Silibinin modulates biotransforming microbial enzymes and prevents 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced preneoplastic changes in experimental colon cancer

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 385-394

  Sangeetha, Nagarajan ^a   Felix, Ambrose John William ^a   Nalini, Namasivayam ^a  

^a ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Chemoprevention; Colon cancer; Faecal water; Microbial enzymes; Silibinin

Indexed keywords

1,2 DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE; BETA GALACTOSIDASE; BETA GLUCOSIDASE; BETA GLUCURONIDASE; HYALURONIDASE; MICROBIAL ENZYME; NITROREDUCTASE; SILIBININ; SULFATASE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CANCER PREVENTION; COLON CANCER; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG EFFECT; ENZYME ACTIVITY; LONG TERM CARE; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT;

1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE; ANIMALS; ANTICARCINOGENIC AGENTS; BACTERIA; BODY WEIGHT; COLON; COLONIC NEOPLASMS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; MALE; PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; SILYMARIN;

EID: 69749108159     PISSN: 09598278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e32832d1b4f     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. American Cancer Society (2008). Colorectal cancer facts and figures. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society.
2. Bird RP (1995). Role of aberrant crypt foci in understanding the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Cancer Lett 93:55-71.
3. Bruce WR, Giacca A, Medline A (2000). Possible mechanisms relating diet and risk of colon cancer. Cancer Epidem Biomar 9:1271-1294. (Pubitemid 32044794)
4. Cole CB, Fuller R, Mallet AK, Rowland IR (1985). The influence of the host on expression of intestinal microbial enzyme activities involved in metabolism of foreign compounds. J Appl Bacteriol 59:549-553. (Pubitemid 16147031)
5. Deplancke B, Gaskins HR (2001). Microbial modulation of innate defense: goblet cells and the intestinal mucus layer. Am J Clin Nutr 73:1131S-1141S.
6. Devasena T, Menon VP (2003). Fenugreek affects the activity of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase in the colon. Phytother Res 17:1088-1091. (Pubitemid 37351586)
7. Fiala ES (1977). Investigations into the metabolism and mode of action of the colon carcinogen 1,2- dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane. Cancer 40:2436-2445.
8. Freeman HJ (1986). Effects of differing purified cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses fiber diets on faecal enzymes in 1,2 dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 46:5529-5532.
9. Goh KL, Quek KF, Yeo GT, Hilmi IN, Lee CK, Hasnida N, et al. (2005). Colorectal cancer in Asians: a demographic and anatomy survey in Malaysian patients undergoing colonoscopy. Aliment Pharm Therap 22:859-864. (Pubitemid 41564366)
10. Goldin BR (1986). In situ bacterial metabolism and colon mutagens. Annu Rev Microbio 40:367-393.
11. Goldin BR, Gorbach SL (1976). The relationship between diet and rat faecal bacterial enzymes implicated in colon cancer. J Natl Cancer I 57:371-375.
12. Goldin B, Gorbach SL (1977). Alterations in faecal microflora enzymes related to diet, age, lactobacillus supplements, and dimethylhydrazine. Cancer 40:2421-2426. (Pubitemid 8237741)
13. Hague A, Manning AM, Hanlon KA, Huschtscha LI, Hart D, Paraskeva C (1993). Sodium butyrate induces apoptosis in human colonic tumor cell lines in a p53-independent pathway: implications for the possible role of dietary fibre in the prevention of large-bowel cancer. Int J Cancer 55:498-505. (Pubitemid 23300605)
14. Halliwell B, Zhao K, Whiteman M (2000). The gastrointestinal tract: a major site of antioxidant action? Free Radical Res 33:819-830.
15. Hambly RJ, Rumney CJ, Cunningham M, Fletcher JM, Rijken PJ, Rowland IR (1997). Influence of diets containing high and low risk factors for colon cancer on early stages of carcinogenesis in human flora-associated (HFA) rats. Carcinogenesis 18:1535-1539.
16. Heavey PM, Rowland IR (2004). Microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. Gastrointestinal cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 18:323-336.
17. Horváth ME, González-Cabello R, Blázovics A, Van Der Looij M, Barta I, Müzes G, et al. (2001). Effect of silibinin and vitamin E on restoration of cellular immune response after partial hepatectomy. J Ethnopharmacol 77:227-232. (Pubitemid 32776625)
18. Hughes R, Rowland IR (2000). Metabolic activities of gut microflora in relation to cancer. Microb Ecol Health and Disease Supp l2:179-185. (Pubitemid 32056936)
19. Jiang C, Agarwal R, Lü J (2000). Anti-angiogenic potential of a cancer chemopreventive flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin: inhibition of key attributes of vascular endothelial cells and angiogenic cytokine secretion by cancer epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 276:371-378.
20. Kato R, Oshima T, Takanaka AL (1968). Studies on the mechanism of nitro reduction by rat liver. Mol Pharmacol 4:541-548.
21. Kim DH, Jin YH (2001). Intestinal bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity of patients with colon cancer. Arch Pharm Res 24:564-567.
22. Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (1996). Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell 87:159-170.
23. Lee SM, Lee WK (2001). Effect of lactic acid bacteria on intestinal microbial enzyme activity and composition in rats treated with azoxymethane. J Microb 39:154-161. (Pubitemid 33372163)
24. Lee SJ, Lim KT (2008). A 116-kDa phytoglycoprotein inhibits aberrant crypt foci formation through modulation of manganese superoxide dismutase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-kappa B, activator protein-1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine/dextran sodium sulfate-treated ICR mice. Eur J Cancer Prev 17:479-488.
25. Lee HC, Jenner AM, Low CS, Lee YK (2006). Effect of tea phenolics and their aromatic faecal bacterial metabolites on intestinal microbiota. Res Microbiol 157:876-884.
26. Ling WH (1995). Diet and colonic microflora interaction in colorectal cancer. Nutr Res 15:439-454.
27. Locher R, Suter PM, Weyhenmeyer R, Vetter W (1998). Inhibitory action of silibinin on low density lipoprotein oxidation. Drug Res 48:236-239. (Pubitemid 28145656)
28. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Fare AL, Randall RJ (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265-275.
29. Manju V, Balasubramaniyan V, Nalini N (2005). Rat colonic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status: the effects of dietary luteolin on 1,2 - dimethylhydrazine challenge. Cell Mol Biol Lett 10:535-551. (Pubitemid 41564523)
30. McBain AJ, Macfarlane GT (1998). Ecological and physiological studies on large intestinal bacteria in relation to production of hydrolytic and reductive enzymes involved in formation of genotoxic metabolites. J Med Microbiol 47:407-416.
31. Mori H, Hata K, Yamada Y, Kuno T, Hara A (2005). Significance and role of early - lesions in experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. Chem-Biol Interact 155:1-9. (Pubitemid 40835985)
32. Nakagama H, Nakanishi M, Ochiai M (2005). Modeling human colon cancer in rodents using a food-borne carcinogen, PhIP. Cancer Sci 96:627-636. (Pubitemid 41723538)
33. Nalini N, Manju V, Menon VP (1998). Effect of coconut cake on the bacterial enzyme activities in 1,2 dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer. Clin Chim Acta 342:203-210.
34. Nelson N (1944). A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. J Biol Chem 153:375-380.
35. Ochiai M, Watanabe M, Nakanishi M, Taguchi A, Sugimura T, Nakagama H (2005). Differential staining of dysplastic aberrant crypt foci in the colon facilitates prediction of carcinogenic potentials of chemicals in rats. Cancer Lett 220:67-74. (Pubitemid 40312019)
36. Onoue M, Kado S, Sakaitani Y, Uchida K, Morotomi M (1997). Specific species of intestinal bacteria influence the induction of aberrant crypt foci by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine in rats. Cancer Lett 113:179-186. (Pubitemid 27113247)
37. Otori K, Sugiyama K, Hasebe T, Fukushima S, Esumi H (1995). Emergence of adenomatous aberrant crypt foci (ACF) from hyperplastic ACF with concomitant increase in cell proliferation. Cancer Res 55:4743-4746.
38. Ouwehand AC, Lagström H, Suomalainen T, Salminen S (2002). Effect of probiotics on constipation, faecal azoreductase activity and faecal mucin content in the elderly. Ann Nutr Metab 46:159-162. (Pubitemid 34920700)
39. Panneerselvam J, Aranganathan S, Nalini N (2008). Aberrant crypt foci and AgNORS as putative biomarkers to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of pronyl-lysine in rat colon carcinogenesis. Invest New Drug 9:127-129.
40. Pretlow TP, Roukhadze EV, O'Riordan MA, Chan JC, Amini SB, Stellato TA (1994). Carcinoembryonic antigen in human colonic aberrant crypt foci. Gastroenterology 107:1719-1725.
41. Rafter J, Geltner U, Bruce R (1987). Cellular toxicity of human faecal water - possible role in aetiology of colon cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 129:245-250. (Pubitemid 17114389)
42. Rashidkhani B, Lindblad P, Wolk A (2005). Fruits, vegetables and risk of renal cell carcinoma: a prospective study of Swedish women. Int J Cancer 113:451-455. (Pubitemid 40038714)
43. Reddy BS, Narisawa T, Maronpot R, Weisburger JH, Wynder EL (1995). Animal models for the study of dietary factors and cancer of the large bowel. Cancer Res 35:3421-3426.
44. Rowland IR, Mallet AK, Wise A (1983). A comparision of the activity of five microbial enzymes in caecal content from rats, mice and hamsters and response to dietary pectin. Toxicol Appl Pharm 69:143-148.
45. Rowland IR, Rumney CJ, Coutts JT, Lievense LC (1998). Effect of Bifidobacterium longum and inulin on gut bacterial metabolism and carcinogen-induced aberrant crypt foci in rats. Carcinogenesis 19:281-285.
46. Samelson SL, Nelson RL, Nyhus LM (1985). Protective role of faecal pH in experimental colon carcinogenesis. J Roy Soc Med 8:230-233.
47. Scalbert A, Morand C, Manach C, Rémésy C (2002). Absorption and metabolism of polyphenols in the gut and impact on health. Biomed Pharmaco 56:276-282. (Pubitemid 35245310)
48. Sengottuvelan M, Nalini N (2006). Dietary supplementation of resveratrol suppresses colonic tumor incidence in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats by modulating biotransforming enzymes and aberrant crypt foci development. Br J Nutr 96:145-153. (Pubitemid 44160908)
49. Sengupta A, Ghosh S, Das RK, Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharya S (2006). Chemopreventive potential of diallylsulfide, lycopene and theaflavin during chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rat colon through modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase pathways. Eur J Cancer Prev 15:301-305. (Pubitemid 44060487)
50. Serraino M, Thompson LU (1992). Flaxseed supplementation and early markers of colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 63:159-165.
51. Shiau SY, Chang GW (1983). Effects of dietary fiber on faecal mucinase and b-glucuronidase activity in rats. J Nutr 113:138-144.
52. Smith AJ, Stern HS, Penner M, Hay K, Mitri A, Bapat BV, Gallinger S (1994). Somatic APC and K-ras codon 12 mutations in aberrant crypt foci from human colons. Cancer Res 54:5527-5530. (Pubitemid 24346239)
53. Souleimani A, Asselin C (1993). Regulation of C-fos expression by sodium butyrate in the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 193:330-336. (Pubitemid 23199951)
54. Teitelbaum JE, Walker WA (2002). Nutritional impact of pre and probiotics as protective gastrointestinal organisms. Annu Rev Nutr 22:107-138.
55. Velmurugan B, Singh RP, Tyagi A, Agarwal R (2008). Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci formation by silibinin in male Fisher 344 rats. Cancer Prev Res 1:376-384.
56. Venturi M, Hambly RJ, Glinghammar B, Rafter JJ, Rowland IR (1997). Genotoxic activity in human faecal water and the role of bile acids: a study using the alkaline comet assay. Carcinogenesis 18:2353-2359. (Pubitemid 28134649)
57. Yoshimi N, Morioka T, Kinjo T, Inamine M, Kaneshiro T, Shimizu T, et al. (2004). Histological and immunohistochemical observations of mucin-depleted foci (MDF) stained with Alcian blue, in rat colon carcinogenesis induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. Cancer Sci 95:792-797. (Pubitemid 39545584)
58. Zhao J, Sharma Y, Agarwal R (1999). Significant inhibition by the flavonoid antioxidant silymarin against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-caused modulation of antioxidant and inflammatory enzymes, and cyclooxygenase 2 and interleukin-1alpha expression in SENCAR mouse epidermis: implications in the prevention of stage I tumor promotion. Mol Carcinogen 26:321-333.