Vascular risk factors and cognitive functions in nondemented elderly individuals

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 196-206

  Wiederkehr, Sandra ^a   Laurin, Danielle ^a   Simard, Martine ^b   Verreault, René ^a   Lindsay, Joan ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

^b CENTRE DE RECHERCHE DE L INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE EN SANTÉ MENTALE DE QUÉBEC   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cerebrovascular disease; Cognitive impairment; Elderly

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; COGNITION; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY; VERBAL MEMORY;

EID: 70349690003     PISSN: 08919887     EISSN: 15525708     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0891988709335797     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Bowler JV, Steenhuis R., Hachinski V. Conceptual background to vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1999 ; 13 (suppl 3). S30 - S37.
2. Hachinski V., Bowler JV Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Neurology. 1993 ; 43 (2). 2159-2160.
3. Bowler JV, Hachinski V. Vascular cognitive impairment: a new approach to vascular dementia. Baillieres Clin Neurol. 1995 ; 4 (2). 357-376.
4. Devasenapathy A., Hachinski VC Vascular cognitive impairment. Curr Treat Opt Neurol. 2000 ; 2 (1). 61-71.
5. Gorelick PB Status of risk factors for dementia associated with stroke. Stroke. 1997 ; 28 (2). 459-463.
6. Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, et al. Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 ; 61 (11). 1166-1170.
7. Forette F., Seux ML, Staessen JA, et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet. 1998 ; 352 (9137). 1347-1351.
8. Bergmann C., Sano M. Cardiac risk factors and potential treatments in Alzheimergs disease. Neurol Res. 2006 ; 28 (6). 595-604.
9. Elmer PJ, Obarzanek E., Vollmer WM, et al. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on diet, weight, physical fitness, and blood pressure control: 18-month results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006 ; 144 (7). 485-495.
10. Elias MF, Wolf PA, DAgostino RB, et al. Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 ; 138 (6). 353-364.
11. Kilander L., Nyman H., Boberg M., Hansson L., Lithell H. Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men. Hypertension. 1998 ; 31 (3). 780-786.
12. Kivipelto M., Helkala EL, Hanninen T., et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study. Neurology. 2001 ; 56 (12). 1683-1689.
13. Kivipelto M., Ngandu T., Fratiglioni L., et al. Obesity and vascular risk factors at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2005 ; 62 (10). 1556-1560. (Pubitemid 41434560)
14. Launer LJ, Masaki K., Petrovitch H., et al. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995 ; 274 (23). 1846-1851.
15. Luchsinger JA, Reitz C., Honig LS, et al. Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2005 ; 65 (4). 545-551.
16. MacKnight C., Rockwood K., Awalt E., McDowell I. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia, Alzheimergs disease and vascular cognitive impairment in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2002 ; 14 (2). 77-83.
17. Ott A., Slooter AJ, Hofman A., et al. Smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimergs disease in a population-based cohort study: the Rotterdam Study. Lancet. 1998 ; 351 (9119). 1840-1843. (Pubitemid 28279707)
18. Thomas VS, Rockwood KJ Alcohol abuse, cognitive impairment, and mortality among older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 ; 49 (4). 415-420.
19. Xu WL, Qiu CX, Wahlin A., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen Project: a 6-year follow-up study. Neurology. 2004 ; 63 (7). 1181-1186. (Pubitemid 39350014)
20. Aleman A., Muller M., de Haan EHF, van der Schouw YT Vascular risk factors and cognitive function in a sample of independently living men. Neurobiol Aging. 2005 ; 26 (4). 485-490.
21. Kalmijn S., van Boxtel MPJ, Verschuren MWM, Jolles J., Launer LJ Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to cognitive performance in middle age. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 ; 156 (10). 936-944.
22. Knopman DS, Boland LL, Mosley T., et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults. Neurology. 2001 ; 56 (1). 42-48.
23. Pavlik V., Hyman D., Doody R. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive function in adults 30-59 years old: NHANES III. Neuroepidemiology. 2005 ; 24 (1-2). 42-50.
24. Pugh KG, Kiely DK, Milberg WP, Lipsitz LA Selective impairment of frontal-executive cognitive function in african americans with cardiovascular risk factors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 ; 51 (10). 1439-1444.
25. Saxby BK, McKeith IG, Ford GA, Wesnes K., Ford GA Effects of hypertension on attention, memory, and executive function in older adults. Health Psychol. 2003 ; 22 (6). 587-591.
26. Saxton J., Ratcliff G., Newman A., Fried L., Yee J., Kuller L. Cognitive test performance and presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease in the cardiovascular health study. Neuroepidemiology. 2000 ; 19 (6). 312-319.
27. Singh-Manoux A., Marmot M. High blood pressure was associated with cognitive function in middle-age in the Whitehall II study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005 ; 58 (12). 1308-1315.
28. Waldstein SR, Katzel LI Interactive relations of central versus total obesity and blood pressure to cognitive function. Int J Obes. 2006 ; 30 (1). 201-207.
29. Genest JJ, Cohn JS Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors: targeting high-risk individuals. Am J Cardiol. 1995 ; 76 (2). 8 A-20A.
30. Rockwood K., Brown M., Merry HR, et al. Societal costs of vascular cognitive impairment in older adults. Stroke. 2002 ; 33 (6). 1605-1609.
31. DAgostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1994 ; 25 (1). 40-43.
32. Newman AB, Arnold AM, Naydeck BL, et al. "Successful agingg": effect of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003 ; 163 (19). 2315-2322.
33. Wolf PA, DAgostino RB, Belanger AJ, et al. Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991 ; 22 (3). 312-318.
34. Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group. Canadian Study of Health and Aging: study methods and prevalence of dementia. Can Med Assoc J. 1994 ; 150 (6). 899-913.
35. Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group. The Canadian Study of Health and Aging: risk factors for Alzheimergs disease in Canada. Neurology. 1994 ; 44 (11). 2073-2080.
36. McDowell I, Newell C, ed. A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires. 2 nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press ; 1996.
37. Hébert R., Bravo G., Girouard D. Validation de ladaptation française du Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS). Revue de Gériatrie. 1992 ; 17 (8). 443-450.
38. Teng EL, Chui HC The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987 ; 48 (8). 314-318.
39. Graham JE, Rockwood K., Beattie BL, et al. Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population. Lancet. 1997 ; 349 (9068). 1793-1796.
40. Roth M., Tym E., Mountjoy CQ, et al. CAMDEX. A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia. Br J Psychiatry. 1986 ; 149: 698-709.
41. Tuokko H., Kristjansson E., Miller J. Neuropsychological detection of dementia: an overview of the neuropsychological component of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1995 ; 17 (3). 352-373.
42. American Psychiatric Association, ed. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised (DSM-III-R). Washington, DC: APA; 1987.
43. Laurin D., Verreault R., Lindsay J., MacPherson K., Rockwood K. Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol. 2001 ; 58 (3). 498-504. (Pubitemid 32217469)
44. Saunders AM, Roses AD Apolipoprotein E. 4 allele frequency, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and Alzheimergs disease. Stroke. 1993 ; 24 (9). 1416-1417.
45. Traykov L., Rigaud A. -S, Baudic S., et al. Apolipoprotein E4 allele frequency in demented and cognitively impaired patients with and without cerebrovascular disease. J Neurol Sci. 2002 ;203- 204: 177-181.
46. Qiu C., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurol. 2005 ; 4 (8). 487-499.
47. Ylikoski R., Ylikoski A., Raininko R., et al. Cardiovascular diseases, health status, brain imaging findings and neuropsychological functioning in neurologically healthy elderly individuals. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2000 ; 30 (2). 115-130.
48. Paul RH, Brickman AM, Cohen RA, et al. Cognitive status of young and older cigarette smokers: data from the international brain database. J Clin Neurosci. 2006 ; 13 (4). 457-465.
49. Rovio S., Kareholt I., Helkala E-L., et al. Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimergs disease. Lancet Neurol. 2005 ; 4 (11). 705-711. (Pubitemid 41457285)
50. Blain H., Vuillemin A., Blain A., Jeandel C. The preventive effects of physical activity in the elderly. Presse Med. 2000 ; 29 (22). 1240-1248. (Pubitemid 30435410)
51. Garrett KD, Browndyke JN, Whelihan W., et al. The neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia: comparisons to patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004 ; 19 (6). 745-757.
52. Vermeer SE, den Heijer T., Koudstaal PJ, et al. Incidence and risk factors of silent brain infarcts in the Population-Based Rotterdam Scan Study. Stroke. 2003 ; 34 (2). 392-396.
53. Lazarus R., Prettyman R., Cherryman G. White matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and their relationship with vascular risk factors in memory clinic attenders. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 ; 20 (3). 274-279.
54. Pugh KG, Lipsitz LA The microvascular frontal-subcortical syndrome of aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2002 ; 23 (3). 421-431.
55. Launer LJ The epidemiologic study of dementia: a lifelong quest ? Neurobiol Aging. 2005 ; 26 (3). 335-340.
56. Buschke H. Cued recall in amnesia. J Clin Neuropsychol. 1984 ; 6: 433-440.
57. Tuokko H., Vernon-Wilkinson R., Weir J., Beattie BL Cued recall and early identification of dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1991 ; 13: 871-879.
58. Benton AL Revised Visual Retention test: clinical and experimental applications. (4 th ed.). New York: Psychological Corporation ; 1974.
59. Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale. New-York, NY: Psychological Corporation ; 1974.
60. Satz P., Mogel S. An abbreviation of the WAIS for clinical use. J Clin Psychol. 1962 ; 18: 77-79.
61. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-revised. New York: Psychological Corporation ; 1981.
62. Read DE Neuropsychological assessment of memory in early dementia: normative data for a new battery of memory tests "Animal Namingg". Victoria, Canada; 1980.
63. Spreen O., Benton AL Neurosensory center comprehensive examination for aphasia. Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria ; 1977.