Chapter 3 Electrothermal vaporization sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 34, Issue , 2000, Pages 347-444

  Grégoire, D Conrad ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70350309856     PISSN: 0166526X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-526X(00)34005-3     Document Type: Review

References (194)

1. Translated from Russian in. L'vov B.V. Investigation of atomic absorption spectra by complete vaporization of the sample in a graphite cuvette. Spectrochim. Acta 39B (1984) 159-166
2. Translated from Russian in. L'vov B.V. Investigation of atomic absorption spectra by complete vaporization of the sample in a graphite cuvette. Inzh. Fiz, Zh., No. 2 (1959) 44
3. Nixon D.E., Fassel V.A., and Kniseley R.N. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission analytical spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 46 (1974) 210-213
4. Gray A.L., and Date A.R. Inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry using continuum flow ion extraction. Analyst 108 (1983) 1033-1050
5. Gray A.L. Mass spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma as an ion source: the influence on ultratrace analysis of background and matrix response. Spectrochim. Acta 41B (1986) 151-167
6. Date A.R., and Cheung Y.Y. Studies in the determination of lead isotope ratios by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analyst 112 (1987) 1531-1540
7. Park C.J. Feasibility study of an electrothermal vaporizer inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system. Ph.D. Thesis (1985), University of Toronto, Cambridge 144
8. Park C.J., and Hall G.E.M. Electrothermal vaporization as a means of sample introduction into an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer: a preliminary report of a new analytical technique. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 86-1B (1986) 767-773
9. Park C.J., Van Loon J.C., Arrowsmith P., and French J.B. Sample analysis using plasma source mass spectrometry with electrothermal sample introduction. Anal. Chem. 59 (1987) 2191-2196
10. Park C.J., Van Loon J.C., Arrowsmith P., and French J.B. Design and optimization of an electrothermal vaporizer for use in plasma source mass spectrometry. Can. J. Spectrosc. 32 (1987) 29-36
11. Park C.J., and Hall G.E.M. Analysis of geological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy with sample introduction by electrothermal vaporization; Part 1: Determination of Mo and W. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2 (1987) 473-480
12. Park C.J., and Hall G.E.M. Analysis of geological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with sample introduction by electrothermal vaporization; Part 2: Determination of Tl. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 3 (1998) 355-361
13. Hall G.E.M., Pelchat J.-C., Boomer D.W., and Powell M. Relative merits of two methods of sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: electrothermal vaporization and direct sample insertion. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 3 (1988) 791-797
14. Grégoire D.C. Determination of platinum, palladium, ruthenium and iridium in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with sample introduction by electrothermal vaporization. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 3 (1988) 309-314
15. Sen Gupta J.G., and Grégoire D.C. Determination of ruthenium, palladium and iridium in 27 international reference silicate and ironformation rocks, ores and related materials by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Geostandards Newsletter 13 (1989) 197-204
16. Grégoire D.C. Sample introduction techniques for the determination of osmium isotope ratios by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 62 (1990) 141-146
17. Falkner K.K., and Edmond J.M. Determination of gold at femtomolar levels in natural waters by flow injection inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 62 (1990) 1477-1481
18. Imakita T., Horii H., Kawamura T., and Narita K. Determination of trace amount of bismuth in iron and steel by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with sample introduction by electrothermal vaporization. Tetsu to Hagane 77 (1991) 212-218
19. Hall R.J.B., James M.R., Wayman T., and Hulmston P. The feasibility of the use of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of femtogram levels of plutonium and uranium. Spec. Pub. R. Soc. Chem. 85 (1990) 145-154
20. Matsunaga H., Hirate N., and Nishikida K. Determination of trace amounts of uranium and thorium in silicon and silicon dioxide by electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS. Bunseki Kagaku 38 (1989) T21-T25
21. Beres S.A. The analysis of semiconductor grade hydrochloric acid by electrothermal vaporization ICP mass spectrometry (July, 1993), Perkin-Elmer Publication EAR-1
22. Newman R.A., Osborn S., and Siddik Z.H. Determination of tellurium in biological fluids by means of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). Clin. Chim. Acta. 179 (1989) 191-196
23. Whittaker P.G., Lind T., Williams J.G., and Gray A.L. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination of the absorption of iron in normal women. Analyst 114 (1989) 675-678
24. Osborne S.P. Quantitation of mercury in petroleum by ETV-ICP-MS. Appl. Spectrosc. 44 (1990) 1044-1046
25. Richner P., and Wunderli S. Differentiation between organic and inorganic chlorine by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: application to the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in waste oils. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 8 (1993) 45-49
26. Tsukahara R., and Kubota M. Some characteristics of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with sample introduction by tungsten furnace electrothermal vaporization. Spectrochim. Acta. 45B (1990) 779-787
27. Shibata N., Fudagawa N., and Kubota M. Electrothermal vaporization using a tungsten furnace for the determination of rare-earth elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 63 (1991) 636-640
28. Shibata N., Fudagawa N., and Kubota M. Effects of hydrogen mixed with argon carrier gas on electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta. 47B (1992) 505-516
29. Shibata N., Fudagawa N., and Kubota M. Oxide formation in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta. 48B (1993) 1127-1137
30. Shen W.-L., Caruso J.A., Fricke F.L., and Satzger R.D. Electrothermal vaporization interface for sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 5 (1990) 451-455
31. Carey J.M., Evans E.H., Caruso J.A., and Shen W.-L. Evaluation of a modified commercial graphite furnace for reduction of isobaric interferences in argon inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta. 46B (1991) 1711-1721
32. Grégoire D.C., Lamoureux M., Chakrabarti C.L., Al-Maawali S., and Byrne J.P. Electrothermal vaporization for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry: symbiotic analytical techniques. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 7 (1992) 79
33. Byrne J.P., Chakrabarti C.L., Grégoire D.C., Lamoureux M., and Ly T. Mechanism of chloride interferences in atomic absorption spectrometry using a graphite furnace atomizer investigated by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Part 1: Effect of magnesium chloride matrix and ascorbic acid chemical modifier on manganese. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 7 (1992) 371-381
34. Byrne J.P., Lamoureux M.M., Chakrabarti C.L., Ly T., and Grégoire D.C. Mechanism of chloride interferences in atomic absorption spectrometry using a graphite furnace atomizer investigated by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Part 2: Effect of sodium chloride matrix and ascorbic acid chemical modifier on manganese. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 8 (1993) 599-609
35. Ima S.I., Nishiyama Y., Tanaka T., and Hayashi T. Investigation of pyrolysed ascorbic acid in an electrothermal graphite furnace by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and raman spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 10 (1995) 439-442
36. Ida I., Isobe K., Ishibashi Y., and Gunju N. Application of electrothermal vaporization for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Tetsu to Hagane 77 (1991) 204-211
37. Darke S.A., Pickford C.J., and Tyson J.F. Study of electrothermal vaporization sample introduction for plasma spectrometry. Anal. Proc. 26 (1989) 379-381
38. Hulmston P., and Hutton R.C. Analytical capabilities of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectroscopy 6 (1991) 35-38
39. Beres S., Thomas R., Denoyer E., and Bruckner P. The benefits of electrothermal vaporization for minimizing interferences in ICP-MS. Spectroscopy 9 (1994) 20-26
40. Voellkopf U., Guensel A., Paul M., and Wiesmann H. Applications of ICP-MS with sample introduction by electrothermal vaporization and flow injection techniques. In: Holland G., and Eaton A.N. (Eds). Applications of Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry (1991), Royal Society of Chemistry 162-177
41. Marshall J., and Franks J. Multielement analysis and reduction of spectral interferences using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. At. Spectrom. 11 (1990) 177-186
42. Hoffmann E., Lüdke C., and Scholze H. Electrothermal vaporization for simultaneous multi-element determination. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9 (1994) 1237-1241
43. Gray D.J., Wang S., and Brown R. Stability and sensitivity enhancement using ETV-ICP-MS. Appl. Spectrosc. 48 (1994) 1316-1320
44. Hughes D.M., Chakrabarti C.L., Goltz D.M., Grégoire D.C., Sturgeon R.E., and Byrne J.P. Seawater as a multi-component physical carrier for ETV-ICP-MS. Spectrochim. Acta 50B (1995) 425-440
45. Nonose N., Matsuda N., Fudagawa N., and Kubota E. Signal enhancement effect of halogen matrix in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 51B (1996) 1551-1565
46. Grünke K., Stärk H.-J., Wennrich R., and Ortner H.M. An investigation of different modifiers in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 359 (1997) 465-468
47. Ediger R.D., and Beres S.A. The role of chemical modifiers in analyte transport loss interferences with electrothermal vaporization ICP mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 47B (1992) 907-922
48. Grégoire D.C., Al-Maawali S., and Chakrabarti C.L. Use of Mg/Pd chemical modifiers for the determination of volatile elements by electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS: Effect on mass transport efficiency. Spectrochim. Acta 47B (1992) 1123-1132
49. Grégoire D.C., and Sturgeon R.E. Analyte transport efficiency with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 54B (1999) 773-786
50. Fonseca R.W., and Miller-Ihli N.J. Analyte transport studies of aqueous solutions and slurry samples using electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS. Appl. Spectrosc. 10 (1995) 1403-1410
51. Sparks C.M., Holcombe J.A., and Pinkston T.L. Sample Retention in the Transport Tubing Between an Electrothermal Vaporizer and an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. Appl. Spectrosc. 50 (1996) 86-90
52. Sparks C.M., Holcombe J., and Pinkston T.L. Particle size distribution of sample transported from an electrothermal vaporizer to an inductively coupled plasmas mass spectrometer. Spectrochim. Acta 48B (1993) 1607-1615
53. Grégoire D.C., and Sturgeon R.E. Background spectral features in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: molecular ions resulting from the use of chemical modifiers. Spectrochim. Acta 48B (1993) 1347-1364
54. Byrne J.P., Goltz D.M., Grégoire D.C., and Chakrabarti C.L. Vaporization and atomization of boron in the graphite furnace investigated by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 49B (1994) 433-443
55. Byrne J.P., Hughes D.M., Chakrabarti C.J., and Grégoire D.C. Mechanism of tungsten volatilization in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9 (1994) 913-917
56. McIntyre R.St.C., Grégoire D.C., and Chakrabarti C.L. Vaporization of radium and other alkaline earth elements in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 547-551
57. Byrne J.P., McIntyre R.St.C., Benyounes M.E., Grégoire D.C., and Chakrabarti C.L. Determination of chromium by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectrosc. 42 (1997) 95-101
58. Goltz D.M., Grégoire D.C., and Chakrabarti C.L. Mechanism of vaporization of yttrium and rare earth elements in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 50B (1995) 1365-1382
59. Byrne J.P., and Carambassis A.L. Vaporization and atomization of neodymium in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 51B (1996) 87-96
60. Goltz D.M., Grégoire D.C., Byrne J.P., and Chakrabarti C.L. Vaporization and atomization of uranium in a graphite tube electrothermal vaporizer: a mechanistic study using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 50B (1995) 803-814
61. Lamoureux M.M., Chakrabarti C.L., Hutton J.C., Gilmutdinov A.Kh., Zakharov Y.A., and Grégoire D.C. Mechanism of aluminum spike formation and dissipation in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 50B (1995) 1847-1867
62. Byrne J.P., Grégoire D.C., Benyounes M.E., and Chakrabarti C.L. Vaporization and atomization of the platinum group elements in the graphite furnace investigated by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 52B (1997) 1575-1586
63. Hughes D.M., Grégoire D.C., Naka H., and Chakrabarti C.L. The vaporization of phosphorous and the use of chemical modifiers for the determination of phosphorus by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 52B (1997) 517-529
64. Grégoire D.C., and Naka H. Mechanism of vaporization of sulfur in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 10 (1995) 823-828
65. Grégoire D.C., Goltz D.M., Lamoureux M.M., and Chakrabarti C.L. Vaporization of acids and their effect on analyte signal pulses in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9 (1994) 919-926
66. Grégoire D.C. Application of isotope ratios determined by ICP-MS to earth science studies. Prog. Anal. Spectrosc. 12 (1989) 433-452
67. Grégoire D.C., and Lee J. Determination of cadmium and zinc isotope ratios in sheep's blood and organ tissue by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9 (1994) 393-397
68. Sturgeon R.E., Grégoire D.C., Willie S.N., Zheng J., and Kudo A. Determination of ultratrace levels of heavy metals in arctic snow by ETV-ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 8 (1993) 1053-1058
69. Grégoire D.C., Ansdell K.M., Goltz D.M., and Chakrabarti C.L. Trace analysis of single zircons for rare earth elements, U and Th by electrothermal vaporization ICP mass spectrometry. Chem. Geol. 124 (1995) 91-99
70. Grégoire D.C., Miller-Ihli N.J., and Sturgeon R.E. Direct analysis of solids by ultrasonic slurry electrothermal vaporization ICP mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9 (1994) 610-615
71. Williams J.G. In: Jarvis K.E., Gray A.L., and Houk R.S. (Eds). Handbook of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (1992), Blackie, London 81-98
72. Carey J.M., and Caruso J.A. Electrothermal vaporization for sample introduction in plasma source spectrometry. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 23 (1992) 397-439
73. Marawi I., Olson L.K., Wang J., and Caruso J.A. Utilization of metallic platforms in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 10 (1995) 7-14
74. Goltz D.M., Grégoire D.C., and Chakrabarti C.L. Characterization and evaluation of Mo, Ta, Re and W metal vaporization surfaces for electrothermal vaporization ICP mass spectrometry. Can. J. Appl. Spectrocs. 41 (1996) 70-76
75. Karanassios V., Drouin P., and Reynolds G.G. Electrically heated wireloop in-torch vaporization (ITV) sample introduction system for ICP-AES with photomultiplier tube detection and ICP-MS. Spectrochim. Acta 50B (1995) 415-423
76. Grégoire D.C., and Chakrabarti C.L. Atomization from a tantalum surface in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 37B (1982) 611-623
77. In: Bailar Jr. J.C., Emeleus H.J., Nyholm S.R., and Trotman-Dickenson A.F. (Eds). Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry 3 (1973), Pergamon Press, London
78. Hansen M. Constitution of Binary Alloys. 2nd Edn (1958), McGraw-Hill Book Co., Oxford
79. Gunn A.M., Millard D.L., and Kirkbright G.F. Optical emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled radio-frequency argon plasma source and sample introduction with a graphite electrothermal vaporization device. Part I. Instrumentation assembly and performance characteristics. Analyst 103 (1978) 1066-1073
80. Grégoire D.C., and Park C.J. Versatile spray chamber for alternate sample introduction techniques in ICP mass spectrometry. Can. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 37 (1992) 115-118
81. Yamanaka K., Kawaguchi Y., Kawabata K., and Potter D. Optimization studies in ETV-ICP-MS. Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies. October 17-22, Detroit, MI. Paper #336 (1993)
82. Lamoureux M.M. A multi-technique strategy for study of some mechanisms of atom formation and dissipation in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Ph.D. thesis (1993), Carleton University, Toronto 233
83. Lamoureux M.M., Chakrabarti C.L., Goltz D.M., and Grégoire D.C. Modification of a commercial electrothermal vaporizer for sample introduction into an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Part 1. Characterization. Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 3208-3216
84. Lamoureux M.M., Chakrabarti C.L., Goltz D.M., and Grégoire D.C. Modification of a commercial electrothermal vaporizer for sample introduction into an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Part 2. Performance evaluation. Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 3217-3222
85. th International Symposium on Microchemical Techniques. Wiesbaden, FRG (Aug. 28 to Sept. 1, 1989)
86. Slavin W. A comparison of atomic spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopy 6 (1991) 16-21
87. Slavin W. Graphite Furnace AAS, A Source Book (1984), Perkin-Elmer Corporation 229
88. Tsalev D.L., Slaveykova V.I., and Mandjukov P.B. Chemical modification in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta Rev. 13 (1990) 225-274
89. Jakubowski N., Feldmann I., and Stuewar D. Diagnostic investigations of aerosols with varying water content in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 8 (1993) 969-977
90. Tan S.H., and Horlick G. Background spectral features in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Appl. Spectrosc. 40 (1986) 445-460
91. Björn E., Frech W., Hoffman E., and Lüdke C. Investigation and quantification of spectroscopic interferences from polyatomic species in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using electrothermal vaporization or pneumatic nebulization for sample introduction. Spectrochim. Acta 53B (1998) 1765-1776
92. McLaren J.W., Beauchemin D., and Berman S.S. Analysis of the marine sediment material pacs-1 by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 43B (1988) 413-420
93. Gilmutdinov A.Kh., Grégoire D.C., Sturgeon R.E., Chakrabarti C.L., and Staroverov A.E. Kinetics of carbon vaporization from a graphite furnace investigated by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 49B (1994) 1007-1026
94. Karanassios V., and Horlick G. Background spectral characteristics in direct sample insertion inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 44B (1989) 1361-1385
95. Styris D.L., and Redfield D.A. Perspectives on mechanism of electrothermal atomization. Spectrochim. Acta Rev. 15 (1993) 71-123
96. Sturgeon R.E., and Chakrabarti C.L. Recent advances in electrothermal atomization in graphite furnace AAS. Prog. Anal. At. Spectrosc. 1 (1978) 5-176
97. In: Lide D.R. (Ed). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 74th Edn (1993), CRC Press, Norwalk, CT
98. Analytiktreffen., Nov. 8-12, Neubrandenburg Abstracts. Frech W., Cedergren A., and Lundberg E. Vapour phase interference in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (1982) 102
99. Kirkbright G.F., and Snook R.D. Volatilization of refractory compound forming elements from a graphite electrothermal vaporization device for sample introduction into an inductively coupled plasma. Anal. Chem. 51 (1979) 1938-1941
100. Ediger R.D. The Challenge of the Successful ETV-ICP-MS Analysis. Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies. Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A., Sept. 20-25. paper #675 (1992)
101. Majidi V., and Miller-Ihli N.J. Influence of graphite substrate on analyte signals in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 53B (1998) 965-980
102. Wei W.-C., Chen C.-J., and Yang H.-M. Determination of boron using mannitol assisted electrothermal vaporization for sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 10 (1995) 955-961
103. Wanner B., Richner P., and Magyar B. The role of modifiers in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) for the determination of B, La and U. Spectrochim. Acta 51B (1996) 817-827
104. Fonseca R.W., and Miller-Ihli N.J. Influence of sample matrix components on the selection of calibration strategies in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 51B (1996) 1591-1599
105. Grégoire D.C. Perspectives on research in electrothermal vaporization icp mass spectrometry. Trends Appl. Spectrosc. 1 (1993) 313-324
106. Kántor T. Interpreting some analytical characteristics of thermal dispersion methods used for sample introduction in atomic spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 42B (1988) 1299
107. Grünke K., Stärk H.-J., and Ortner H.M. Removal of water and hydrogen from graphite tubes investigated by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 52B (1997) 1545-1550
108. Langer D., Pineda G., and Holcombe J.A. Analyte Transport in ETV-ICP-MS: A Look at the Carriers. 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. Paper M11 (January 5-10, 1998)
109. Fonseca R.W., Miller-Ihli N.J., Sparks C., Holcombe J.A., and Shaver B. Effect of oxygen ashing on analyte transport efficiency using ETV-ICP-MS. Appl. Spectrosc. 51 (1997) 1800-1806
110. Kántor T., and Güçer S. Efficiency of sample introduction into inductively coupled plasma by graphite furnace electrothermal vaporization. Spectrochim. Acta 54B (1999) 763-772
111. rd European Furnace Symposium. Prague, Czech Republic. Paper O6 (June 14-18, 1998)
112. Barth P., Hauptkorn S., and Krivan V. Improved slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization system using a tungsten coil for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 1351-1358
113. Schäffer U., and Krivan V. A graphite furnace electrothermal vaporization system for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 482-490
114. Grégoire D.C. The effect of easily ionizable concomitant elements on non-spectroscopic interferences in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 42B (1987) 895-907
115. Grégoire D.C. Influence of instrument parameters on non-spectroscopic interferences in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Appl. Spectrosc. 41 (1987) 897-903
116. Alary J.-F., and Salin E.D. Quantitation of water and plasma diagnosis for electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: The use of argon and argide polyatomics as probing species. Spectrochim. Acta 53B (1998) 1705-1721
117. Hall G.E.M., and Pelchat J.C. Determination of palladium and platinum in fresh waters by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and activated charcoal preconcentration. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 8 (1993) 1059-1065
118. Pinkston T.L. Multi-Element Determination of Trace Contaminants in Photoresist Materials by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Future Prac. Contam. Control, Proceedings Int. Symp. Cont. Control 11 (1992) 535-540
119. Etoh T., Yamada M., and Matsubara M. Electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS (ETV-ICP-MS) determination of impurities in photoresist for very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI). Anal. Sci. 7 (1991) 1263-1264
120. Manninen P.K.G. Determination of extractable organic chlorine by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9 (1994) 209-211
121. -1 levels of lead in human plasma. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9 (1994) 1233-1236
122. Argentine M.D., and Barnes R.M. Electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the analysis of semiconductor grade organometallic materials and process chemicals. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9 (1994) 1371-1378
123. Hub W., and Amphlett H. Application of ETV-ICP-MS in semiconductor process control. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 350 (1994) 587-592
124. Richner P., Evans D., Wahrenberger C., and Dietrich V. Applications of laser ablation and electrothermal vaporization as sample introduction techniques for ICP-MS. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 350 (1994) 235-241
125. Ruth K., Schmidt P., Coria J., and Mori E. Silicon wafer surface analysis by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). Proc. Electrochem. Soc. 94 (1994) 565-572
126. Wang J., Carey J.M., and Caruso J.A. Direct analysis of solid samples by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 49B (1994) 193-203
127. Sturgeon R.E., and Grégoire D.C. Electrothermal vaporisation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection of As, Sb, Se, Bi and Sn following preconcentration by in-situ collection of their hydrides. Spectrochim. Acta 49B (1994) 1335-1345
128. Marawi I., Wang J., and Caruso J.A. Graphite furnace hydride preconcentration and subsequent detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 291 (1994) 127-136
129. Santosa S.J., and Tanaka S. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for sequential determination of trace metals in rain and river waters using electrothermal vaporization. Anal. Lett. 28 (1995) 509-534
130. Wei W.-C., and Yang M.-H. Determination of phosphorus and arsenic in trichlorosilane by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with prior concentration by cuprous chloride. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 353 (1995) 167-170
131. Vanhaecke F., Gelaude L., Moens L., and Dams R. Solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the direct determination of Hg in sludge samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 383 (1999) 253-261
132. Ren J.M., Rattray R., Salin E.D., and Grégoire D.C. Assessment of direct solid sample analysis by graphite pellet electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 10 (1995) 1027-1029
133. Vanhaecke F., Boonen S., Moens L., and Dams R. Solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of arsenic in standard reference materials of plant origin. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 10 (1995) 81-87
134. Moens L., Verrept P., Boonen S., Vanhaecke F., and Dams R. Solid sampling electrothermal vaporization for sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 50B (1995) 463-475
135. + signal as a diagnostic tool in solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 10 (1995) 1047-1052
136. Komoda M., Chiba K., and Uchida H. Determination of trace impurities in silicon wafer surface by isotope dilution analysis using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Lett. 12 (1996) 21-25
137. Berryman N., and Probst U. Parameter optimization of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for oligoelement determination in standard reference materials. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 355 (1996) 783-788
138. Laly S., Nakagawa K., Arimura T., and Kimijima T. Optimization of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry conditions for the determination of iron, copper, nickel and zinc in semiconductor grade acids. Spectrochim. Acta 51B (1996) 1393-1401
139. Naka H., and Grégoire D.C. Determination of trace amounts of sulfur in steel by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 11 (1996) 359-363
140. Hastings D.W., Emerson S.R., and Nelson B.K. Determination of picogram quantities of vanadium in calcite and seawater by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with electrothermal vaporization. Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 371-377
141. Alvarado J.S., and Erickson M.D. Determination of long-lived radioisotopes using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 11 (1996) 923-928
142. Escobar M.P., Smith B.W., and Winefordner J.D. Determination of metallo-organic species in lubricating oil by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 320 (1996) 11-17
143. Chapple G., and Byrne J.P. Direct determination of trace metals in seawater using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 11 (1996) 549-553
144. Chapple G. The Determination of Trace Metals in Seawater by Electrothermal Vaporisation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. M.Sc. Thesis (1998), University of Technology, Boca Raton, FL
145. Liaw M.-J., and Jiang S.-J. Determination of copper, cadmium and lead in sediment samples by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 11 (1996) 555-560
146. Boonen S., Vanhaecke F., Moens L., and Dams R. Direct determination of Se and As in solid certified reference materials using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 51B (1996) 271-278
147. Galbács G., Vanhaecke F., Moens L., and Dams R. Determination of cadmium in certified reference materials using solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microchem. J. 54 (1996) 272-286
148. Bitterli B., Cousin H., and Magyar B. Determination of metals in airborne particles by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 957-961
149. 90Sr by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). Radiochim. Acta 76 (1997) 191-195
150. Yu L., Koirtyohann R., Rueppel M.L., Skipor A.K., and Jacobs J.J. Simultaneous determination of aluminum, titanium and vanadium in serum by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 69-74
151. Chang C.-C., and Jiang S.-J. Determination of copper, cadmium and lead in biological samples by electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 75-80
152. Chang C.-C., and Jiang S.-J. Determination of Hg and Bi by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using vapor generation with in-situ preconcentration in a platinum coated furnace. Anal. Chim. Acta 353 (1997) 173-180
153. Moor C., Boll P., and Wiget S. Determination of impurities in micro-amounts of silver alloys by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) after in-situ digestion in the graphite tube. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 359 (1997) 404-406
154. Fairman B., and Catterick T. Simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium in aqueous matrices by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 863-866
155. Grégoire D.C., and Ballinas M. Direct determination of arsenic in fresh and saline waters by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 52B (1997) 75-82
156. Santosa S.J., Tanaka S., and Yamanaka K. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the sequential determination of trace metals in sea water after electrothermal vaporization of their dithiocarbamate complexes in methyl isobutyl ketone. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 357 (1997) 1122-1127
157. Santosa S.J., Tanaka S., and Yamanaka K. Sequential determination of trace metals in sea water by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after electrothermal vaporization of their dithiocarbamate complexes in methyl isobutyl ketone. Env. Mon. Asses. 44 (1997) 515-528
158. Liaw M.-J., Jiang S.-J., and Li Y.-C. Determination of mercury in fish samples by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 52B (1997) 779-785
159. Willie S.N., Grégoire D.C., and Sturgeon R.E. Determination of inorganic and total mercury in biological tissues by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analyst 122 (1997) 751-754
160. Hauptkorn S., Krivan V., Gercken B., and Pavel J. Determination of trace impurities in high-purity quartz by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 421-428
161. Hinds M.W., Grégoire D.C., and Ozaki E.A. Direct determination of volatile elements in nickel alloys by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 131-135
162. Vanhaecke F., Boonen S., Moens L., and Dams R. Isotope dilution as a calibration method for solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 125-130
163. Uggerud H.Th., and Lund W. Use of palladium and iridium as modifiers in the determination of arsenic and antimony by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, following in situ trapping of the hydrides. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12 (1997) 1169-1174
164. Pozebon D., Dressler V.L., and Curtius A.J. Determination of arsenic, selenium and lead by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using iridium-coated tubes. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 7-11
165. Hughes D.M., Grégoire D.C., Naka H., and Chakrabarti C.L. Determination of trace amounts of phosphorus in high purity iron by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 53B (1998) 1079-1085
166. McIntyre R.St.C., Grégoire D.C., and Chakrabarti C.L. The direct determination of radium in geological materials by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectroscopy 13 (1998) 19-24
167. Nonose N., and Kubota M. Determination of metal impurities in sulfamic acid by isotope dilution electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 151-156
168. Lee K.-H., Jiang S.-J., and Liu H.-W. Determination of mercury in urine by electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 1227-1231
169. Buseth E.B., Wibetoe G., and Martinsen I. Determination of endogenous concentrations of the lanthanides in body fluids and tissues using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 1039-1049
170. Pozebon D., Dressler V.L., and Curtius A.J. Determination of copper, lead, bismuth and selenium(IV) in sea-water by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after on-line separation. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 363-369
171. Rosland E., and Lund W. Direct determination of trace metals in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 1239-1244
172. Lee K.-H., Liu S.-H., and Jiang S.-J. Determination of cadmium and lead in urine by electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analyst 123 (1998) 1557-1560
173. Pozebon D., Dressler V.L., and Curtius A.J. Determination of trace elements in biological materials by ETV-ICP-MS after dissolution or slurry formation with tetramethylammonium hydroxide. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 1101-1105
174. Chen S.-F., and Jiang S.-J. Determination of cadmium, mercury and lead in soil samples by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 1113-1117
175. Li Y.-C., and Jiang S.-J. Determination of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in fish samples by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 359 (1998) 205-212
176. Mierzwa J., and Yang M.-H. Electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for determination of metal impurities in slurries of aluminum oxide. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 667-671
177. Chen S.-F., and Jiang S.-J. Determination of arsenic, selenium and mercury in fish samples by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 673-677
178. Galbács G., Kántor T., Moens L., and Dams R. Mass spectrometric studies of thermal decomposition products of reference materials for use in solid sampling atomic spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 53B (1998) 1335-1346
179. Turner J., Hill S.J., Evans H.E., and Fairman B. The use of ETV-IVP-MS for the determination of selenium in serum. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 14 (1999) 121-126
180. Lam J.W.H., Sturgeon R.E., and McLaren J.W. Ultra-trace determination of Se in sediments by electrothermal vaporizer-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: User of the ETV as a thermochemical reactor. Spectrochim. Acta 54B (1999) 443-453
181. Hu Y., Vanhaecke F., Moens L., Dams R., and Geuens I. Determination of ruthenium in photographic materials using solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 14 (1999) 589-592
182. Truscott J.B., Bromley L., Jones P., Evans E.H., Turner J., and Fairman B. Determination of natural uranium and thorium in environmental samples by ETV-ICP-MS after matrix removal by on-line solid phase extraction. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 14 (1999) 627-631
183. Vanhaecke F., Verstraete M., Moens L., Dams R., and Nekkers M. Determination of the palladium content in a solid plastic material by electrothermal vaporization ICP-mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). Anal. Commun. 36 (1999) 89-92
184. Li Y.-C., Jiang S.-J., and Chen S.-F. Determination of Ge, As, Se, Cd and Pb in plant materials by slurry sampling-electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 372 (1998) 365-372
185. Pozebon D., Dressler V.L., and Curtius A.J. Determination of Mo, U and B in waters by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta 47 (1998) 849-859
186. Baumann H. Solid sampling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-a survey. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 342 (1992) 907-916
187. Voellkopf U., Paul M., and Denoyer E. Analysis of solid samples by ICP mass spectrometry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 342 (1992) 917-923
188. Darke S.A., and Tyson J.F. Review of solid sampling introduction for plasma spectrometry and a comparison of results for laser ablation, electrothermal vaporization and slurry nebulization. Microchem. J. 50 (1994) 310-336
189. In: Kurfürst U. (Ed). Solid Sample Analysis; Direct and Slurry Sampling using GF-AAS and ETV-ICP (1998), Springer Verlag, Sydney, Australia 423
190. Olson L.K., Vela N.P., and Caruso J.A. Hydride generation electrothermal vaporization and liquid chromatography as sample introduction techniques for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta 50B (1995) 355-368
191. In: Montaser A. (Ed). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (1998), Wiley-VCH Publishers, Berlin 964
192. Mahoney P.P., Ray S.J., and Hieftje G.M. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry for elemental analysis. Appl. Spectrosc. 51 (1997) 16A-28A
193. Mahoney P.P., Ray S.J., Gangqiang L., and Hieftje G.M. Preliminary investigation of electrothermal vaporization sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 1378-1383
194. Grégoire D.C. Electrothermal vaporization sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Current status and future prospects. Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectrosc. 42 (1997) 1-9