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Volumn 11, Issue 20, 2009, Pages 4584-4587

Mechanistic comparison between Pd-catalyzed ligand-directed C-H chlorination and C-H acetoxylation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON; HYDROGEN; LIGAND; PALLADIUM; SUCCINIMIDE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 70349934422     PISSN: 15237060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ol901820w     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (126)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 32644440329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For reviews, see: (a)
    • For reviews, see: (a) Dick, A. R.; Sanford, M. S. Terahedron 2006, 62, 2439.
    • (2006) Terahedron , vol.62 , pp. 2439
    • Dick, A.R.1    Sanford, M.S.2
  • 28
    • 70349911895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (d)The identity of the ancillary ligands in the catalytic intermediates is not known; as a result, these ligands are represented as sticks.
  • 29
    • 37049033864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the oxidation of a Pd" model complex to PdIV with NCS, see
    • (e)For the oxidation of a Pd" model complex to PdIV with NCS, see: Whitfield, S. R.; Sanford, M. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129. 15142.
    • (2007) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.129 , pp. 15142
    • Whitfield, S.R.1    Sanford, M.S.2
  • 30
    • 70349929347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (f)2-Benzylpyridines were used in a previous mechanistic study of Pd-catalyzed C-H acetoxylation (ref 7b). However, these substrates reacted with NCS to form undesired benzylic chlorination side products.
  • 31
    • 70349931499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 catalyst.
  • 32
    • 70349909725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (h)The kinetic studies were ran at different concentrations (0.024 M for chlorination versus 0.048 M for acetoxylation) because the data for each reaction was significantly more reproducible under these conditions. However, the same kinetic orders and analogous Hammett trends were observed for chlorination at 0.048 M. See the Supporting Information.
  • 33
    • 70349921141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (i)Intermolecular primary KIE values between 3.58 and 1.85 were observed in the Pd-catalyzed C-H acetoxylation of 2-benzylpyridines (ref 7b).
  • 34
    • 70349923256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (j)Interpretation of the Hammett data is somewhat complicated by the conjugated biaryl system in 1, since substitution of Y and Z can influence the electronics of both the pyridine (which binds to the metal) and the orthoC-H bond (which undergoes activation). We note that the observed p value for C-H acetoxylation (+0.89 in MeCN) is reasonably similar to that reported for benzylpyridines (+1.40 in benzene, ref 7b), where the pyridine and aryl group are electronically isolated. Thus, we hypothesize that the effect observed here is predominantly due to pyridine electronics.
  • 37
    • 0042728760 scopus 로고
    • and references therein
    • (c)Ryabov, A. D. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 403, and references therein.
    • (1990) Chem. Rev. , vol.90 , pp. 403
    • Ryabov, A.D.1
  • 39
    • 34249691926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dimeric resting state followed by C-H activation at a dimeric intermediate is also possible based on the kinetic data for C-H chlorination. However, literature reports suggest that dimeric complexes like Pd2(X)4(L)2 only predominate in solution under conditions where L:[Pd]
    • (e)A dimeric resting state followed by C-H activation at a dimeric intermediate is also possible based on the kinetic data for C-H chlorination. However, literature reports suggest that dimeric complexes like Pd2(X)4(L)2 only predominate in solution under conditions where L:[Pd] < 2:1. Vicente, J.; Saura-Llamas, I. Comments lnorg. Chem. 2007, 28, 39.
    • (2007) Comments Lnorg. Chem , vol.28 , pp. 39
    • Vicente, J.1    Saura-Llamas, I.2
  • 40
    • 70349923258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (f)For examples of cyclometalation mechanisms analogous to path a, see ref 16c as well as:
  • 45
    • 70349909724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (e)For examples of cyclometalation mechanisms analogous to path b, see:
  • 48
    • 70349900570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 should to be fast and essentially quantitative, particularly at 70 °C See refs 16-18.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.