Exposure assessment of particulates of diesel and natural gas fuelled buses in silico

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 408, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 163-168

  Pietikäinen, Mari ^a   Oravisjärvi, Kati ^a   Rautio, Arja ^a   Voutilainen, Arto ^b   Ruuskanen, Juhani ^b   Keiski, Riitta L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

Human lung deposition model; Modelling; Natural gas; Particulate matter; Petroleum diesel; Pulmonary deposition

Indexed keywords

HUMAN LUNG DEPOSITION MODEL; MODELLING; PARTICULATE MATTER; PETROLEUM DIESEL; PULMONARY DEPOSITION;

AUTOMOBILE ENGINES; BIOLOGICAL ORGANS; BUSES; CATALYSIS; CATALYSTS; DEPOSITION; DYNAMOMETERS; GAS EMISSIONS; GAS INDUSTRY; LEAKAGE (FLUID); MATLAB; NATURAL GAS; OXIDATION; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; RESPIRATORY MECHANICS; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM;

DIESEL ENGINES;

DIESEL FUEL; NATURAL GAS; PETROLEUM;

ASSESSMENT METHOD; BUS TRANSPORT; CATALYST; DIESEL; GAS EXCHANGE; NATURAL GAS; NUMERICAL MODEL; OXIDATION; PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TESTING METHOD;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; CATALYST; COMPUTER MODEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EXHAUST GAS; LUNG GAS EXCHANGE; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

AIR POLLUTANTS; CATALYSIS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FOSSIL FUELS; GASOLINE; HUMANS; LUNG; MOTOR VEHICLES; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; RISK ASSESSMENT; VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

EID: 70350422324     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.032     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Babu A.K., and Devaradjane G. Vegetable oils and their derivatives as fuels for CI Engines: an overview. SAE Tech Pap Ser (2003) 2003-01-0767
2. Bergmann R., Hofmann W., and Koblinger L. Particle deposition in the human lung: comparison between Monte Carlo and ICRP model predictions. J Aerosol Sci 28 (1997) S433-S434
3. Brunekreef B., and Holgate S.T. Air pollution and health (review). Lancet 360 (2002) 1233-1242
4. Burtscher H. Physical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: a review. J Aerosol Sci 36 (2005) 896-932
5. Clark N.N., Gautam M., Rapp B.L., Lyons D.W., Graboski M.S., McCormick R.L., et al. Diesel and CNG transit bus emissions characterization by two chassis dynamometer laboratories: results and issues. SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. (1999) 1999-01-1469. p. 1-11
6. Cohen A.J., and Nikula K. The health effects of diesel exhaust. In: Holgate S.T., Samet J.M., Koren H.S., and Maynard R.L. (Eds). Air pollution and health (1999), Academic Press, San Diego 707-745
7. Commission of the European communities. Commission staff working paper, Annex to: The Communication on Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution, and The Directive on "Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe", Impact Assessment {COM(2005)446 final} {COM(2005)447 final}. Brussels, 2005. SEC (2005) 1133.
8. DieselNet. Online information service on clean diesel engines and diesel emissions. Available at: http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/cycles/braunschweig.html. Accessed October 23, 2008.
9. Donaldson K., Stone V., Clouter A., Renwick L., and MacNee W. Ultrafine particles. Occup Environ Med 58 (2001) 211-216
10. Donaldson K., Stone V., Seaton A., and MacNee W. Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system: potential mechanisms. Environ Health Persp 109 suppl 4 (2001) 523-527
11. Dunbar C., Scheuch G., Sommerer K., DeLong M., Verma A., and Batycky R. In vitro and in vivo dose delivery characteristics of large porous particles for inhalation. Int J Pharm 245 (2002) 179-189
12. Greenwood S.J., Coxon J.E., Biddulph T., and Bennet J. An investigation to determine the exhaust particulate size distribution for diesel, petrol, and compressed natural gas fuelled vehicles. SAE Tech Pap Ser 961085 (1996) 105-111
13. Hinds W.C. Respiratory deposition. In: Hinds W.C. (Ed). Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles (1999), John Wiley & Sons, New York 233-259
14. Hosiokangas J., Vallius M., Ruuskanen J., Mirme A., and Pekkanen J. Resuspended dust episodes as an urban air-quality problem in subarctic regions. Scand J Work Environ Health 30 suppl 2 (2004) 28-35
15. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection (ICRP publication 66) (1994), Elsevier Science, Oxford (UK
16. Jung H., Kittelson D.B., and Zachariah M.R. Characteristics of SME biodiesel-fueled diesel particle emissions and the kinetics of oxidation. Environ Sci Technol 40 (2006) 4949-4955
17. Kerminen V.-M., Mäkelä T.E., Ojanen C.H., Hillamo R.E., Vilhunen J.K., Rantanen L., et al. Characterization of the particulate phase in the exhaust from a diesel car. Environ Sci Technol 31 (1997) 1883-1889
18. Kittelson D.B. Engines and nanoparticles: a review. J Aerosol Sci 29 (1998) 575-588
19. Löndahl J., Pagels J., Swietlicki E., Zhou J., Ketzel M., Massling A., et al. A set-up for field studies of respiratory tract deposition of fine and ultrafine particles in humans. J Aerosol Sci 37 (2006) 1152-1163
20. 222Rn progeny. J Environ Radioactiv 61 (2002) 305-318
21. Nylund N.-O., Erkkilä K., Lappi M., and Ikonen M. Transit bus emission study: comparison of emissions from diesel and natural gas buses (2004), Technical Research Centre of Finland Research report, PRO3/P5150/04
22. Oberdörster G., Sharp Z., Atudorei V., Elder A., and Gelein R. Kreyling W and Cox C (2004) translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhal Toxicol 16 (2004) 437-445
23. Pocock G., and Richards C.D. Human physiology the basis of medicine (2004), Oxford University Press, New York
24. Pooley F.D., and Mille M. Composition of air pollution particles. In: Holgate S.T., Samet J.M., Koren H.S., and Maynard R.L. (Eds). Air pollution and health (1999), Academic Press, San Diego 619-634
25. Quality of Urban Air Review Group. Airborne Particulate Matter in the United Kingdom. ISBN09520771 3 2 (1996), University of Birginham Quality of Urban Air Review Group, Birginham
26. Rabl A. Environmental benefits of natural gas for buses. Transportation Research 7 Part D (2002) 391-405
27. Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens. Bilan des Experimentations Bus Ecologiques (Results of tests of ecological buses). Document de synthèse, RATP, Matérriel Roulant Bus (2000), RATP, Paris
28. Rönkkö T., Virtanen A., Vaaraslahti K., Keskinen J., Pirjola L., and Lappi M. Effect of dilution conditions and driving parameters on nucleation mode particles in diesel exhaust: laboratory and on-road study. Atmos Environ 40 (2006) 2893-2901
29. Samaras Z., Coffey R., Kyriakis N., Koufodimos G., Weber F.-J., Hassel D., et al. Methodologies for estimating air pollutant emissions from transport: emission factors for future road vehicles (1998), Aristotle University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thessaloniki Report No:9829 for contract ST-96-SC.204 European Commission/DG VII
30. Schröder O., Krahl J., Munack A., and Bünger J. Environmental and health effects caused by the use of biodiesel. SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. (1999) 1999-01-3561. p. 89-99.
31. Stuart B.O. Deposition and clearance of inhaled particles. Environ Health Perspect 16 (1976) 41-53
32. Taylor K. Pulmonary drug delivery. In: Aulton M.E. (Ed). Pharmaceutics: the science of dosage form design. 2nd Ed. (2002), Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 473-488
33. Turrio-Baldassarri L., Battistelli C.L., Conti L., Crebelli R., De Berardis B., Iamiceli A.L., et al. Evaluation of emission toxicity of urban bus engines: compressed natural gas and comparison with liquid fuels. Sci Total Environ. 355 (2006) 64-77
34. van Gulijk C., Marijnissen M., Makkee J.A., Moulijn J.A., and Schmidt-Ott A. Measuring diesel soot with a scanning mobility particle sizer and an electrical low-pressure impactor: performance assessment with a model for fractal-like agglomerates. J Aerosol Sci 35 (2004) 633-655
35. Voutilainen A. Statistical inversion methods for the reconstruction of aerosol size distributions. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki, 2001. Doctoral dissertation, 139 p.
36. Voutilainen A., Kaipio J.P., Pekkanen J., Timonen K., and Ruuskanen J. Theoretical analysis of the influence of aerosol size distribution and physical activity on particle deposition pattern in human lungs. Scand J Work Environ Health 30 suppl 2 (2004) 73-79