메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 473-482

Enhancing cardiovascular disease risk reduction: Raising high-density lipoprotein levels

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors; Fibrates; Highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol; Nicotinic acid

Indexed keywords

2 METHYLPROPANETHIOIC ACID S [2 [1 (2 ETHYLBUTYL)CYCLOHEXYLCARBOXAMIDO]PHENYL] ESTER; 2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; 3 [2 [2 CHLORO 4 [3 (2,6 DICHLOROPHENYL) 5 ISOPROPYL 4 ISOXAZOLYLMETHOXY]PHENYL]VINYL]BENZOIC ACID; ANACETRAPIB; ATORVASTATIN; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN INHIBITOR; CORDAPTIVE; CP 778875; D 4F; ET 216; EZETIMIBE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT; LAROPIPRANT; LIVER X RECEPTOR AGONIST; MURAGLITAZAR; NICOTINIC ACID; NICOTINIC ACID PLUS SIMVASTATIN; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR AGONIST; PIOGLITAZONE; PRAVASTATIN; RASAGLITAZAR; RO 4607381; ROSIGLITAZONE; SIMVASTATIN; TESAGLITAZAR; TORCETRAPIB; TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; CLOFIBRIC ACID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

EID: 69749115691     PISSN: 02684705     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32832ebfe7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (108)
  • 1
    • 26244432388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins
    • Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005; 366:1267-1278.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1267-1278
    • Baigent, C.1    Keech, A.2    Kearney, P.M.3
  • 4
    • 0017384270 scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. the Framingham study
    • Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, et al. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Am J Med 1977; 62:707-714. (Pubitemid 8110784)
    • (1977) American Journal of Medicine , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 707-714
    • Gordon, T.1    Castelli, W.P.2    Hjortland, M.C.3
  • 5
    • 0023029454 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham Study
    • Castelli WP, Garrison RJ, Wilson PW, et al. Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1986; 256:2835-2838.
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.256 , pp. 2835-2838
    • Castelli, W.P.1    Garrison, R.J.2    Wilson, P.W.3
  • 6
    • 0024230807 scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. The Framingham Heart Study
    • Wilson PW, Abbott RD, Castelli WP. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. The Framingham Heart Study. Arteriosclerosis 1988; 8:737-741.
    • (1988) Arteriosclerosis , vol.8 , pp. 737-741
    • Wilson, P.W.1    Abbott, R.D.2    Castelli, W.P.3
  • 7
    • 0024501678 scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies
    • Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation 1989; 79:8-15.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.79 , pp. 8-15
    • Gordon, D.J.1    Probstfield, J.L.2    Garrison, R.J.3
  • 8
    • 0029759109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk. The PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport
    • Assmann G, Schulte H, von Eckardstein A, Huang Y. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk. The PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport. Atherosclerosis 1996; 124 (Suppl):S11-S20.
    • (1996) Atherosclerosis , vol.124 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Assmann, G.1    Schulte, H.2    Von Eckardstein, A.3    Huang, Y.4
  • 9
    • 0031029838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated low HDL cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary heart disease mortality. A 21-year follow-up of 8000 men
    • Goldbourt U, Yaari S, Medalie JH. Isolated low HDL cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary heart disease mortality. A 21-year follow-up of 8000 men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:107-113.
    • (1997) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.17 , pp. 107-113
    • Goldbourt, U.1    Yaari, S.2    Medalie, J.H.3
  • 10
    • 29144452513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol in a pan-European survey of 8545 dyslipidaemic patients
    • DOI 10.1185/030079905X74871, 3223
    • Bruckert E, Baccara-Dinet M, McCoy F, Chapman J. High prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol in a pan-European survey of 8545 dyslipidaemic patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21:1927-1934. (Pubitemid 41803102)
    • (2005) Current Medical Research and Opinion , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 1927-1934
    • Bruckert, E.1    Baccara-Dinet, M.2    McCoy, F.3    Chapman, J.4
  • 12
    • 33845320131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular regulation of HDL metabolism and function: Implications for novel therapies
    • Rader DJ. Molecular regulation of HDL metabolism and function: implications for novel therapies. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:3090-3100.
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 3090-3100
    • Rader, D.J.1
  • 13
    • 33746766313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic elevation of HDL-cholesterol to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.02.003, PII S0163725806000234
    • Chapman MJ. Therapeutic elevation of HDL-cholesterol to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 111:893-908. (Pubitemid 44164383)
    • (2006) Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 893-908
    • Chapman, M.J.1
  • 14
    • 44349114444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting residual cardiovascular risk: Raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
    • Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Targeting residual cardiovascular risk: raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Heart 2008; 94:706-714.
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , pp. 706-714
    • Hausenloy, D.J.1    Yellon, D.M.2
  • 15
    • 0016630250 scopus 로고
    • Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease
    • Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA 1975; 231:360-381.
    • (1975) JAMA , vol.231 , pp. 360-381
  • 16
    • 0023001772 scopus 로고
    • Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: Long-term benefit with niacin
    • Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger NK, et al. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8:1245-1255.
    • (1986) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.8 , pp. 1245-1255
    • Canner, P.L.1    Berge, K.G.2    Wenger, N.K.3
  • 17
    • 0033527030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
    • Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group
    • Rubins HB, Robins SJ, Collins D, et al. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:410-418.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 410-418
    • Rubins, H.B.1    Robins, S.J.2    Collins, D.3
  • 18
    • 0023232216 scopus 로고
    • Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease
    • Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K, et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1237-1245. (Pubitemid 17147964)
    • (1987) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.317 , Issue.20 , pp. 1237-1245
    • Frick, M.H.1    Elo, O.2    Haapa, K.3
  • 19
    • 79953867783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis
    • This meta-regression analysis comprising 108 clinical studies and 300 000 patients made the controversial finding that pharmacologically raising HDL-C per se did not actually reduce cardiovascular disease risk
    • Briel M, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, You JJ, et al. Association between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 2009; 338:b92. This meta-regression analysis comprising 108 clinical studies and 300 000 patients made the controversial finding that pharmacologically raising HDL-C per se did not actually reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338
    • Briel, M.1    Ferreira-Gonzalez, I.2    You, J.J.3
  • 20
    • 2342441562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle determinants of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
    • Ellison RC, Zhang Y, Qureshi MM, et al. Lifestyle determinants of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Am Heart J 2004; 147:529-535.
    • (2004) Am Heart J , vol.147 , pp. 529-535
    • Ellison, R.C.1    Zhang, Y.2    Qureshi, M.M.3
  • 21
    • 0029029684 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of varying intensities and formats of physical activity on participation rates, fitness, and lipoproteins in men and women aged 50 to 65 years
    • King AC, Haskell WL, Young DR, et al. Long-term effects of varying intensities and formats of physical activity on participation rates, fitness, and lipoproteins in men and women aged 50 to 65 years. Circulation 1995; 91:2596-2604.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2596-2604
    • King, A.C.1    Haskell, W.L.2    Young, D.R.3
  • 22
    • 0023204884 scopus 로고
    • Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
    • Leon AS, Connett J, Jacobs DR Jr, Rauramaa R. Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA 1987; 258:2388-2395.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.258 , pp. 2388-2395
    • Leon, A.S.1    Connett, J.2    Jacobs Jr., D.R.3    Rauramaa, R.4
  • 23
    • 0024442552 scopus 로고
    • Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women
    • Blair SN, Kohl HW III, Paffenbarger RS Jr, et al. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 1989; 262:2395-2401.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 2395-2401
    • Blair, S.N.1    Kohl III, H.W.2    Paffenbarger Jr., R.S.3
  • 24
    • 0025267950 scopus 로고
    • What do muscles have to do with lipoproteins?
    • Thompson PD. What do muscles have to do with lipoproteins? Circulation 1990; 81:1428-1430.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 1428-1430
    • Thompson, P.D.1
  • 25
    • 0141737742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of cessation from cigarette smoking on the lipid and lipoprotein profiles: A meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00110-5
    • Maeda K, Noguchi Y, Fukui T. The effects of cessation from cigarette smoking on the lipid and lipoprotein profiles: a meta-analysis. Prev Med 2003; 37:283-290. (Pubitemid 37162679)
    • (2003) Preventive Medicine , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 283-290
    • Maeda, K.1    Noguchi, Y.2    Fukui, T.3
  • 26
    • 0018104481 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and HDL cholesterol. the Framingham Offspring study
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9150(78)90149-1
    • Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, Feinleib M, et al. Cigarette smoking and HDL cholesterol: the Framingham offspring study. Atherosclerosis 1978; 30:17-25. (Pubitemid 8341515)
    • (1978) Atherosclerosis , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-25
    • Garrison, R.J.1    Kannel, W.B.2    Feinleib, M.3
  • 27
    • 0034516930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sibutramine on weight maintenance after weight loss: A randomised trial. STORM Study Group. Sibutramine Trial of Obesity Reduction and Maintenance
    • James WP, Astrup A, Finer N, et al. Effect of sibutramine on weight maintenance after weight loss: a randomised trial. STORM Study Group. Sibutramine Trial of Obesity Reduction and Maintenance. Lancet 2000; 356:2119-2125.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 2119-2125
    • James, W.P.1    Astrup, A.2    Finer, N.3
  • 28
    • 0026781014 scopus 로고
    • Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: A meta-analysis
    • Dattilo AM, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 56:320-328.
    • (1992) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.56 , pp. 320-328
    • Dattilo, A.M.1    Kris-Etherton, P.M.2
  • 30
    • 0037730144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat and cardiovascular disease risk: Quantity or quality?
    • Larchmt
    • Lichtenstein AH. Dietary fat and cardiovascular disease risk: quantity or quality? J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2003; 12:109-114.
    • (2003) J Womens Health , vol.12 , pp. 109-114
    • Lichtenstein, A.H.1
  • 31
    • 0024466520 scopus 로고
    • Pronounced lowering of serum levels of lipoprotein Lp(a) in hyperlipidaemic subjects treated with nicotinic acid
    • Carlson LA, Hamsten A, Asplund A. Pronounced lowering of serum levels of lipoprotein Lp(a) in hyperlipidaemic subjects treated with nicotinic acid. J Intern Med 1989; 226:271-276. (Pubitemid 19230908)
    • (1989) Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.226 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-276
    • Carlson, L.A.1    Hamsten, A.2    Asplund, A.3
  • 32
    • 35348915303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correction of low HDL cholesterol to reduce cardiovascular risk: Practical considerations relating to the therapeutic use of prolonged-release nicotinic acid (Niaspan)
    • Vogt A, Kassner U, Hostalek U, Steinhagen-Thiessen E. Correction of low HDL cholesterol to reduce cardiovascular risk: practical considerations relating to the therapeutic use of prolonged-release nicotinic acid (Niaspan). Int J Clin Pract 2007; 61:1914-1921.
    • (2007) Int J Clin Pract , vol.61 , pp. 1914-1921
    • Vogt, A.1    Kassner, U.2    Hostalek, U.3    Steinhagen-Thiessen, E.4
  • 33
    • 2942564118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nicotinic acid receptor - A new mechanism for an old drug
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16359-9, PII S0140673604163599
    • Karpe F, Frayn KN. The nicotinic acid receptor: a new mechanism for an old drug. Lancet 2004; 363:1892-1894. (Pubitemid 38748647)
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , Issue.9424 , pp. 1892-1894
    • Karpe, F.1    Frayn, K.N.2
  • 34
    • 1242322495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of CD36 and the key effector of reverse cholesterol transport ATP-binding cassette A1 in monocytoid cells by niacin
    • DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.09.014
    • Rubic T, TrottmannM, Lorenz RL. Stimulation of CD36 and the key effector of reverse cholesterol transport ATP-binding cassette A1 in monocytoid cells by niacin. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:411-419. (Pubitemid 38236129)
    • (2004) Biochemical Pharmacology , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-419
    • Rubic, T.1    Trottmann, M.2    Lorenz, R.L.3
  • 35
    • 0031442321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niacin decreases removal of high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I but not cholesterol ester by Hep G2 cells. Implication for reverse cholesterol transport
    • Jin FY, Kamanna VS, Kashyap ML. Niacin decreases removal of high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I but not cholesterol ester by Hep G2 cells. Implication for reverse cholesterol transport. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:2020-2028.
    • (1997) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.17 , pp. 2020-2028
    • Jin, F.Y.1    Kamanna, V.S.2    Kashyap, M.L.3
  • 36
    • 10044281651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins
    • Taylor AJ, Sullenberger LE, Lee HJ, et al. Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins. Circulation 2004; 110:3512-3517.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 3512-3517
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Sullenberger, L.E.2    Lee, H.J.3
  • 37
    • 33751217682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended-release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness: ARBITER 3
    • Taylor AJ, Lee HJ, Sullenberger LE. The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended-release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness: ARBITER 3. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22:2243-2250.
    • (2006) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.22 , pp. 2243-2250
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Lee, H.J.2    Sullenberger, L.E.3
  • 39
    • 62349105940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term benefit of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising therapy with bezafibrate: 16-year mortality follow-up of the bezafibrate infarction prevention trial
    • This extended follow-up of the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP), which was originally published in 2000, reported that there was an 11% reduction in mortality in patients who were in the upper tertile of HDL-C levels following Bezafibrate therapy. The findings of this extended analysis add to the mixed data investigating whether fibrate therapy improves clinical outcomes
    • Goldenberg I, Boyko V, Tennenbaum A, et al. Long-term benefit of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising therapy with bezafibrate: 16-year mortality follow-up of the bezafibrate infarction prevention trial. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169:508-514. This extended follow-up of the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP), which was originally published in 2000, reported that there was an 11% reduction in mortality in patients who were in the upper tertile of HDL-C levels following Bezafibrate therapy. The findings of this extended analysis add to the mixed data investigating whether fibrate therapy improves clinical outcomes.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , pp. 508-514
    • Goldenberg, I.1    Boyko, V.2    Tennenbaum, A.3
  • 40
    • 0034604225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: The Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study
    • Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study. Circulation 2000; 102:21-27.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 21-27
  • 41
    • 28044452217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): Randomised controlled trial
    • Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P, et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:1849-1861.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1849-1861
    • Keech, A.1    Simes, R.J.2    Barter, P.3
  • 44
    • 41049092899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety and efficacy of a combination of niacin extended release and simvastatin in patients with dyslipidemia: The OCEANS study
    • Karas RH, Kashyap ML, Knopp RH, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of a combination of niacin extended release and simvastatin in patients with dyslipidemia: the OCEANS study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2008; 8:69-81.
    • (2008) Am J Cardiovasc Drugs , vol.8 , pp. 69-81
    • Karas, R.H.1    Kashyap, M.L.2    Knopp, R.H.3
  • 45
    • 50949133756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the safety and efficacy of a combination tablet of niacin extended release and simvastatin vs simvastatin monotherapy in patients with increased non-HDL cholesterol (from the SEACOAST I study)
    • Ballantyne CM, Davidson MH, McKenney J, et al. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of a combination tablet of niacin extended release and simvastatin vs simvastatin monotherapy in patients with increased non-HDL cholesterol (from the SEACOAST I study). Am J Cardiol 2008; 101:1428-1436.
    • (2008) Am J Cardiol , vol.101 , pp. 1428-1436
    • Ballantyne, C.M.1    Davidson, M.H.2    McKenney, J.3
  • 46
    • 11844296800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.031, PII S0735109704020625
    • Birjmohun RS, Hutten BA, Kastelein JJ, Stroes ES. Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:185-197. (Pubitemid 40094724)
    • (2005) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-197
    • Birjmohun, R.S.1    Hutten, B.A.2    Kastelein, J.J.P.3    Stroes, E.S.G.4
  • 47
    • 33645743962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of prolonged-release nicotinic acid in a usual care setting: The NAUTILUS study
    • DOI 10.1185/030079906X89766
    • Vogt A, Kassner U, Hostalek U, Steinhagen-Thiessen E. Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of prolonged-release nicotinic acid in a usual care setting: the NAUTILUS study. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22:417-425. (Pubitemid 44296766)
    • (2006) Current Medical Research and Opinion , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 417-425
    • Vogt, A.1    Kassner, U.2    Hostalek, U.3    Steinhagen-Thiessen, E.4
  • 48
    • 33646258753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans
    • Cheng K, Wu TJ, Wu KK, et al. Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6682-6687.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.103 , pp. 6682-6687
    • Cheng, K.1    Wu, T.J.2    Wu, K.K.3
  • 51
    • 41949100903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of laropiprant on nicotinic acid-induced flushing in patients with dyslipidemia
    • This was the first clinical study to demonstrate that combining laropiprant with extended release nicotinic acid could reduce flushing by 50%, the major side effect of nicotinic acid, which has hampered its clinical application
    • Paolini JF, Mitchel YB, Reyes R, et al. Effects of laropiprant on nicotinic acid-induced flushing in patients with dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101:625-630. This was the first clinical study to demonstrate that combining laropiprant with extended release nicotinic acid could reduce flushing by 50%, the major side effect of nicotinic acid, which has hampered its clinical application.
    • (2008) Am J Cardiol , vol.101 , pp. 625-630
    • Paolini, J.F.1    Mitchel, Y.B.2    Reyes, R.3
  • 56
    • 50949090201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha agonist in subjects with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Terra SG, Francone OL, Contant CF, et al. Efficacy and safety of a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha agonist in subjects with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102:434-439.
    • (2008) Am J Cardiol , vol.102 , pp. 434-439
    • Terra, S.G.1    Francone, O.L.2    Contant, C.F.3
  • 57
    • 7044253431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis comparing the effect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.164.19.2097
    • Chiquette E, Ramirez G, Defronzo R. A meta-analysis comparing the effect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164:2097-2104. (Pubitemid 39419498)
    • (2004) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.164 , Issue.19 , pp. 2097-2104
    • Chiquette, E.1    Ramirez, G.2    Defronzo, R.3
  • 58
    • 33644826717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome
    • Szapary PO, Bloedon LT, Samaha FF, et al. Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:182-188.
    • (2006) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.26 , pp. 182-188
    • Szapary, P.O.1    Bloedon, L.T.2    Samaha, F.F.3
  • 60
    • 34250212715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes
    • Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:2457-2471. (Pubitemid 46919772)
    • (2007) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.356 , Issue.24 , pp. 2457-2471
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Wolski, K.2
  • 61
    • 2542462552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ragaglitazar improves glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic subjects: A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging study with an open pioglitazone arm
    • DOI 10.2337/diacare.27.6.1324
    • Saad MF, Greco S, Osei K, et al. Ragaglitazar improves glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic subjects: a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging study with an open pioglitazone arm. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:1324-1329. (Pubitemid 38679978)
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 1324-1329
    • Saad, M.F.1    Greco, S.2    Osei, K.3    Lewin, A.J.4    Edwards, C.5    Nunez, M.6    Reinhardt, R.R.7
  • 62
    • 28144451163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of muraglitazar on death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • DOI 10.1001/jama.294.20.joc50147
    • Nissen SE, Wolski K, Topol EJ. Effect of muraglitazar on death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2005; 294:2581-2586. (Pubitemid 41697247)
    • (2005) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.294 , Issue.20 , pp. 2581-2586
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Wolski, K.2    Topol, E.J.3
  • 63
    • 33846028506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tesaglitazar, a dual PPAR alpha/gamma agonist, on glucose and lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12-week dose-ranging trial
    • DOI 10.1185/030079906X154169
    • Goldstein BJ, Rosenstock J, Anzalone D, et al. Effect of tesaglitazar, a dual PPAR alpha/gamma agonist, on glucose and lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week dose-ranging trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22:2575-2590. (Pubitemid 46048373)
    • (2006) Current Medical Research and Opinion , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 2575-2590
    • Goldstein, B.J.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Anzalone, D.3    Tou, C.4    Ohman, K.P.5
  • 64
    • 0033049802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic basis of high density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I increase by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in healthy subjects and a patient with coronary artery disease
    • DOI 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00053-2, PII S0021915099000532
    • Schaefer JR, Schweer H, Ikewaki K, et al. Metabolic basis of high density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I increase by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in healthy subjects and a patient with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1999; 144:177-184. (Pubitemid 29259979)
    • (1999) Atherosclerosis , vol.144 , Issue.1 , pp. 177-184
    • Schaefer, J.R.1    Schweer, H.2    Ikewaki, K.3    Stracke, H.4    Seyberth, H.J.5    Kaffarnik, H.6    Maisch, B.7    Steinmetz, A.8
  • 65
    • 0002840793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut-acting drugs for lowering cholesterol
    • Black DM. Gut-acting drugs for lowering cholesterol. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2002; 4:71-75.
    • (2002) Curr Atheroscler Rep , vol.4 , pp. 71-75
    • Black, D.M.1
  • 66
    • 0036226511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of HDL, from Japanese white rabbit administered a new cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor JTT-705, on cholesteryl ester accumulation induced by acetylated low density lipoprotein in J774 macrophage
    • DOI 10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00705-5, PII S0021915001007055
    • Kobayashi J, Okamoto H, Otabe M, et al. Effect of HDL, from Japanese white rabbit administered a new cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor JTT-705, on cholesteryl ester accumulation induced by acetylated low density lipoprotein in J774 macrophage. Atherosclerosis 2002; 162:131-135. (Pubitemid 34327350)
    • (2002) Atherosclerosis , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-135
    • Kobayashi, J.1    Okamoto, H.2    Otabe, M.3    Bujo, H.4    Saito, Y.5
  • 67
    • 0037327033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: A novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis
    • Barter PJ, Brewer HB Jr, Chapman MJ, et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23:160-167.
    • (2003) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.23 , pp. 160-167
    • Barter, P.J.1    Brewer Jr., H.B.2    Chapman, M.J.3
  • 70
    • 33750477286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and Safety of Torcetrapib, a Novel Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor, in Individuals with Below-Average High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.067, PII S0735109706019917
    • Davidson MH, McKenney JM, Shear CL, Revkin JH. Efficacy and safety of torcetrapib, a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, in individuals with below-average high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:1774-1781. (Pubitemid 44648633)
    • (2006) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.48 , Issue.9 , pp. 1774-1781
    • Davidson, M.H.1    McKenney, J.M.2    Shear, C.L.3    Revkin, J.H.4
  • 72
    • 34447265547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torcetrapib and carotid intima-media thickness in mixed dyslipidaemia (RADIANCE 2 study): A randomised, double-blind trial
    • Bots ML, Visseren FL, Evans GW, et al. Torcetrapib and carotid intima-media thickness in mixed dyslipidaemia (RADIANCE 2 study): a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2007; 370:153-160.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 153-160
    • Bots, M.L.1    Visseren, F.L.2    Evans, G.W.3
  • 74
    • 58149380516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib and off-target toxicity: A pooled analysis of the rating atherosclerotic disease change by imaging with a new CETP inhibitor (RADIANCE) trials
    • This post-hoc analysis of the RADIANCE trials [69,70] discovered that patients treated with torcetrapib had higher serum levels of sodium and bicarbonate, with lower serum levels of potassium associated with elevated plasma levels of aldosterone, suggesting an off-target toxic effect of this drug
    • Vergeer M, Bots ML, van Leuven SI, et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib and off-target toxicity: a pooled analysis of the rating atherosclerotic disease change by imaging with a new CETP inhibitor (RADIANCE) trials. Circulation 2008; 118:2515-2522. This post-hoc analysis of the RADIANCE trials [69,70] discovered that patients treated with torcetrapib had higher serum levels of sodium and bicarbonate, with lower serum levels of potassium associated with elevated plasma levels of aldosterone, suggesting an off-target toxic effect of this drug.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 2515-2522
    • Vergeer, M.1    Bots, M.L.2    Van Leuven, S.I.3
  • 75
    • 48149106322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torcetrapib-induced blood pressure elevation is independent of CETP inhibition and is accompanied by increased circulating levels of aldosterone
    • This excellent preclinical study demonstrated that torcetrapib treatment resulted in an acute elevation of systemic blood pressure and increased circulating levels of aldosterone and corticosterone, findings that may have contributed to the adverse events, lack of benefit in terms of atherosclerosis progression [69-71] and elevated blood pressure noted in the clinical studies. Crucially, no toxic effects were observed with the other CETP inhibitor, anacetrapib, which is in clinical development
    • Forrest MJ, Bloomfield D, Briscoe RJ, et al. Torcetrapib-induced blood pressure elevation is independent of CETP inhibition and is accompanied by increased circulating levels of aldosterone. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1465-1473. This excellent preclinical study demonstrated that torcetrapib treatment resulted in an acute elevation of systemic blood pressure and increased circulating levels of aldosterone and corticosterone, findings that may have contributed to the adverse events, lack of benefit in terms of atherosclerosis progression [69-71] and elevated blood pressure noted in the clinical studies. Crucially, no toxic effects were observed with the other CETP inhibitor, anacetrapib, which is in clinical development.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.154 , pp. 1465-1473
    • Forrest, M.J.1    Bloomfield, D.2    Briscoe, R.J.3
  • 76
    • 66449084532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torcetrapib induces aldosterone and cortisol production by an intracellular calcium-mediated mechanism independently of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition
    • Hu X, Dietz JD, Xia C, et al. Torcetrapib induces aldosterone and cortisol production by an intracellular calcium-mediated mechanism independently of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2211-2219.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 2211-2219
    • Hu, X.1    Dietz, J.D.2    Xia, C.3
  • 78
    • 58649091088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor anacetrapib as monotherapy and coadministered with atorvastatin in dyslipidemic patients
    • Bloomfield D, Carlson GL, Sapre A, et al. Efficacy and safety of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor anacetrapib as monotherapy and coadministered with atorvastatin in dyslipidemic patients. Am Heart J 2009; 157:352-360.
    • (2009) Am Heart J , vol.157 , pp. 352-360
    • Bloomfield, D.1    Carlson, G.L.2    Sapre, A.3
  • 79
    • 0037035459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, JTT-705, in humans: A randomized phase II dose-response study
    • de Grooth GJ, Kuivenhoven JA, Stalenhoef AF, et al. Efficacy and safety of a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, JTT-705, in humans: a randomized phase II dose-response study. Circulation 2002; 105:2159-2165.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2159-2165
    • De Grooth, G.J.1    Kuivenhoven, J.A.2    Stalenhoef, A.F.3
  • 81
    • 66649128907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No increase in the in vitro production of aldosterone or the expression of CYP11B2 with the CETP modulator dalcetrapib (RO4607381/JTT-705), in contrast with torcetrapib
    • abstract
    • Capponi AM, Clerc RG, Campos L. No increase in the in vitro production of aldosterone or the expression of CYP11B2 with the CETP modulator dalcetrapib (RO4607381/JTT-705), in contrast with torcetrapib [abstract]. Circulation 2008; 118:S452.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118
    • Capponi, A.M.1    Clerc, R.G.2    Campos, L.3
  • 82
    • 0025322265 scopus 로고
    • Regression of atherosclerotic lesions by high density lipoprotein plasma fraction in the cholesterol-fed rabbit
    • Badimon JJ, Badimon L, Fuster V. Regression of atherosclerotic lesions by high density lipoprotein plasma fraction in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. J Clin Invest 1990; 85:1234-1241. (Pubitemid 20123768)
    • (1990) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 1234-1241
    • Badimon, J.J.1    Badimon, L.2    Fuster, V.3
  • 83
    • 0019226420 scopus 로고
    • A-I(Milano) apoprotein. Decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with significant lipoprotein modifications and without clinical atherosclerosis in an Italian family
    • Franceschini G, Sirtori CR, Capurso A, et al. A-IMilano apoprotein. Decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with significant lipoprotein modifications and without clinical atherosclerosis in an Italian family. J Clin Invest 1980; 66:892-900. (Pubitemid 11233787)
    • (1980) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.66 , Issue.5 , pp. 892-900
    • Franceschini, G.1    Sirtori, C.R.2    Capurso, A.3
  • 85
    • 44649143930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of high-density lipoproteins: Biochemical basis and clinical findings
    • DOI 10.1097/HCO.0b013e3283007ccd, PII 0000157320080700000016
    • Chiesa G, Parolini C, Sirtori CR. Acute effects of high-density lipoproteins: biochemical basis and clinical findings. Curr Opin Cardiol 2008; 23:379-385. This excellent review article provides an up-to-date overview of the diverse approaches to administer agents capable of mimicking HDL-C. (Pubitemid 351787104)
    • (2008) Current Opinion in Cardiology , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 379-385
    • Chiesa, G.1    Parolini, C.2    Sirtori, C.R.3
  • 88
    • 4544383898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral D-4F causes formation of prebeta high-density lipoprotein and improves high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages in apolipoprotein E-null mice
    • Navab M, Anantharamaiah GM, Reddy ST, et al. Oral D-4F causes formation of prebeta high-density lipoprotein and improves high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation 2004; 109:3215-3220.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 3215-3220
    • Navab, M.1    Anantharamaiah, G.M.2    Reddy, S.T.3
  • 89
    • 0037154287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of an apo A-I mimetic peptide synthesized from D-amino acids dramatically reduces atherosclerosis in mice independent of plasma cholesterol
    • DOI 10.1161/hc0302.103711
    • Navab M, Anantharamaiah GM, Hama S, et al. Oral administration of an Apo A-I mimetic Peptide synthesized from D-amino acids dramatically reduces atherosclerosis in mice independent of plasma cholesterol. Circulation 2002; 105:290-292. (Pubitemid 34106174)
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , Issue.3 , pp. 290-292
    • Navab, M.1    Anantharamaiah, G.M.2    Hama, S.3    Garber, D.W.4    Chaddha, M.5    Hough, G.6    Lallone, R.7    Fogelman, A.M.8
  • 90
    • 48549103014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral apoA-I mimetic peptide D-4F in high-risk cardiovascular patients
    • This preliminary clinical study demonstrated the safety of an orally bioavailable APOA-I mimetic peptide D-4F, which has been reported in preclinical studies to elevate HDL-C and target atherosclerosis
    • Bloedon LT, Dunbar R, Duffy D, et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral apoA-I mimetic peptide D-4F in high-risk cardiovascular patients. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1344-1352. This preliminary clinical study demonstrated the safety of an orally bioavailable APOA-I mimetic peptide D-4F, which has been reported in preclinical studies to elevate HDL-C and target atherosclerosis.
    • (2008) J Lipid Res , vol.49 , pp. 1344-1352
    • Bloedon, L.T.1    Dunbar, R.2    Duffy, D.3
  • 93
    • 0141988863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral synthetic phospholipid (DMPC) raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, improves high-density lipoprotein function, and markedly reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000089375.60050.35
    • Navab M, Hama S, Hough G, Fogelman AM. Oral synthetic phospholipid (DMPC) raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, improves high-density lipoprotein function, and markedly reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation 2003; 108:1735-1739. (Pubitemid 37243663)
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , Issue.14 , pp. 1735-1739
    • Navab, M.1    Hama, S.2    Hough, G.3    Fogelman, A.M.4
  • 95
    • 36348932064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver X receptor and farnesoid X receptor as therapeutic targets
    • Rader DJ. Liver X receptor and farnesoid X receptor as therapeutic targets. Am J Cardiol 2007; 100:n15-n19.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol , vol.100
    • Rader, D.J.1
  • 97
    • 0037432165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-0901317, a synthetic liver X receptor ligand, inhibits development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice
    • DOI 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03578-0, PII S0014579302035780
    • Terasaka N, Hiroshima A, Koieyama T, et al. T-0901317, a synthetic liver X receptor ligand, inhibits development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. FEBS Lett 2003; 536:6-11. (Pubitemid 36206397)
    • (2003) FEBS Letters , vol.536 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 6-11
    • Terasaka, N.1    Hiroshima, A.2    Koieyama, T.3    Ubukata, N.4    Morikawa, Y.5    Nakai, D.6    Inaba, T.7
  • 100
    • 37349010675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FXR signaling in metabolic disease
    • Zhang Y, Edwards PA. FXR signaling in metabolic disease. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:10-18.
    • (2008) FEBS Lett , vol.582 , pp. 10-18
    • Zhang, Y.1    Edwards, P.A.2
  • 101
    • 49649096838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial Lipase: A key player in HDL metabolism modulates inflammation and atherosclerotic risk
    • DeSantis P, Coleman T, Schiekofer S, et al. Endothelial Lipase: a key player in HDL metabolism modulates inflammation and atherosclerotic risk. Mini Rev Med Chem 2008; 8:619-627.
    • (2008) Mini Rev Med Chem , vol.8 , pp. 619-627
    • DeSantis, P.1    Coleman, T.2    Schiekofer, S.3
  • 105
  • 106
    • 33644842749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial lipase concentrations are increased in metabolic syndrome and associated with coronary atherosclerosis
    • Badellino KO, Wolfe ML, Reilly MP, Rader DJ. Endothelial lipase concentrations are increased in metabolic syndrome and associated with coronary atherosclerosis. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e22.
    • (2006) PLoS Med , vol.3
    • Badellino, K.O.1    Wolfe, M.L.2    Reilly, M.P.3    Rader, D.J.4
  • 107
    • 40149083940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial lipase is increased in vivo by inflammation in humans
    • Badellino KO, Wolfe ML, Reilly MP, Rader DJ. Endothelial lipase is increased in vivo by inflammation in humans. Circulation 2008; 117:678-685.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 678-685
    • Badellino, K.O.1    Wolfe, M.L.2    Reilly, M.P.3    Rader, D.J.4
  • 108
    • 65249186429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss-of-function variants in endothelial lipase are a cause of elevated HDL cholesterol in humans
    • Edmondson AC, Brown RJ, Kathiresan S, et al. Loss-of-function variants in endothelial lipase are a cause of elevated HDL cholesterol in humans. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1042-1050.
    • (2009) J Clin Invest , vol.119 , pp. 1042-1050
    • Edmondson, A.C.1    Brown, R.J.2    Kathiresan, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.