 6602 (1987) 814-818
29. Cockburn J., Reid A.L., Bowman J.A., et al. Effects of intervention on antibiotic compliance in patients in general practice. Med J Aust 147 7 (1987) 324-328
30. Claesson S., Morrison A., Wertheimer A.I., et al. Compliance with prescribed drugs: challenges for the elderly population. Pharm World Sci 21 6 (1999) 256-259
31. George J., Elliott R.A., and Stewart D.C. A systematic review of interventions to improve medication taking in elderly patients prescribed multiple medications. Drugs Aging 25 4 (2008) 307-324
32. Beyth R.J., and Shorr R.I. Epidemiology of adverse drug reactions in the elderly by drug class. Drugs Aging 14 3 (1999) 231-239
33. Smith P.W., Bennett G., Bradley S., et al. SHEA/APIC guideline: infection prevention and control in the long-term care facility, July 2008. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 29 9 (2008) 785-814
34. Deal E.N., Micek S.T., Ritchie D.J., et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality for bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter species or Citrobacter freundii. Pharmacotherapy 27 2 (2007) 191-199
35. Marcos M., Inurrieta A., Soriano A., et al. Effect of antimicrobial therapy on mortality in 377 episodes of Enterobacter spp. bacteraemia. J Antimicrob Chemother 62 2 (2008) 397-403
36. Gellin B.G., Broome C.V., Bibb W.F., et al. The epidemiology of listeriosis in the United States-1986. Listeriosis Study Group. Am J Epidemiol 133 4 (1991) 392-401
37. Jackson M.L., Neuzil K.M., Thompson W.W., et al. The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in seniors: results of a population-based study. Clin Infect Dis 39 11 (2004) 1642-1650
38. Kothe H., Bauer T., Marre R., et al. Outcome of community-acquired pneumonia: influence of age, residence status and antimicrobial treatment. Eur Respir J 32 1 (2008) 139-146
39. El-Solh A.A., Sikka P., Ramadan F., et al. Etiology of severe pneumonia in the very elderly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163 3 Pt 1 (2001) 645-651
40. Marrie T.J. Pneumonia in the long-term-care facility. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23 3 (2002) 159-164
41. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171 4 (2005) 388-416
42. Mandell L.A., Bartlett J.G., Dowell S.F., et al. Update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. Clin Infect Dis 37 11 (2003) 1405-1433
43. Neill A.M., Martin I.R., Weir R., et al. Community acquired pneumonia: aetiology and usefulness of severity criteria on admission. Thorax 51 10 (1996) 1010-1016
44. Bont J., Hak E., Hoes A.W., et al. Predicting death in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective validation study reevaluating the CRB-65 severity assessment tool. Arch Intern Med 168 13 (2008) 1465-1468
45. Laube S. Skin infections and ageing. Ageing Res Rev 3 1 (2004) 69-89
46. Farage M.A., Miller K.W., Elsner P., et al. Functional and physiological characteristics of the aging skin. Aging Clin Exp Res 20 3 (2008) 195-200
47. Horowitz Y., Sperber A.D., and Almog Y. Gram-negative cellulitis complicating cirrhosis. Mayo Clin Proc 79 2 (2004) 247-250
48. Brook I., and Frazier E.H. Clinical features and aerobic and anaerobic microbiological characteristics of cellulitis. Arch Surg 130 7 (1995) 786-792
49. Herold B.C., Immergluck L.C., Maranan M.C., et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children with no identified predisposing risk. JAMA 279 8 (1998) 593-598
50. Hersh A.L., Chambers H.F., Maselli J.H., et al. National trends in ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescribing for skin and soft-tissue infections. Arch Intern Med 168 14 (2008) 1585-1591
51. Klevens R.M., Morrison M.A., Nadle J., et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA 298 15 (2007) 1763-1771
52. Stryjewski M.E., and Chambers H.F. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 46 Suppl 5 (2008) S368-S377
53. David M.Z., Mennella C., Mansour M., et al. Predominance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pathogens causing skin and soft tissue infections in a large urban jail: risk factors and recurrence rates. J Clin Microbiol 46 10 (2008) 3222-3227
54. Skiest D.J., and Cooper T.W. High recurrence rate of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infections. Arch Intern Med 167 22 (2007) 2527 [author reply 2527]
55. Ellis M.W., Griffith M.E., Dooley D.P., et al. Targeted intranasal mupirocin to prevent colonization and infection by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in soldiers: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 10 (2007) 3591-3598
56. Perl B., Gottehrer N.P., Raveh D., et al. Cost-effectiveness of blood cultures for adult patients with cellulitis. Clin Infect Dis 29 6 (1999) 1483-1488
57. Kielhofner M.A., Brown B., and Dall L. Influence of underlying disease process on the utility of cellulitis needle aspirates. Arch Intern Med 148 11 (1988) 2451-2452
58. Hepburn M.J., Dooley D.P., Skidmore P.J., et al. Comparison of short-course (5 days) and standard (10 days) treatment for uncomplicated cellulitis. Arch Intern Med 164 15 (2004) 1669-1674
59. Gabillot-Carre M., and Roujeau J.C. Acute bacterial skin infections and cellulitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 20 2 (2007) 118-123
60. Levine E.G., and Manders S.M. Life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis. Clin Dermatol 23 2 (2005) 144-147
61. Wong C.H., Chang H.C., Pasupathy S., et al. Necrotizing fasciitis: clinical presentation, microbiology, and determinants of mortality. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85 8 (2003) 1454-1460
62. Young L.M., and Price C.S. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus emerging as an important cause of necrotizing fasciitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 9 4 (2008) 469-474
63. Charnot-Katsikas A., Dorafshar A.H., Aycock J.K., et al. Two cases of necrotizing fasciitis due to Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Microbiol 47 (2008) 258-263
64. Hidalgo-Grass C., Dan-Goor M., Maly A., et al. Effect of a bacterial pheromone peptide on host chemokine degradation in group A streptococcal necrotising soft-tissue infections. Lancet 363 9410 (2004) 696-703
65. EPUAP. Pressure ulcer treatment guidelines (1999), EPUAP, Oxford
66. Sobel J., and Kaye D. Urinary tract infection. In: Mandell G.L., Bennett J.E., and Dolin R. (Eds). Principles and practice of infectious diseases vol. 2 (2005), Elsevier, Philadelphia p. 875-905
67. Baldassarre J.S., and Kaye D. Special problems of urinary tract infection in the elderly. Med Clin North Am 75 2 (1991) 375-390
68. Ronald A. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. Dis Mon 49 2 (2003) 71-82
69. Nicolle L.E. Urinary tract infections in long-term-care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 22 3 (2001) 167-175
70. Nicolle L.E., Bradley S., Colgan R., et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis 40 5 (2005) 643-654
71. Olson E.S., and Cookson B.D. Do antimicrobials have a role in preventing septicaemia following instrumentation of the urinary tract?. J Hosp Infect 45 2 (2000) 85-97
72. Sobel J.D., Kauffman C.A., McKinsey D., et al. Candiduria: a randomized, double-blind study of treatment with fluconazole and placebo. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 30 1 (2000) 19-24
73. Gomez Morales M.A., and Pozio E. Humoral and cellular immunity against Cryptosporidium infection. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 2 3 (2002) 291-301
74. Simor A.E., Bradley S.F., Strausbaugh L.J., et al. Clostridium difficile in long-term-care facilities for the elderly. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23 11 (2002) 696-703
75. McDonald L.C., Killgore G.E., Thompson A., et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 353 23 (2005) 2433-2441
76. McDonald L.C., Owings M., and Jernigan D.B. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996-2003. Emerg Infect Dis 12 3 (2006) 409-415
77. Zar F.A., Bakkanagari S.R., Moorthi K.M., et al. A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by disease severity. Clin Infect Dis 45 3 (2007) 302-307
78. Gerding D.N., Muto C.A., and Owens Jr. R.C. Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 46 Suppl 1 (2008) S32-S42
79. Moran E., Masters S., Berendt A.R., et al. Guiding empirical antibiotic therapy in orthopaedics: the microbiology of prosthetic joint infection managed by debridement, irrigation and prosthesis retention. J Infect 55 1 (2007) 1-7
80. Tai C.C., Nirvani A.A., Holmes A., et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in orthopaedic surgery. Int Orthop 28 1 (2004) 32-35
81. Shams W.E., and Rapp R.P. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections: an important consideration for orthopedic surgeons. Orthopedics 27 6 (2004) 565-568
82. Betsch B.Y., Eggli S., Siebenrock K.A., et al. Treatment of joint prosthesis infection in accordance with current recommendations improves outcome. Clin Infect Dis 46 8 (2008) 1221-1226
83. Toulson C., Walcott-Sapp S., Hur J., et al. Treatment of infected total hip arthroplasty with a 2-stage reimplantation protocol update on "our institution's" experience from 1989 to 2003. J Arthroplasty (2008) [Epub ahead of print]
84. Lieberman J.R., Callaway G.H., Salvati E.A., et al. Treatment of the infected total hip arthroplasty with a two-stage reimplantation protocol. Clin Orthop Relat Res 301 (1994) 205-212
85. Parvizi J., Saleh K.J., Ragland P.S., et al. Efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated cement in total hip replacement. Acta Orthop 79 3 (2008) 335-341
86. Dalla Paola L., and Faglia E. Treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: an overview strategy for clinical approach. Curr Diabetes Rev 2 4 (2006) 431-447
87. Lipsky B.A., Berendt A.R., Deery H.G., et al. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis 39 7 (2004) 885-910
88. White P.H., Kuhlenschmidt H.L., Vancura B.G., et al. Antimicrobial use in patients with advanced cancer receiving hospice care. J Pain Symptom Manage 25 5 (2003) 438-443
89. Reinbolt R.E., Shenk A.M., White P.H., et al. Symptomatic treatment of infections in patients with advanced cancer receiving hospice care. J Pain Symptom Manage 30 2 (2005) 175-182