Diurnal and annual rhythms in trees

Trees - Structure and Function

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 683-700

  Lüttge, Ulrich ^a   Hertel, Brigitte ^a  

^a DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Annual growth rings; Autumnal leaf senescence; Biological clock; Circadian rhythms; Flowering; Heliotropism; Midday depression; Nyctinastic movements; Over wintering; Phenology; Photoperiod

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL GROWTH RINGS; AUTUMNAL LEAF SENESCENCE; BIOLOGICAL CLOCK; CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS; FLOWERING; HELIOTROPISM; MIDDAY DEPRESSION; NYCTINASTIC MOVEMENTS; OVER WINTERING; PHENOLOGY; PHOTOPERIOD;

ASSOCIATIVE STORAGE; CAMS; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; FORESTRY; GENES; METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS;

CLOCKS;

CAMS; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; CLOCKS; DIURNAL VARIATION; FOLIAR ANALYSIS; FORESTRY; FRAXINUS ORNUS; GROWTH; METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TREES;

ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA; CRASSULACEAE; POPULUS;

EID: 70349655646     PISSN: 09311890     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00468-009-0324-1     Document Type: Review

References (156)

1. Andersson A, Keskitalo J, Sjödin A, Bhalerao R, Sterky F, Wissel K, Tandre K, Aspeborg H, Moyle R, Ohmiya Y et al (2004) A transcriptional time table of autumn senescence. Genome Biol 5R:24. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-4-r24.
2. 18O of cellulose from growth rings of Pinus radiata. Plant Cell Environ 25:1483-1499. doi:10.1046/j.0016-8025.2002.00931.x.
3. Bauch J, Eckstein D (1981) Wood biological investigations on panels of Rembrandt paintings. Wood Sci Technol 15:251-263. doi:10.1007/BF00350943.
4. Bieniawska Z, Espinoza C, Schlereth A, Sulpize R, Hincha DK, Hannah MA (2008) Disruption of the Arabidopsis circadian clock is responsible for extensive variation in the cold-responsive transcriptome. Plant Physiol 147:263-279. doi:10.1104/pp.108.118059.
5. Bigras FJ, Colombo SJ (2001) Conifer cold hardiness. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
6. 2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta 170:489-504. doi:10.1007/BF00402983.
7. Böhlenius H, Huang T, Charbonnel-Campaa L, Brunner AM, Jansson S, Strauss SH, Nilsson O (2006) CO/FT regulatory module controls timing of flowering and seasonal growth cessation in trees. Science 312:1040-1043. doi:10.1126/science.1126038.
8. Bohn A, Rascher U, Hütt M-T, Kaiser F, Lüttge U (2002) Responses of a plant circadian rhythm to thermoperiodic perturbations with asymmetric temporal patterns and the rate of temperature change. Biol Rhythm Res 33:151-170. doi:10.1076/brhm.33.2.151.1318.
9. Bohn A, Hinderlich S, Hütt M-T, Kaiser F, Lüttge U (2003) Identification of rhythmic subsystems in the circadian cycle of Crassulacean acid metabolism under thermoperiodic perturbations. Biol Chem 384:721-728. doi:10.1515/BC.2003.080.
10. Borchert R (2000) Organismic and environmental controls of bud growth in tropical trees: In: Viemont JD, Crabbè J (eds) Dormancy in plants: from whole plant behaviour to cellular control. CAB International Wallingford, pp 87-107.
11. Borchert R, Rivera G (2001) Photoperiodic control of seasonal development and dormancy in tropical stem-succulent trees. Tree Physiol 21:213-221.
12. Borchert R, Renner SS, Calle Z, Navarrete D, Tye A, Gautier L, Spichiger R, von Hildebrand P (2005) Photosynthetic induction of synchronous flowering near the equator. Nature 433:627-629. doi:10.1038/nature03259.
13. Borchert R, Schlumpberger BO, Calle Z, Piedrahita L, Leftin A, Hammer SA, Tye A, Renner SS (2008) Seasonal variation in insolation is the time giver for synchronous flowering between the equator and 50°N. Submitted manuscript under review, made available as personal communication.
14. Boxall SF, Foster JM, Bohnert HJ, Cushman JC, Nimmo HG, Hartwell J (2005) Conservation and divergence of circadian clock operation in a stress-inducible Crassulacean acid metabolism species reveals clock compensation against stress. Plant Physiol 137:969-982. doi:10.1104/pp.104.054577.
15. Briffa KR, Bartholin TS, Eckstein D, Jones PD, Karlén W, Schweingruber FH, Zetterberg P (1990) A 1400-year tree-ring record of summer temperatures in Fennoscandia. Nature 346:434-439. doi:10.1038/346434a0.
16. Briffa KR, Jones PD, Schweingruber FH, Shiyatov SG, Cook ER (1995) Unusual twentieth-century summer warmth in a 1000-year temperature record from Siberia. Nature 376:156-159. doi:10.1038/376156a0.
17. Bucci SJ, Scholz FG, Goldstein G, Meinzer FC, Sternberg L da Sl (2003) Dynamic changes in hydraulic conductivity in petioles of two savanna tree species: factors and mechanisms contributing to the refilling of embolized vessels. Plant Cell Environ 26:1633-1645. doi:10.1046/j.0140-7791.2003.01082.x.
18. Buchanan-Wollaston V (1997) The molecular biology of leaf senescence. J Exp Bot 48:181-199. doi:10.1093/jxb/48.2.181.
19. Caldas LS, Lüttge U, Franco AC, Haridasan M (1997) Leaf heliotropism in Pterodon pubescens, a woody legume from the Brazilian cerrado. Rev Bras Fisiol Vegetal 9:1-7.
20. Callado CH, da Silva Neto SJ, Scarano FR, Costa CG (2001) Periodicity of growth rings in some flood-prone trees of the Atlantic Rain Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Trees (Berl) 15:492-497.
21. Coster C (1927) Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Zuwachszonen und Jahresringbildung in den Tropen I. Ann Jard Buitenzorg 37:49-161.
22. Coster C (1928) Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Zuwachszonen und Jahresringbildung in den Tropen II. Ann Jard Buitenzorg 38:1-114.
23. Coté GG, DePass AL, Quarmby LM, Tate BF, Morse MJ, Satter RL, Crain RC (1989) Separation and characterisation of inositol phospholipids from the pulvini of Samanea saman. Plant Physiol 90:1422-1428. doi:10.1104/pp.90.4.1422.
24. De Mairan J (1729) Observation botanique. In: Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, Acad Roy Sci, Paris, pp 35-36.
25. De Mattos EA, Lobo PC, Joly CA (2002) Overnight rainfall inducing rapid changes in photosynthetic behaviour in a cerrado woody species during a dry spell amidst the rainy season. Aust J Bot 50:241-246. doi:10.1071/BT01023.
26. Denne MP (1971) Temperature and tracheid development in Pinus sylvestris seedlings. J Exp Bot 22:362-370. doi:10.1093/jxb/22.2.362.
27. Denne MP, Dodd RS (1981) The environmental control of xylem differentiation. In: Barnett JR (ed) Xylem cell development. Castle House, Kent, pp 236-255.
28. Dodd AN, Salathia N, Hall A, Kevei E, Toth R, Nagy F, Hibberd JM, Millar AJ, Webb AAR (2005) Plant circadian clocks increase photosynthesis, growth, survival, and competitive advantage. Science 309:630-633. doi:10.1126/science.1115581.
29. Domec J-C, Scholz FG, Bucci SJ, Meinzer FC, Goldstein G, Villalobos-Vega R (2006) Diurnal and seasonal variation in root xylem embolism in neotropical savanna woody species: impact on stomatal control of plant water status. Plant Cell Environ 29:26-35. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01397.x.
30. Dore J (1959) Response of rice to small differences in length of day. Nature 183:413-414. doi:10.1038/183413a0.
31. Duarte HM, Lüttge U (2007) Circadian rhythmicity. In: Lüttge U (ed) Clusia. A woody neotropical genus of remarkable plasticity and diversity. Ecological studies, vol 194. Springer, Berlin, pp 245-256.
32. Dünisch O, Montóia VR, Bauch J (2003) Dendroecological investigations on Swietenia macrophylla King and Cedrela odorata L. (Melicaceae) in the central Amazon. Trees (Berl) 17:244-250.
33. Dupouey J-L, Leavitt S, Choisnel E, Jourdain S (1993) Modelling carbon isotope fractionation in tree rings based on effective evapotranspiration and soil water status. Plant Cell Environ 16:939-947. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00517.x.
34. Eckstein D (2004) Change in past environments-secrets of the tree hydrosystem. New Phytol 163:1-4. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01117.x.
35. 13C response surface resolves humidity and temperature signals in trees. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:161-167. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00289-6.
36. Ehleringer J, Forseth I (1980) Solar tracking by plants. Science 210:1094-1098. doi:10.1126/science.210.4474.1094.
37. Fonti P, García-González I (2004) Suitability of chestnut earlywood vessel chronologies for ecological studies. New Phytol 163:77-86. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01089.x.
38. Fowler SG, Cook D, Thomashow MF (2005) Low temperature induction of Arabidopsis CBF1, 2 and 3 is gated by the circadian clock. Plant Physiol 137:961-968. doi:10.1104/pp.104.058354.
39. 2 assimilation and water use efficiency. Oecologia 131:356-365. doi:10.1007/s00442-002-0903-y.
40. Fritts HC (1976) Tree rings and climate. Academic Press, London.
41. Gourlay ID (1995) Growth ring characteristics of some African Acacia species. J Trop Ecol 11:121-140.
42. Heide OM (1974) Growth and dormancy in Norway spruce ecotypes (Picea abies). I. Interaction of photoperiod and temperature. Physiol Plant 30:1-12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb04983.x.
43. 12C variations in tree rings from novel intra-seasonal studies on broadleaf trees. Plant Cell Environ 27:367-380. doi:10.1111/j.0016-8025.2003.01159.x.
44. Hillman WS, Koukari WL (1967) Phytochrome effects in the nyctinastic leaf movements of Albizzia julibrissin and some other legumes. Plant Physiol 42:1413-1418. doi:10.1104/pp.42.10.1413.
45. Hütt M-T, Lüttge U (2005) Network dynamics in plant biology: current progress in historical perspective. Prog Bot 66:277-310. doi:10.1007/3-540-27043-4_12.
46. Johnsen Ø., Dæhlen OG, Østreng G, Skrøppa T (2005a) Daylength and temperature during seed production interactively affect adaptive performance of Picea abies progenies. New Phytol 168:589-596. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01538.x.
47. Johnsen Ø., Fossdal CG, Nagy N, Mølmann J, Dæhlen OG, Skrøppa T (2005b) Climatic adaptation in Picea abies progenies is affected by the temperature during zygotic embryogenesis and seed maturation. Plant Cell Environ 28:1090-1102. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01356.x.
48. Johnson CH, Golden SS (1999) Circadian programs in cyanobacteria: adaptiveness and mechanisms. Annu Rev Microbiol 53:389-409. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.53.1.389.
49. Jordan BR (ed) (2006) The molecular biology and biotechnology of flowering, 2nd edn. CAB International, Wallingford.
50. Junttila O (1976) Apical growth cessation and shoot tip abscission in Salix. Physiol Plant 38:278-286. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1976.tb04004.x.
51. Junttila O (1980) Effect of photoperiod and temperature on apical growth cessation in two ecotypes of Salix and Betula. Physiol Plant 48:347-352. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb03266.x.
52. Junttila O (2007) Regulation of annual shoot growth cycle in northern tree species. In: Taulavuori E, Taulavuori K (eds) Physiology of northern plans under changing environment. Research Signpost, Kerala, pp 177-210.
53. Keskitalo J, Bergquist G, Gardeström P, Jansson S (2005) A cellular timetable of autumn senescence. Plant Physiol 139:1635-1648. doi:10.1104/pp.105.066845.
54. Kienast F, Schweingruber FH, Bräker OU, Schär E (1987) Tree-ring studies on conifers along ecological gradients and the potential of single-year analyses. Can J For Res 17:683-696. doi:10.1139/x87-111.
55. +-ATPase. Plant Physiol 99:1532-1539. doi:10.1104/pp.99.4.1532.
56. Kim HJ, Coté GG, Crain RC (1993) Potassium channels in Samanea saman protoplasts controlled by phytochrome and the biological clock. Science 260:960-962. doi:10.1126/science.260.5110.960.
57. + channels by light and darkness in Samanea saman motor cells. Planta 198:279-287. doi:10.1007/BF00206254.
58. Koller D (1990) Light driven leaf movements. Plant Cell Environ 13:615-632. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01079.x.
59. Kosová K, Vítámvás P, Prášil IT (2007) The role of dehydrins in plant response to cold. Biol Plant 51:601-617. doi:10.1007/s10535-007-0133-6.
60. +-uptake and release during circadian rhythmic movements of excised Samanea motor organs. Plant Physiol 83:856-862. doi:10.1104/pp.83.4.856.
61. Lee Y, Satter RJ (1989) Effects of white, blue and red light and darkness on pH of the apoplast in the Samanea pulvinus. Planta 178:31-40. doi:10.1007/BF00392524.
62. Lee DW, O'Keele J, Holbrook NM, Feild TS (2003) Pigment dynamics and autumn leaf senescence in a New England deciduous forest, eastern USA. Ecol Res 18:677-694. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1703.2003.00588.x.
63. Lim PO, Kim HJ, Nam HG (2007) Leaf senescence. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58:115-136. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105316.
64. Lipavská H, Svobodová H, Albrechtová J (2001) Annual dynamics of the content of non-structural saccharides in the context of structural development of vegetative buds of Norway spruce. J Plant Physiol 157:365-373.
65. Liu Y, Tsinoremans NF, Johnson CH, Lebedeca NV, Golden SS, Ishiura M, Kondo TI (1995) Circadian orchestration of gene expression in cyanobacteria. Genes Dev 9:1469-1478. doi:10.1101/gad.9.12.1469.
66. Lloyd D (2006) Ultradian rhythms and clocks in plants and yeast. Biol Rhythm Res 37:281-296. doi:10.1080/09291010600804379.
67. Lloyd D, Murray DB (2005) Ultradian metronome: timekeeper for orchestration of cellular coherence. Trends Biochem Sci 30:373-377. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.05.005.
68. Lloyd D, Murray DB (2007) Redox rhythmicity: clocks at the core of temporal coherence. Bioessays 29:465-473. doi:10.1002/bies.20575.
69. Lüttge U (2000) The tonoplast functioning as the master switch for circadian regulation of Crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 211:761-769. doi:10.1007/s004250000408.
70. Lüttge U (2003a) Circadian rhythmicity: is the "biological clock" hardware or software? Prog Bot 64:277-319.
71. Lüttge U (2003b) Circadian rhythms. In: Thomas B, Murphy DJ, Murray BG (eds) Encyclopedia of applied plant sciences. Elsevier, Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 1084-1096.
72. Lüttge U (2004) Ecophysiology of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Ann Bot (Lond) 94:629-652. doi:10.1093/aob/mch087.
73. Lüttge U (2006) Photosynthetic flexibility and ecophysiological plasticity: questions and lessons from the genus Clusia, the only CAM tree, in the neotropics. New Phytol 171:7-25. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01755.x.
74. Lüttge U (ed 2007a) Clusia. A woody neotropical genus of remarkable plasticity and diversity. Ecological studies, vol 194. Springer, Berlin.
75. Lüttge U (2007b) Photosynthesis. In: Lüttge U (ed) Clusia. A woody neotropical genus of remarkable plasticity and diversity. Ecological studies, vol 194. Springer, Berlin, pp 135-186.
76. Lüttge U (2008a) Stem CAM in arborescent succulents. Trees (Berl) 22:139-148. doi:10.1007/s00468-007-0198-z.
77. Lüttge U (2008b) Clusia: Holy grail and enigma. J Exp Bot 59:1503-1514. doi:10.1093/jxb/ern006.
78. Lüttge U, Beck F (1992) Endogenous rhythms and chaos in Crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 188:28-38. doi:10.1007/BF01160709.
79. Lüttge U, Higinbotham N (1979) Transport in plants. Springer, New York.
80. 3 bromeliad Pitcairnia integrifolia. Plant Cell Environ 9:411-419. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1986.tb01754.x.
81. Matile P (1992) Chloroplast senescence. In: Baker NR, Thomas H (eds) Crop photosynthesis: spatial and temporal determinants. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 413-440.
82. Matile P, Winkenbach F (1971) Function of lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes in the senescing corolla of the morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). J Exp Bot 22:759-771. doi:10.1093/jxb/22.4.759.
83. McClung CR (2000) Circadian rhythms in plants: a millennium view. Physiol Plant 109:359-371. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.100401.x.
84. Medina E (1982) Physiological ecology of neotropical savanna plants. In: Huntles BJ, Walker BH (eds) Ecoloical studies, vol 42: ecology of tropical savannas. Springer, Berlin, pp 308-335.
85. Michael TP, McClung CR (2003) Enhancer trapping reveals widespread circadian clock transcriptional control in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 132:629-639. doi:10.1104/pp.021006.
86. Mølmann JA, Junttila O, Johnsen Ø, Olsen JE (2006) Effects of red, far red and blue light in maintaining growth in latitudinal populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Plant Cell Environ 29:166-172. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01408.x.
87. Moran N, Ehrenstein G, Iwasa K, Mischke C, Bare C, Satter RL (1988) Potassium channels in motor cells of Samanea saman. A patch clamp study. Plant Physiol 88:643-648. doi:10.1104/pp.88.3.643.
88. Moshelion M, Moran N (2000) Potassium-efflux channels in extensor and flexor cells of the motor organ of Samanea saman are not identical. Effects of cytosolic calcium. Plant Physiol 124:911-919. doi:10.1104/pp.124.2.911.
89. Moshelion N, Becker D, Biela A, Uehlein N, Hedrich R, Otto B, Levi H, Moran N, Kaldenhoff R (2002) Plasma membrane aquaporins in the motor cells of Samanea saman: diurnal and circadian regulation. Plant Cell 14:727-739. doi:10.1105/tpc.010351.
90. Nimmo HG (2000) The regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in CAM plants. Trends Plant Sci 5:75-80. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01543-5.
91. Njoku E (1963) Seasonal periodicity in the growth and development of some forest trees in Nigeria. J Ecol 51:617-624. doi:10.2307/2257750.
92. Olsen JE, Junttila O (2002) Far red end-of-day treatment restores wild type-like plant length in hybrid aspen overexpressing phytochrome A. Physiol Plant 115:448-457. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150315.x.
93. Ouyang Y, Andersson CR, Kondo T, Golden SS, Johnson CH (1998) Resonating circadian clocks enhance fitness in cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:8660-8664. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8660.
94. Pathre U, Sinha AK, Shirke PA, Sane PV (1998) Factors determining the midday depression of photosynthesis in trees under monsoon climate. Trees (Berl) 12:472-481. doi:10.1007/s004680050177.
95. Penfield S (2008) Temperature perception and signal transduction in plants. New Phytol 179:615-628. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02478.x.
96. Pfeffer W (1907) Untersuchungen über die Entstehung der Schlafbewegungen der Blattorgane. Abh Math Phys Kl Kgl Sächs Ges Wiss 30 III:259-472.
97. Pfeffer W (1915) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Entstehung der Schlafbewegungen. Abh Math Phys Kl Kgl Sächs Ges Wiss 34 I:1-154.
98. Puhakainen T, Li C, Boije-Malm M, Kangasjärvi J, Heino P, Palva ET (2004) Short-day potentiation of low temperature-induced gene expression of a C-repeat-binding factor-controlled gene during cold acclimation in silver birch. Plant Physiol 136:4299-4307. doi:10.1104/pp.104.047258.
99. Racusen RH, Satter RL (1975) Rhythmic and phytochrome-regulated changes in transmembrane potential in Samanea pulvini. Nature 225:408-410. doi:10.1038/255408a0.
100. Ramos A, Pérez-Solís E, Ibáñez C, Casado R, Collada C, Gómez L, Aragoncillo C, Allona I (2005) Winter disruption of the circadian clock in chestnut. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:7037-7042. doi:10.1073/pnas.0408549102.
101. Reich PB, Borchert R (1984) Water stress and tree phenology in a tropical dry forest in the lowlands of Costa Rica. J Ecol 72:61-74. doi:10.2307/2260006.
102. Renner SS (2007) Synchronous flowering linked to changes in solar radiation intensity. New Phytol 175:195-197. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02132.x.
103. Rinne P, Welling A, Kaikuranta P (1998) Onset of freezing tolerance in birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) involves LEA proteins and osmoregulation and is impaired in an ABA-deficient genotype. Plant Cell Environ 21:601-611. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00306.x.
104. Rivera G, Borchert R (2001) Induction of flowering in tropical trees by a 30-min reduction in photoperiod: evidence from field observations and herbarium collections. Tree Physiol 21:201-212.
105. Rivera G, Elliott S, Caldas LS, Nicolossi G, Coradin VTR, Borchert R (2002) Increasing day-length induces spring flushing of tropical dry forest trees in the absence of rain. Trees (Berl) 16:445-456. doi:10.1007/s00468-002-0185-3.
106. Rohde A, Howe GT, Olsen JE, Moritz T, van Mongtagu M, Junttila O, Boerjan W (2000) Molecular aspects of bud dormancy in trees. In: Jain SM, Minocha SC (eds) Molecular biology of woody plants, vol 1. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 89-134.
107. Rolland F, Baena-Gonzalez E, Sheen J (2006) Sugar sensing and signalling in plants: conserved and novel mechanisms. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:675-709. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105441.
108. Ruttink T, Arend M, Morreel K, Storme V, Rombauts S, Fromm J, Bhalerao RP, Boerjan W, Rohde A (2007) A molecular timetable for apical bud formation and dormancy induction in poplar. Plant Cell 19:2370-2390. doi:10.1105/tpc.107.052811.
109. Sarmiento G (1984) The ecology of neotropical savannas. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
110. Satter RL, Galston AW (1973) Leaf movements: Rosetta stone of plant behaviour. Bioscience 23:407-416. doi:10.2307/1296540.
111. Satter RL, Sabins DD, Galston AW (1970a) Phytochrome controlled nyctinasty in Albizzia julibrissin. I. Anatomy and fine structure of the pulvinule. Am J Bot 57:374-381. doi:10.2307/2440864.
112. Satter RL, Marinoff P, Galston AW (1970b) Phytochrome controlled nyctinasty in Albizzia julibrissin. II. Potassium fluxes as a basis for leaflet movement. Am J Bot 57:916-926. doi:10.2307/2440989.
113. Satter RL, Applewhite PB, Kreis DJ, Galston AW (1973) Rhythmic leaflet movement in Albizzia julibrissin. Effects of electrolytes and temperature alteration. Plant Physiol 52:202-207. doi:10.1104/pp.52.3.202.
114. Satter RL, Applewhite PB, Galston AW (1974a) Rhythmic potassium flux in Albizzia. Effect of aminophylline, cations, and inhibitors of respiration. Plant Physiol 54:280-285. doi:10.1104/pp.54.3.280.
115. Satter RL, Geballe GT, Galston AW (1974b) Potassium flux and leaf movement in Samanea saman. I. Rhythmic movement. J Gen Physiol 64:413-430. doi:10.1085/jgp.64.4.413.
116. Satter RL, Geballe GT, Applewhite PB, Galston AW (1974c) Potassium flux and leaf movement in Samanea saman. II. Phytochrome controlled movement. J Gen Physiol 64:424-431. doi:10.1085/jgp.64.4.431.
117. Satter RL, Schrempf M, Chaudri J, Galston AW (1977) Phytochrome and circadian clocks in Samanea. Rhythmic redistribution of potassium and chloride within the pulvinus during long dark periods. Plant Physiol 59:231-235. doi:10.1104/pp.59.2.231.
118. +-secretion and uptake by excised flexor cells during dark-induced closure of Samanea leaflets. Plant Physiol 85:850-855. doi:10.1104/pp.85.3.850.
119. Schulze E-D, Lange OL, Evenari M, Kappen L, Buschbom U (1974) The role of air humidity and leaf temperature in controlling stomatal resistance of Prunus armeniaca L. under desert conditions. I. A simulation of the daily course of stomatal resistance. Oecologia 17:159-170. doi:10.1007/BF00346278.
120. Schulze E-D, Lange OL, Kappen L, Evenari M, Buschbom U (1975a) The role of air humidity and leaf temperature in controlling stomatal resistance of Prunus armeniaca under desert conditions. II. The significance of leaf water status and internal carbon dioxide concentration. Oecologia 18:219-233. doi:10.1007/BF00345424.
121. Schulze E-D, Lange OL, Evenari M, Kappen L, Buschbom U (1975b) The role of air humidity and leaf temperature in controlling stomatal resistance of Prunus armeniaca L. under desert condtions. III. The effect on water use efficiency. Oecologia 19:303-314.
122. Schweingruber FH (1988) Tree rings. Basics and applications of dendrochronology. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
123. Staiger D (2002) Circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis: time for nuclear proteins. Planta 214:334-344. doi:10.1007/s004250100662.
124. Staiger D, Heintzen C (1999) The circadian system of Arabidopsis thaliana. Chronobiol Int 16:1-16. doi:10.3109/07420529908998708.
125. Suh S, Moran N, Lee Y (2000) Blue light activates potassium-efflux channels in flexor cells from Samanea saman motor organs via two mechanisms. Plant Physiol 123:833-843. doi:10.1104/pp.123.3.833.
126. Sutinen M-L (2007) Lipid changes during cold-acclimation and de-acclimation of herbaceous and woody species. In: Taulavuori E, Taulavuori K (eds) Physiology of northern plans under changing environment. Research Signpost, Kerala, pp 19-37.
127. Takata N, Saito S, Saito CT, Nanjo T, Shinohara K, Uemura M (2009) Molecular phylogeny and expression of poplar circadian clock genes, LHY1 and LHY2. New Phytol 181:808-819. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02714.x.
128. Taulavuori E, Lüttge U (2007) Membrane responses under stress in relation to seasonal environmental dynamics in northern ecosystems. In: Taulavuori E, Taulavuori K (eds) Physiology of northern plans under changing environment. Research Signpost, Kerala, pp 1-17.
129. Taulavuori K, Sarala M, Taulavuori E (2009) Growth responses to changing light environment. Prog Bot 71.
130. Taylor JE, Whitelaw CA (2001) Signals in abscission. New Phytol 151:323-340. doi:10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00194.x.
131. Tenhunen JD, Lange OL, Braun M, Meyer A, Lösch R, Pereira JS (1980) Midday stomatal closure in Arbutus unedo leaves in a natural macchia under simulated habitat conditions in an environmental chamber. Oecologia 47:365-367. doi:10.1007/BF00398530.
132. Tenhunen JD, Lange OL, Braun M (1981) Midday stomatal closure in mediterranean type sclerophylls under simulated habitat conditions in an environmental chamber. II. Effect of the couple of leaf temperature and air humidity on gas exchange of Arbutus unedo and Quercus ilex. Oecologia 50:5-11. doi:10.1007/BF00378788.
133. 2 exchange of leaves of Quercus suber. Planta 162:193-203. doi:10.1007/BF00397440.
134. Thomas B, Vince-Prue D (1997) Photoperiodism in plants. Academic Press, San Diego.
135. Verheyden A, Helle G, Schleser GH, Dehairs F, Beeckman H, Koedam N (2004a) Annual cyclicity in high-resolution stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in the wood of the mangrove tree Rhizophora mucronata. Plant Cell Environ 27:1525-1536. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01258.x.
136. Verheyden A, Kairo JG, Beeckman H, Koedam N (2004b) Growth rings, growth ring formation and age determination in the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Ann Bot (Lond) 94:59-66. doi:10.1093/aob/mch115.
137. Verheyden A, de Ridder F, Schmitz N, Beeckman H, Koedam N (2005) High-resolution time series of vessel density in Kenyan mangrove trees reveal a link with climate. New Phytol 167:425-435. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01415.x.
138. Voytsekh O, Seitz SB, Iliev D, Mittag M (2008) Both subunits of the circadian RNA-binding protein CHLAMY1 can integrate temperature information. Plant Physiol 147:2179-2193. doi:10.1104/pp.108.118570.
139. Weiser CJ (1970) Cold resistance and injury in woody plants. Science 169:1269-1278. doi:10.1126/science.169.3952.1269.
140. Welling A, Palva ET (2006) Molecular control of cold acclimation in trees. Physiol Plant 127:167-181. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00672.x.
141. Welling A, Palva ET (2008) Involvement of CBF transcription factors in winter hardiness in birch. Plant Physiol 147:1199-1211. doi:10.1104/pp.108.117812.
142. Welling A, Kaikuranta P, Rinne P (1997) Photoperiodic induction of dormancy and freezing tolerance in Betula pubescens: involvement of ABA and dehydrins. Physiol Plant 100:119-125. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb03461.x.
143. Welling A, Moritz T, Palva ET, Junttila O (2002) Independent activation of cold acclimation by low temperature and short photoperiod in hybrid aspen. Plant Physiol 129:1633-1641. doi:10.1104/pp.003814.
144. Welling A, Rinne P, Vihera-Aarnio A, Kontunen-Soppela S, Heino P, Palva ET (2004) Photoperiod and temperature differentially regulate the expression of two dehydrin genes during overwintering of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.). J Exp Bot 55:507-516. doi:10.1093/jxb/erh045.
145. Wilkins MB (1992) Circadian rhythms: their origin and control. New Phytol 121:347-375. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb02936.x.
146. Wimmer R (2002) Wood anatomical features in tree rings as indicators of environmental change. Dendrochronologia 20:21-36. doi:10.1078/1125-7865-00005.
147. Woodcock DW (1989) Climate sensitivity of wood-anatomical features in a ring-porous oak (Quercus macrocarpa). Can J For Res 19:639-644. doi:10.1139/x89-100.
148. Worbes M (1988) Variety in structure of annual growth zones in Tabebuia barbata (E. Mey) Sandw., Bignoniaceae, a tropical tree species from Central Amazonian inundation forests. Dendrochronologia 6:71-89.
149. Worbes M (1989) Growth rings, increment and age of trees in inundation forests, savannas and a mountain forest in the Neotropics. IAWA J 10:109-122.
150. Worbes M (1999) Annual growth rings, rainfall-dependent growth and long-term growth patterns of tropical trees from the Caparo Forest Reserve in Venezuela. J Ecol 87:391-403. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00361.x.
151. Wright JS (1991) Seasonal drought and the phenology of understory shrubs in a tropical moist forest. Ecology 72:1643-1657. doi:10.2307/1940964.
152. Wright JS (1996) Phenological responses to seasonality in tropical forest plants. In: Mulkey SS, Chazdon RC, Smith AP (eds) Tropical forest plant ecophysiology. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 440-460.
153. Yasue K, Funada R, Kobayashi O, Ohtani J (2000) The effects of tracheid dimensions on variations in maximum density of Picea glehnii and relationships of climatic factors. Trees (Berl) 14:223-229.
154. Yeang H-Y (2007a) Synchronous flowering of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) induced by high solar radiation intensity. New Phytol 175:283-289. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02089.x.
155. Yeang H-Y (2007b) The sunshine-mediated trigger of synchronous flowering in the tropics: the rubber tree as a study model. New Phytol 176:730-735. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02258.x.
156. + activity in the Samanea saman pulvinus, monitored with liquid membrane microelectrodes. Planta 179:421-427. doi:10.1007/BF00397580.