The Power of Precedent

The Power of Precedent

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-352

  Gerhardt, Michael J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Constitutional law; Precedent; Stare decisis; Supreme court

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349245791     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195150506.001.0001     Document Type: Book

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121. Jack Balkin, Abortion and Original Meaning (August 28, 2006)
122. John W. Dean, The Rehnquist Choice: The Untold Story of the Nixon Appointment That Redefined the Supreme Court 16 (Free Press 2001)
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130. Gerald N. Rosenberg, Bringing Politics Back In, 95 Nw. U. L. Rev. 309 (2000)
131. Richard A. Posner, Breaking the Deadlock: The 2000 Election, the Constitution, and the Courts (Princeton Univ. Press 2001)
132. James H. Fowler & Sangick Jeon, The Authority of Supreme Court Precedent: A Network Analysis (June 29, 2005).
133. H. Jefferson Powell, A Community Built on Words: The Constitution in History and Politics 6 (Univ. of Chicago Press 2002).
134. Philip C. Bobbitt, Is Law Politics? 41 Stan. L. Rev. ffi3, 1303 (1989)
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140. Martin B. Gold & Dimple Gupta, The Constitutional Option to Change Senate Rules and Procedures: A Majoritarian Means to Overcome the Filibuster, 28 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 205 (2004).
141. Patrick Leahy, Procedural and Factual Insufficiencies in the Impeachment of William Jefferson Clinton, reprinted in 145 Cong. Rec. S 1564, 1588 (1999)
142. Cass R. Sunstein, One Case at a Time: Judicial Minimalism on the Supreme Court (Harvard Univ. Press 1999).
143. Neil S. Siegel, A Theory in Search of a Court, 103 Mich. L. Rev. 1951 (2005).
144. Cass R. Sunstein, Burkean Minimalism, 105 Mich. L. Rev. 336 (2006).
145. Henry Campbell Black, Handbook on the Law of Judicial Precedents § 81 (West 1912)
146. Keith E. Whittington, Extrajudicial Constitutional Interpretation: Three Objections and Responses, 80 N.C. L. Rev. 773, 784 (2002)
147. Richard H. Fallon, Jr., Legitimacy and the Constitution, 118 Harv. L. Rev. 1787 (2005).
148. Thomas W. Merrill, The Making of the Second Rehnquist Court: A Preliminary Analysis, 47 St. Louis U. L.J. 569, 570 (2003)
149. Neal Devins & Louis Fisher, The Democratic Constitution (Oxford Univ. Press 2004)
150. Louis Fisher, Constitutional Dialogue: Interpretation as Political Process (Princeton Univ. Press 1988)
151. Barry Friedman, Dialogue and Judicial Review, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 577, 668-70 (1993)
152. Alexander M. Bickel, The Supreme Court and the Idea of Progress 91 (Yale Univ. Press 1978/1970).
153. Robert A. Burt, The Constitution in Conflict 295 (Belknap 1992).
154. Robert C. Post, The Supreme Court, 2002 Term, Foreword: Fashioning the Legal Constitution: Culture, Courts, and Law, 117 Harv. L. Rev. 4, 104-5 (2003)
155. H. Jefferson Powell, A Community Built on Words: The Constitution in History and Politics 6 (Univ. of Chicago Press 2002).
156. Ronald C. Kahn, Presidential Power and the Appointments Process: Structuralism, Legal Scholarship, and the New Historical Institutionalism, 47 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 1419, 1446-49 (1997)
157. Matthew D. Adler & Michael C. Dorf, Constitutional Existence Conditions and Judicial Review, 89 Va. L. Rev. 1101 (2003)
158. Michael J. Gerhardt, Crisis and Constitutionalism, 63 Mont. L. Rev. 277, 296 n.65 (2002).
159. James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed 9 (Yale Univ. Press 1998).
160. Ken I. Kersch, The Reconstruction of Constitutional Privacy Rights and the New American State, 16 Stud. Am. Pol. Dev. 61, 67 (2002)
161. Henry Paul Monaghan, Stare Decisis and Constitutional Adjudication, 88 Colum. L. Rev. 723, 730-34, 749-52 (1988)
162. See, e.g., Chevron v. Natural Res. Def. Council, 467 U.S. 837 (1984)
163. John N. Moore, The National Law of Treaty Implementation 378-405 (Carolina Academic Press 2001).
164. B. Ackerman & D. Golove, Is NAFTA Constitutional? 108 Harv. L. Rev. 801, 820 (1995).
165. W. Taylor Reveley III, War Powers of the President and Congress: Who Holds the Arrows and Olive Branch? (Univ. Press of Virginia 1981).
166. See, e.g., Jack M. Balkin, Bush v. Gore and the Boundary Between Law and Politics, 110 Yale L.J. 1407 (2001)
167. Reva B. Siegel, Constitutional Culture, Social Movement Conflict, and Constitutional Change: The Case of the de facto ERA, 94 Cal. L. Rev. 1323, 1324 (2006).
168. David Currie, The Constitution in Congress: The Jeffersonians, 1801-1829, 232-49 (Univ. of Chicago Press 2001).
169. Robert Caro, Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson, 683-1012 (Knopf 2002).
170. Anthony T. Kronman, Precedent and Tradition, 99 Yale L.J. 1029, 1043-47 (1990)
171. Peter S. Canellos, Bush Seeks Marriage Amendment; From Both Sides, Danger of Alienating Moderates, Boston Globe, Feb. 25, 2004, at A1.
172. C. Vann Woodward, Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct (Dell 1974).
173. Michael J. Klarman, Brown and Lawrence (and Goodridge), 104 Mich. L. Rev. 431, 482 (2005)
174. Eugene Rostow, The Democratic Character of Judicial Review, 66 Harv. L. Rev. 193, 208 (1952)
175. Christopher L. Eisgruber, Is the Supreme Court an Educative Institution? 67 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 961 (1992)
176. Alexander M. Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics (2d ed., Yale Univ. Press 1986)
177. Cass R. Sunstein, One Case at a Time: Judicial Minimalism on the Supreme Court 3-6 (Harvard Univ. Press 1999)
178. Cass R. Sunstein, Foreword, in Leaving Things Undecided, The Supreme Court 1995 Term, 110 Harv. L. Rev. 4, 48 (1996)
179. Laurence H. Tribe, Lawrence v. Texas: The "Fundamental Right" that Dare not Speak Its Name, 117 Harv. L. Rev. 1893, 1901 n.28 (2004).
180. Joseph R. Biden, The Constitution, The Senate, and the Court, 24 Wake Forest L. Rev. 951 (1989)
181. Stephen Carter, The Confirmation Mess: Cleaning Up the Federal Appointments Process xi (Basic Books 1994).
182. John G. Roberts, President's Remarks at Swearing-In Ceremony of Chief Justice Roberts (Sept. 29, 2005) (available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/09/20050929-3.html)
183. Anders Stephanson, Manifest Destiny: American Expansionism and the Empire of Right (Hill and Wang 1995)
184. Albert K. Weinberg, Manifest Destiny: A Study of Nationalist Expansionism in American History (Johns Hopkins Press 1935).
185. Daryl J. Levinson, Rights Essentialism and Remedial Equilibrium, 99 Colum. L. Rev. 857, 890 (1999).
186. Richard H. Fallon, Jr., Judicially Manageable Standards and Constitutional Meaning, 119 Harv. L. Rev. 1274, 1314 (2006).
187. Neal Devins & Lou Fisher, The Democratic Constitution (Oxford Univ. Press 2004).
188. See, e.g., Seth B. Tillman, A Textualist Defense of Article I, Section 7, Clause 3, 83 Tex. L. Rev. 1 (2005)
189. Peter L. Strauss, Legislative Theory and the Rule of Law: Some Comments on Rubin, 89 Colum. L. Rev. 427 (1989)
190. Laurence H. Tribe, The Legislative Veto Decision: A Law By Any Other Name? 21 Harv. J. Legis. 1 (1984)
191. E. Donald Elliott, INS v. Chadha: The Administrative Constitution, the Constitution, and the Legislative Veto, 1983 Sup. Ct. Rev. 125.
192. Louis Fisher, Congressional Research Service Report, Legislative Vetoes after Chadha., May 2, 2005
193. William N. Eskeridge, Jr., Philip P. Frickey, & Elizabeth Garrett, Cases and Materials on Legislation: Statutes and the Creation of Public Policy 787-800, 1036-39
194. Leo Sandon, Religious Tests for Public Office: Enough Already, Tallahassee Democrat, Nov. 5, 2005
195. See, e.g., Jeffrey A. Segal & Harold J. Spaeth, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited 288-310 (Cambridge Univ. Press 2002).
196. See, e.g., Akhil Amar, The Supreme Court, 1999 Term, Foreword: The Document and the Doctrine, 114 Harv. L. Rev. 26, 40-44 (2000)
197. Cass R. Sunstein, Supreme Court Term, Foreword: Leaving Things Undecided, 110 Harv. L. Rev. 6 (1996).
198. Geoffrey R. Stone, Precedent, the Amendment Process, and Evolution in Constitutional Doctrine, 11 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 67, 70 (1988).
199. Benjamin Cardozo, The Nature of the Judicial Process 150 (Yale Univ. Press 1925)
200. James H. Fowler & Sangick Jeon, The Authority of Supreme Court Precedent: A Network Analysis, June 29, 2005
201. Welch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation, 483 U.S. 468, 478 (1987)
202. Alexander M. Bickel, The Supreme Court and the Idea of Progress 87 (Yale Univ. Press 1978)
203. New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992).
204. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995).
205. Richard H. Fallon, Jr., The Conservative Path of the Rehnquist Court's Federalism Decisions, 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 429, 432 (2002).
206. Turner v. California, 498 U.S. 1053 (1991)
207. H. W. Perry, Deciding to Decide: Agenda Setting in the United States Supreme Court (Harvard Univ. Press 1991)
208. Thomas R. Lee, Stare Decisis in Historical Perspective: From the Founding Era to the Rehnquist Court, 52 Vand. L. Rev. 647 (1999)
209. Thomas R. Lee & Lance S. Lehnhof, The Anastasoff Case and the Judicial Power to 'Unpublish' Opinions, 77 Notre Dame L. Rev. 135 (2001).
210. James H. Fowler & Sangick Jeon, The Authority of Supreme Court Precedent: A Network Analysis, June 29, 2005.
211. Thomas M. Cooley, A Treatise on the Constitutional Limitations Which Rest Upon the Legislative Power of the States of the American Union 62 (5th ed., Little, Brown 1883)
212. D. H. Chamberlain, The Doctrine of Stare Decisis As Applied to Decision of Constitutional Questions, 3 Harv. L. Rev. 125, 131 (1889).
213. Larry D. Kramer, The Supreme Court 2000 Term Foreword: We the Court, 115 Harv. L. Rev. 4, 74 (2001).
214. Edward A. Purcell, Jr., Reconsidering the Frankfurterian Paradigm: Reflections on Histories of Lower Federal Courts, 24 Law & Soc. Inquiry 679, 725 (1999).
215. William O. Douglas, Stare Decisis, 49 Colum. L. Rev. 735, 736 (1949).
216. Hugo L. Black, A Constitutional Faith 14 (Knopf 1968).
217. Maurice Kelman, The Forked Path of Dissent, 1985 Sup. Ct. Rev. 227, 251.
218. Phillip B. Kurland, Politics, the Constitution, and the Warren Court, 91 (Univ. of Chicago Press 1970).
219. Richard A. Posner, The Problems of Jurisprudence 94 (Harvard Univ. Press 1990)
220. Cass R. Sunstein, Foreword: Leaving Things Undecided, 110 Harv. L. Rev. 4, 25-26 (1995).
221. Michael Perry, The Constitution, the Courts, and Human Rights 64-67 (Yale Univ. Press 1982)
222. Henry Monaghan, Stare Decisis and Constitutional Adjudication, 88 Colum. L. Rev. 723, 723-24 (1988).
223. Robert Bork, The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law 156-69 (Free Press 1989).
224. Raoul Berger, Original Intent and Boris Bittker, 66 Ind. L.J. 723, 747 (1991) (citation omitted).
225. Michael Stokes Paulsen, Abrogating Stare Decisis by Statute: May Congress Remove the Precedential Effect of Roe and Casey? 109 Yale L.J. 1535, 1543-44 (2000)
226. John Harrison, The Power of Congress Over the Rules of Precedent, 50 Duke L.J. 503 (2000)
227. Gary Lawson, The Constitutional Case against Precedent, 17 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 23 (1994).
228. Steven Calabresi, The Tradition of the Written Constitution: Text, Precedent, and Burke, 57 Alabama L. Rev. 635 (2006).
229. Felix Frankfurter, The Present Approach to Constitutional Decision on the Bill of Rights, 28 Harv. L. Rev. 790, 791 (1915).
230. Felix Frankfurter & Thomas Corcoran, Petty Federal Offenses and Trial by Jury, 39 Harv. L. Rev. 917, 922 (1926).
231. Antonin Scalia, A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law 138-39 (Princeton Univ. Press 1997).
232. Richard A. Posner, In Memoriam: William J. Brennan, Jr., 111 Harv. L. Rev. 9, 11 (1997).
233. William J. Brennan, In Defense of Dissents, 37 Hastings L.J. 427, 435-37 (1986).
234. James B. Thayer, The Origin and Scope of the American Doctrine of Constitutional Law, 7 Harv. L. Rev. 129, 144 (1893)
235. Evan H. Caminker, Sincere and Strategic Voting Norms on Multimember Courts, 97 Mich. L. Rev. 2297, 2329 (1999).
236. Christopher J. Peters, Foolish Consistency: On Equality, Integrity, and Justice in Stare Decisis, 105 Yale L.J. 2031, 2050 (1996)
237. Michael C. Dorf, The Supreme Court, 1997 Term-Foreword: The Limits of Socratic Deliberation, 112 Harv. L. Rev. 4, 8 (1998).
238. Richard A. Posner, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory (Harvard Univ. Press 1999).
239. Henry P. Monaghan, Stare Decisis and Constitutional Adjudication, 88 Colum. L. Rev. 723, 744 (1988)
240. Kenneth W. Dam, The Legal Tender Cases, 1981 Sup. Ct. Rev. 367, 389 (1981)
241. Peter B. McMutchen, Mistakes, Precedent, and the Rise of the Administrative State: Toward a Constitutional Theory of Second Best, 80 Cornell L. Rev. 1, 17 (1994).
242. Raoul Berger, Colloquy: Original Intent and Boris Bittker, 66 Ind. L.J. 723, 749 (1991)
243. Howard Jay Graham, The Conspiracy Theory of the Fourteenth Amendment, 47 Yale L.J. 371, 381 (1938).
244. John T. Noonan, Jr., Narrowing the Nation's Power: The Supreme Court Sides with the States 153 (Univ. of California Press 2002)
245. Vicki C. Jackson, The Supreme Court, the Eleventh Amendment, and State Sovereign Immunity, 98 Yale L.J. 1, 3 (1988).
246. David J. Cloherty, Exclusive Jurisdiction and the Eleventh Amendment: Recognizing the Assumption of State Court Availability in the Clear Statement Compromise, 82 Cal. L. Rev. 1287, 1312 (1994)
247. William A. Fletcher, A Historical Interpretation of the Eleventh Amendment: A Narrower Construction of an Affirmative Grant of Jurisdiction Rather than a Prohibition Against Jurisdiction, 35 Stan. L. Rev. 1033, 1060 (1983).
248. Margaret L. Moses, What the Jury Must Hear: The Supreme Court's Evolving Seventh Amendment Jurisprudence, 68 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 183 (2000)
249. Jeffrey A. Segal & Harold J. Spaeth, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited 298 (Cambridge Univ. Press 2002)
250. James H. Fowler & Sangick Jeon, The Authority of Supreme Court Precedent: A Network Analysis (June 29, 2005), available at http://jhfowler.ucdavis.edu/authority_of_supreme_court_precedent.pdf.
251. Akhil Reed Amar, Foreword: The Document and the Doctrine, 114 Harv. L. Rev. 26 (2000).
252. Bruce Ackerman, We the People, Volume II, Transformations, at 5 (Belknap Press 1988)
253. Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously 22-39 (Harvard Univ. Press 1997).
254. Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire 228-38 (Belknap Press 1986).
255. David A. Strauss, Common Law Constitutional Interpretation, 63 U. Chi. L. Rev. 877, 833, 879 (1996)
256. Henry P. Monaghan, The Supreme Court, 1974 Term-Foreword: Constitutional Common Law, 89 Harv. L. Rev. 1 (1975)
257. Kathleen M. Sullivan, Foreword: The Justices of Rules and Standards, 106 Harv. L. Rev. 22 (1992).
258. Kathleen M. Sullivan, The Jurisprudence of the Rehnquist Court, 22 Nova L. Rev. 743 (1998).
259. See, e.g., Michael J. Gerhardt, The Role of Precedent in Constitutional Decisionmaking and Theory, Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 68, 116 (1991).
260. Ward Farnsworth, Signatures of Ideology: The Case of the Supreme Court's Criminal Docket, 104 Mich. L. Rev. 71 (2005).
261. Jeffrey A. Segal & Harold J. Spaeth, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model (Cambridge Univ. Press 1993).
262. Harold J. Spaeth & Jeffrey A. Segal, Majority Rule or Minority Will: Adherence to Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court (Cambridge Univ. Press 1999).
263. Edward L. Rubin, The New Legal Process, the Synthesis of Discourse, and the Microanalysis of Institutions 109 Harv. L. Rev. 1393, 1406 (1996)
264. Lee Epstein & Jack Knight, The Choices Justices Make 22-51 (CQ Press 1998).
265. Jack Knight & Lee Epstein, The Norm of Stare Decisis, 40 Am. J. Pol. Sci. 1018-39 (1996).
266. Jeffrey A. Segal & Harold J. Spaeth, Norms, Dragons, and Stare Decisis: A Response, 40 Am. J. Pol. Sci. 1064-82 (1996).
267. Andrew D. Martin & Kevin M. Quinn, Dynamic Ideal Point Estimation via Markov Chain Monte Carlo for the Supreme Court, 1953-1999, 10 Pol. Analysis 134 (2002).
268. Jack Goldsmith & Adrien Vermeule, Empirical Methodology and Legal Scholarship, 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 153, 154-55 (2002).
269. Gerald N. Rosenberg, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model, 4 Law & Cts. 6, 7 (1994).
270. Vincent Blasi, Praise for the Court's Unpredictability, N.Y. Times, July 16, 1986, at 23.
271. Robert M. Howard & Jeffrey A. Segal, An Original Look at Originalism, 36 Law & Soc'y Rev. 113, 133 (2002)
272. Michael J. Gerhardt, The Rhetoric of Judicial Critique: From Judicial Restraint to the Virtual Bill of Rights, 10 Wm. & Mary Bill of Rights J. 585, 637-38 (2002).
273. Leonard Baker, Brandeis and Frankfurter: A Dual Biography 456 (New York Univ. Press 1984).
274. Graves v. New York ex rel. O'Keefe, 306 U.S. 466, 491 (1939) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
275. The Supreme Court in American Politics: New Institutionalist Interpretations (H. Gillman & C. W. Clayton eds., Univ. Press of Kansas 1999)
276. Keith Whittington, Once More Unto the Breach: PostBehavioralists Approaches to Judicial Politics, 25 Law & Soc. Inquiry, 601, 607 (2000) (reviewing Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches (Clayton & Gillman eds., 1999).