Can pine forest restoration promote a diverse and abundant understory and simultaneously resist nonnative invasion?

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 258, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 2638-2646

  McGlone, Christopher M ^a   Springer, Judith D ^a   Laughlin, Daniel C ^a  

^a NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Arizona; Bromus tectorum; Cheatgrass; Disturbance; Ecological restoration; Ponderosa pine; Understory community

Indexed keywords

ARIZONA; BROMUS TECTORUM; CHEATGRASS; DISTURBANCE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; PONDEROSA PINE; UNDERSTORY COMMUNITY;

CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; RESTORATION;

FORESTRY;

ABUNDANCE; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; BIOMASS BURNING; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DISTURBANCE; GRASS; MONUMENT; NATIVE SPECIES; PLANT COMMUNITY; RECOVERY PLAN; REINTRODUCTION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SOIL TYPE; THINNING; UNDERSTORY; VEGETATION COVER;

ARIZONA; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; FORESTRY; PINUS PONDEROSA; RESTORATION;

ARIZONA; GRAND CANYON-PARASHANT NATIONAL MONUMENT; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

BROMUS; BROMUS TECTORUM; PINUS PONDEROSA;

EID: 70350564320     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.024     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Allen C.D., Savage M., Falk D.A., Suckling K.F., Swetnam T.W., Schulke T., Stacey P.B., Morgan P., Hoffman M., and Klingel J.T. Ecological restoration of Southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems: a broad perspective. Ecological Applications 12 (2002) 1418-1433
2. Austin A.T., Yahdjian L., Stark J.M., Belnap J., Porporato A., Norton U., Ravetta D.A., and Schaeffer S.M. Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Oecologia 141 (2004) 221-235
3. Bakker J.D., and Moore M.M. Controls on vegetation structure in southwestern ponderosa pine forests, 1941-2004. Ecology 88 (2007) 2305-2319
4. Beckstead J., and Augspurger C.K. An experimental test of resistance to cheatgrass invasion: limiting resources at different life stages. Biological Invasions 6 (2004) 417-432
5. Belnap J., Phillips S.L., Sherrod S.K., and Moldenke A. Soil biota can change after exotic plant invasion: does this affect ecosystem processes?. Ecology 86 (2005) 3007-3017
6. Beyers J.L. Postfire seeding for erosion control: effectiveness and impacts on native plant communities. Conservation Biology 18 (2004) 947-956
7. Booth M.S., Caldwell M.M., and Stark J.M. Overlapping resource use in three Great Basin species: implications for community invasibility and vegetation dynamics. Journal of Ecology 91 (2003) 36-48
8. Brandt C.A., and Rickard W.H. Alien taxa in the North American shrub-steppe four decades after cessation of livestock grazing and cultivation agriculture. Biological Conservation 68 (1994) 95-105
9. Brooks M.L., D'Antonio C.M., Richardson D.M., Grace J.B., Keeley J.E., DiTomaso J.M., Hobbs R.J., Pellant M., and Pyke D. Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. BioScience 54 (2004) 677-688
10. Chambers J.C., Roundy B.A., Blank R.R., Meyer S.E., and Whittaker A. What makes Great Basin sagebrush ecosystems invasible by Bromus tectorum?. Ecological Monographs 77 (2007) 117-145
11. Clark K.R. Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18 (1993) 117-143
12. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd edition (1988), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, USA
13. Collins B.M., Moghaddas J.J., and Stephens S.L. Initial changes in forest structure and understory plant communities following fuel reduction activities in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. Forest Ecology and Management 239 (2007) 102-111
14. Covington W.W. Helping western forests heal. Nature 408 (2000) 135-136
15. Crawford J.A., Wahren C.-H.A., Kyle S., and Moir W.H. Responses of exotic plant species to fires in Pinus ponderosa forests in northern Arizona. Journal of Vegetation Science 12 (2001) 261-268
16. D'Antonio C.D., and Meyerson L.A. Exotic plant species as problems and solutions in ecological restoration: a synthesis. Restoration Ecology 10 (2002) 703-713
17. D'Antonio C.M., and Vitousek P.M. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23 (1992) 63-87
18. Dodson E.K., and Fiedler C.E. Impacts of restoration treatments on alien plant invasion in Pinus ponderosa forests, Montana, USA. Journal of Applied Ecology 43 (2006) 887-897
19. Elton C. Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants (1958), Chapman and Hall, London
20. Evans R.D., Rimer R., Sperry L., and Belnap J. Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland. Ecological Applications 11 (2001) 1301-1310
21. Floyd M.L., Hanna D., Romme W.H., and Crews T.E. Predicting and mitigating weed invasions to restore natural post-fire succession in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 15 (2006) 247-259
22. Fulé P.Z., Laughlin D.C., and Covington W.W. Pine-oak forest dynamics five years after ecological restoration treatments, Arizona, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 218 (2005) 129-145
23. Fulé P.Z., Roccaforte J.P., and Covington W.W. Posttreatment tree mortality after forest ecological restoration, Arizona, United States. Environmental Management 40 (2007) 623-634
24. Griffis K.L., Crawford J.A., Wagner M.R., and Moir W.H. Understory response to management treatments in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management 146 (2001) 239-245
25. Gurevitch J., and Hedges L.V. Statistical issues in ecological meta-analysis. Ecology 80 (1999) 1142-1149
26. Hedges L.V. Distributional theory for Glass's estimator of effect size and related estimators. Journal of Educational Statistics 6 (1981) 107-128
27. Hobbs R.J., and Huenneke L.F. Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation. Conservation Biology 6 (1992) 324-337
28. Hooper D.U., and Vitousek P.M. The effects of plant composition and diversity on ecosystem processes. Science 277 (1997) 1302-1305
29. Huisinga K.D., Laughlin D.C., Fulé P.Z., Springer J.D., and McGlone C.M. Native species dominate after an intense prescribed fire in a mixed conifer forest. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 132 (2005) 590-601
30. Humphery L.D., and Schupp E.W. Competition as a barrier to establishment of a native perennial grass (Elymus elymoides) in alien annual grass (Bromus tectorum) communities. Journal of Arid Environments 58 (2004) 405-422
31. Keeley J.E., Allen C.D., Betancourt J., Chong G.W., Fotheringham C.J., and Safford H.D. A 21st century perspective on postfire seeding. Journal of Forestry 104 (2006) 1-2
32. Kennedy T.A., Naeem S., Howe K.M., Knops J.M.H., Tilman D., and Reich P. Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion. Nature 417 (2002) 636-638
33. Knapp P.A. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) dominance in the Great Basin Desert: history, persistence, and influences to human activities. Global Environmental Change 6 (1996) 37-52
34. Korb J.E., Johnson N.C., and Covington W.W. Slash pile burning effects on soil biotic and chemical properties and plant establishment: recommendations for amelioration. Restoration Ecology 12 (2004) 52-62
35. Laughlin D.C., Bakker J.D., and Fulé P.Z. Understorey plant community structure in lower montane and subalpine forests, Grand Canyon National Park, USA. Journal of Biogeography 32 (2005) 2083-2101
36. Laughlin D.C., Moore M.M., Bakker J.D., Casey C.A., Springer J.D., Fulé P.Z., and Covington W.W. Assessing targets for the restoration of herbaceous vegetation in ponderosa pine forests. Restoration Ecology 14 (2006) 548-560
37. Laughlin D.C., Bakker J.D., Daniels M.L., Moore M.M., Casey C.A., and Springer J.D. Restoring plant species diversity and community composition in a ponderosa pine-bunchgrass ecosystem. Plant Ecology 197 (2008) 139-151
38. Link S.O., Bolton Jr. H., Thiede M.E., and Rickard W.H. Response of downy brome to nitrogen and water. Journal of Range Management 48 (1995) 290-297
39. Mack R.N. Invasion of Bromus tectorum L. into Western North America: an ecological chronicle. Agro-Ecosystems 7 (1981) 145-165
40. McCann K.S. The diversity-stability debate. Nature 405 (2000) 228-233
41. McCune B., and Grace J.B. Analysis of Ecological Communities (2002), MjM Software Design, Gleneden, Oregon, USA
42. McCune, B., Mefford, M.J., 2006. PCORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 5.10. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.
43. McGlone C.M., Springer J.D., and Covington W.W. Cheatgrass encroachment on a ponderosa pine ecological restoration project in northern Arizona. Ecological Restoration 27 (2009) 37-46
44. Moore M.M., Casey C.A., Bakker J.D., Springer J.D., Fulé P.Z., Covington W.W., and Laughlin D.C. Herbaceous vegetation responses (1992-2004) to restoration treatments in a ponderosa pine forest. Rangeland Ecology and Management 59 (2006) 135-144
45. Moore M.M., Covington W.W., and Fulé P.Z. Reference conditions and ecological restoration: a southwestern ponderosa pine perspective. Ecological Applications 9 (1999) 1266-1277
46. Moore M.M., and Deiter D.A. Stand density index as a predictor of forage production in northern Arizona pine forests. Journal of Range Management 45 (1992) 267-271
47. Nakagawa S., and Cuthill I.G. Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: a practical guide for biologists. Biological Reviews 82 (2007) 591-605
48. Pierson E.A., and Mack R.N. The population biology of Bromus tectorum in forests: effect of disturbance, grazing, and litter on seedling establishment and reproduction. Oecologia 84 (1990) 526-533
49. Robichaud, P.R., Beyers, J.L., Neary, D.G., 2000. Evaluating the effectiveness of postfire rehabilitation treatments. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-63. Fort Collins, CO.
50. Roccaforte J.P., Fulé P.Z., and Covington W.W. Landscape-scale changes in canopy fuels and potential fire behavior following ponderosa pine restoration treatments. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17 (2008) 293-303
51. SAS Institute, Inc., 2004. JMP-IN Version 5.1.2, Statistical Analysis Software. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
52. SER, 2004. SER primer on ecological restoration. www.ser.org.
53. Springer J.D. Soil Seed Bank in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine: Implications for Ecological Restoration (1999), M.S. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
54. Stohlgren T.J., Otsuki Y., Villa C.A., Lee M., and Belnap J. Patterns of plant invasions: a case example in native species hotspots and rare habitats. Biological Invasions 3 (2001) 37-50
55. Stohlgren T.J., Barnett D.T., and Kartesz J.T. The rich get richer: patterns of plant invasions in the United States. Frontiers of Ecology and Environment 1 (2003) 11-14
56. Tilman D. Community invasibility, recruitment limitation, and grassland biodiversity. Ecology 78 (1997) 81-92
57. Tilman D., Knops J.M.H., Wedin D.A., Reich P.B., Ritchie M.E., and Siemann E. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem function. Science 277 (1997) 1300-1302
58. USDA NRCS, 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
59. USDI NPS, 1992. Western Region Fire Monitoring Handbook. Western Regional Office. San Francisco, CA.
60. Von Holle B., Delcourt H.R., and Simberloff D. The importance of biological inertia in plant community resistance to invasion. Journal of Vegetation Science 14 (2003) 425-432
61. Waltz A.E.M., Fulé P.Z., Covington W.W., and Moore M.M. Diversity in ponderosa pine forest structure following ecological restoration treatments. Forest Science 49 (2003) 885-900
62. Weaver H. Fire and an ecological factor in the southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Journal of Forestry 49 (1951) 93-98
63. Whisenant, S., 1990. Changing fire frequencies on Idaho's Snake River plains: ecological and management implications. In: McArthur, E.D., Romney, E.M., Smith, S.D., Tueller, P.T. (Eds.), Symposium on Cheatgrass Invasion, Shrub Die-off, and Other Aspects of Shrub Biology and Management. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station General Technical Report INT-276, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 4-10.
64. Wienk C.L., Sieg C.H., and McPherson G.R. Evaluating the role of cutting treatments, fire and soil seed banks in an experimental framework in ponderosa pine forests of the Black Hills, South Dakota. Forest Ecology and Management 192 (2004) 375-393
65. Young J.A., and Evans R.D. Population dynamics after wildfires in sagebrush grasslands. Journal of Range Management 31 (1978) 283-289
66. Youngblood A., Metlen K.L., and Coe K. Changes in stand structure and composition after restoration treatments in low elevation dry forests of northeastern Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management 234 (2006) 143-163