Memory modulation

Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 521-553

  McGaugh, J L ^a   Roozendaal, B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Acetylcholine; Basolateral amygdale; Caudate nucleus; Corticosterone; Emotional arousal; Epinephrine; Glucocorticoids; Hippocampus; Inhibitory avoidance; Memory consolidation; Memory extinction; Memory retrieval; Neocortex; Norepinephrine; Retrograde amnesia; Stress hormones; Working memory

Indexed keywords

EID: 69249239100     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012370509-9.00113-3     Document Type: Chapter

References (368)

1. K. Abe Modulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation by the amygdala: A synaptic mechanism linking emotion and memory Jap. J. Pharmacol. 86 2001 18-22.
2. H.C. Abercrombie., N.H. Kalin., M.E. Thurow., M.A. Rosenkranz., R.J. Davidson Cortisol variation in humans affects memory for emotionally laden and neutral information Behav. Neurosci. 117 2003 506-516.
3. H.C. Abercrombie., N.S. Speck., R.M. Monticelli Endogenous cortisol elevations are related to memory facilitation only in individuals who are emotionally aroused Psychoneuroendocrinology 31 2006 187-196.
4. R. Adolphs., L. Cahill., R. Schul., R. Babinsky Impaired declarative memory for emotional material following bilateral amygdala damage in humans Learn. Mem. 4 1997 51-54.
5. B.W. Agranoff Biochemical events mediating the formation of short-term and long-term memory Y. Tsukada., W. Agranoff Neurobiological Basis of Learning and Memory 1980 Wiley New York 135-147.
6. A. Aguilar-Valles., E. Sanchez., P. de Gortari., et al. Analysis of the stress response in rats trained in the water-maze: Differential expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone, CRH-R1, glucocorticoid receptors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in limbic regions Neuroendocrinology 82 2005 306-319.
7. I. Akirav NMDA partial agonist reverses blocking of extinction of aversive memory by GABA(A) agonist in the amygdala Neuropsychopharmacology 32 2007 542-550.
8. I. Akirav., G. Richter-Levin Biphasic modulation of hippocampal plasticity by behavioral stress and basolateral amygdala stimulation in the rat J. Neurosci. 19 1999 10530-10535.
9. I. Akirav., G. Richter-Levin Mechanisms of amygdala modulation of hippocampal plasticity J. Neurosci. 22 2002 9912-9921.
10. W. Almaguer-Melian., L. Martinez-Marti., J.U. Frey., J.A. Bergado The amygdala is part of the behavioural reinforcement system modulating long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus Neuroscience 119 2003 319-322.
11. H.J. Altman., W.S. Stone., S.O. Ogren Evidence for a possible functional interaction between serotonergic and cholinergic mechanisms in memory retrieval Behav. Neural Biol. 48 1987 49-62.
12. S. Arbilla., S.A. Langer Morphine and β-endorphin inhibit release of noradrenaline from cerebral cortex but not of dopamine from rat striatum Nature 271 1978 559-561.
13. P. Ardenghi., D. Barros., L.A. Izquierdo., et al. Late and prolonged post-training memory modulation in entorhinal and parietal cortex by drugs acting on the cAMP/protein kinase A signalling pathway Behav. Pharm. 8 1997 745-751.
14. A.F.T. Arnsten., P.S. Goldman-Rakic Noise stress impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function in monkeys: Evidence for a hyperdopaminergic mechanism Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 55 1998 362-369.
15. A.F.T. Arnsten., J.D. Jentsch The alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, cirazoline, impairs spatial working memory performance in aged monkeys Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 58 1997 55-59.
16. A.F.T. Arnsten., R. Mathew., R. Ubriani., J.R. Taylor., B.M. Li Alpha-1 noradrenergic receptor stimulation impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function Biol. Psychiatry 45 1999 26-31.
17. E. Baldi., C. Lorenzini., B. Sacchetti., G. Tassoni., C. Bucherelli Effects of combined medial septal area, fimbria-fornix and entorhinal cortex tetrodotoxin inactivations on passive avoidance response consolidation in the rat Brain Res. 821 1999 503-510.
18. C.M. Baratti., I.B. Introini., P. Huygens Possible interaction between central cholinergic muscarinic and opioid peptidergic systems during memory consolidation in mice Behav. Neural Biol. 40 1984 155-169.
19. a and cholinergic muscarinic receptors in cortical structures of the rat Behav. Brain Res. 124 2001 1-7.
20. D.M. Barros., P. Pereira., J.H. Medina., I. Izquierdo Modulation of working memory and of long, but not short-term memory by cholinergic mechanisms in the basolateral amygdala Behav. Pharmacol. 13 2002 163-167.
21. M. Beato., P. Herrlich., G. Schutz Steroid hormone receptors: Many actors in search of a plot Cell 83 1995 851-857.
22. D.J. Berlau., J.L. McGaugh Enhancement of extinction memory consolidation: The role of the noradrenergic and GABAergic systems within the basolateral amygdala Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 86 2006 123-132.
23. P. Bernaerts., Y. Lamberty., E. Tirelli Histamine H3 antagonist thioperamide dose-dependently enhances memory consolidation and reverses amnesia induced by dizocilpine or scopolamine in a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task in mice Behav. Brain Res. 154 2004 211-219.
24. M. Bianchin., T. Mello e Souza., J.H. Medina., I. Izquierdo The amygdala is involved in the modulation of long-term memory, but not in working or short-term memory Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 71 1999 127-131.
25. S. Birnbaum., K.T. Gobeske., J. Auerbach., J.R. Taylor., A.F.T. Arnsten A role for norepinephrine in stress-induced cognitive deficits: Alpha-1-adrenoceptor mediation in the prefrontal cortex Biol. Psychiatry 46 1999 1266-1274.
26. B. Bohus Pituitary-adrenal influences on avoidance and approach behavior of the rat E. Zimmerman., W.H. Gispen. B.H. Marks., D. de Wied Progress in Brain Research. Drugs Effects on Neuroendocrine Regulations 1973 Elsevier Amsterdam 407-430.
27. B. Bohus Vasopressin, oxytocin and memory: Effects on consolidation and retrieval processes Acta. Psychiatr. Belg. 80 1980 714-720.
28. B. Bohus Humoral modulation of memory processes. Physiological significance of brain and peripheral mechanisms J. Delacour. The Memory System of the BrainAdvanced Series of Neuroscience vol. 4 1994 World Scientific New Jersey 337-364.
29. M. Boujabit., B. Bontempi., C. Destrade., P. Gisquet-Verrier Exposure to a retrieval cue in rats induces changes in regional brain glucose metabolism in the amygdala and other related brain structures Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 79 2003 57-71.
30. J. Borrell., E.R. de Kloet., B. Bohus Corticosterone decreases the efficacy of adrenaline to affect passive avoidance retention of adrenalectomized rats Life Sci. 34 1984 99-104.
31. J. Borrell., E.R. de Kloet., D.H. Versteeg., B. Bohus Inhibitory avoidance deficit following short-term adrenalectomy in the rat: The role of adrenal catecholamines Behav. Neural Biol. 39 1983 241-258.
32. R.A. Breen., J.L. McGaugh Facilitation of maze learning with posttrial injections of picrotoxin J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 54 1961 498-501.
33. J.D. Brioni., J.L. McGaugh Post-training administration of GABAergic antagonists enhances retention of aversively motivated tasks Psychopharmacology 96 1988 505-510.
34. J.D. Brioni., A.H. Nagahara., J.L. McGaugh Involvement of the amygdala GABAergic system in the modulation of memory storage Brain Res. 487 1989 105-112.
35. G.N.O. Brito., G.J. Thomas., B.J. Davis., S.I. Gingold Prelimbic cortex, mediodorsal thalamus, septum and delayed alternation in rats Exp. Brain Res. 46 1982 52-58.
36. T. Brozoski., R.M. Brown., H.E. Rosvold., P.S. Goldman Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey Science 205 1979 929-931.
37. M. Bubser., W. Schmidt 6-OHDA lesion of the rat prefrontal cortex increases locomotor activity, impairs acquisition of delayed alternation tasks, but does not affect uninterrupted tasks in the radial maze Behav. Brain Res. 37 1990 157-168.
38. T.W. Buchanan., R. Adolphs The neuroanatomy of emotional memory in humans D. Reisberg., P. Hertel Emotion and Memory 2004 Oxford University Press Oxford 42-75.
39. T.W. Buchanan., W.R. Lovallo Enhanced memory for emotional material following stress-level cortisol treatment in humans Psychoneuroendocrinology 26 2001 307-317.
40. C. Buss., O.T. Wolf., J. Witt., D.H. Hellhammer Autobiographic memory impairment following acute cortisol administration Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 2004 1093-1096.
41. L. Cahill Modulation of long-term memory in humans by emotional arousal: Adrenergic activation and the amygdala J.P. Aggleton. The Amygdala 2000 Oxford University Press London 425-446.
42. L. Cahill., M. Alkire Epinephrine enhancement of human memory consolidation: Interaction with arousal at encoding Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 79 2003 194-198.
43. L. Cahill., R. Babinsky., H.J. Markowitsch., J.L. McGaugh The amygdala and emotional memory Nature 377 1995 295-296.
44. L. Cahill., L. Gorski., K. Le Enhanced human memory consolidation with post-learning stress: Interaction with the degree of arousal at encoding Learn. Mem. 10 2003 270-274.
45. L. Cahill., R.J. Haier., J. Fallon., et al. Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 1996 8016-8021.
46. L. Cahill., R.J. Haier., N.S. White., et al. Sex-related difference in amygdala activity during emotionally influenced memory storage Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 75 2001 1-9.
47. L. Cahill., J.L. McGaugh NMDA-induced lesions of the amygdaloid complex block the retention enhancing effect of posttraining epinephrine Psychobiology 19 1991 206-210.
48. L. Cahill., J.L. McGaugh Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory TINS 21 1998 294-299.
49. L. Cahill., J.L. McGaugh Emotional learning A.E. Kazdin. Encyclopedia of Psychology 2000 Oxford University Press New York 175-177 Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
50. L. Cahill., B. Prins., M. Weber., J.L. McGaugh β-adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events Nature 371 1994 702-704.
51. L. Cahill., M. Uncapher., L. Kilpatrick., M.T. Alkire., J. Turner Sex-related hemispheric lateralization of amygdala function in emotionally influenced memory: An FMRI investigation Learn. Mem. 11 2004 261-266.
52. J.X. Cai., A.F.T. Arnsten Dose-dependent effects of the dopamine D1 receptor agonists A77636 or SKF81297 on spatial working memory in aged monkeys J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 283 1997 183-189.
53. J.X. Cai., Y.Y. Ma., L. Xu., X.T. Hu Reserpine impairs spatial working memory performance in monkeys: Reversal by the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, clonidine Brain Res. 614 1993 191-196.
54. W.-H. Cai., J. Blundell., J. Han., R.W. Greene., C.M. Powell Postreactivation glucocorticoids impair recall of established fear memory J. Neurosci. 26 2006 9560-9566.
55. T. Canli., Z. Zhao., J. Brewer., J.D. Gabrieli., L. Cahill Event-related activation in the human amygdala associates with later memory for individual emotional experience J. Neurosci. 20 2000 RC99.
56. T. Canli., Z. Zhao., J.E. Desmond., E. Kang., J. Gross., J.D. Gabrieli An fMRI study of personality influences on brain reactivity to emotional stimuli Behav. Neurosci. 115 2001 33-42.
57. G.D. Carr., N.M. White The relationship between stereotypy and memory improvement produced by amphetamine Psychopharmacology 82 1984 203-209.
58. C. Castellano., F. Pavone Effects of ethanol on passive avoidance behavior in the mouse: Involvement of GABAergic mechanisms Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 29 1988 321-324.
59. A. Cherkin Kinetics of memory consolidation: Role of amnesic treatment parameters Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 63 1969 1094-1101.
60. S.A. Christianson. The Handbook of Emotion and Memory: Research and Theory 1992 Lawrence Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ.
61. K.B. Clark., S.E. Krahl., D.C. Smith., R.A. Jensen Post-training unilateral vagal stimulation enhances retention performance in the rat Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 63 1995 213-216.
62. K.B. Clark., D.K. Naritoku., D.C. Smith., R.A. Browning., R.A. Jensen Enhanced recognition memory following vagus nerve stimulation in human subjects Nat. Neurosci. 2 1999 94-98.
63. E.C. Clayton., C.L. Williams Adrenergic activation of the nucleus tractus solitarius potentiates amygdala norepinephrine release and enhances retention performance in emotionally arousing and spatial tasks Behav. Brain Res. 112 2000 151-158.
64. D. Costa-Miserachs., I.K. Portell-Cortes., L. Aldavert-Vera., M. Torras-Garcia., I. Morgado-Bernal Long-term memory facilitation in rats by posttraining epinephrine Behav. Neurosci. 108 1994 469-474.
65. G.A. Cottrell., S. Nakajima Effect of corticosteroids in the hippocampus on passive avoidance behavior in the rat Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 7 1977 277-280.
66. C. Da Cunha., B. Roozendaal., A. Vazdarjanova., J.L. McGaugh Microinfusions of flumazenil into the basolateral but not the central nucleus of the amygdala enhance memory consolidation in rats Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 72 1999 1-7.
67. C. Dalmaz., I.B. Introini-Collison., J.L. McGaugh Noradrenergic and cholinergic interactions in the amygdala and the modulation of memory storage Behav. Brain Res. 58 1993 167-174.
68. W.C. da Silva., J.S. Bonini., L.R. Bevilaqua., I. Izquierdo., M. Cammarota Histamine enhances inhibitory avoidance memory consolidation through a H2 receptor-dependent mechanism Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 86 2006 100-106.
69. N.A. Datson., J. van der Perk., E.R. de Kloet., E. Vreugdenhil Identification of corticosteroid-responsive genes in rat hippocampus using serial analysis of gene expression Eur. J. Neurosci. 14 2001 675-689.
70. S.F. de Boer., S.J. Koopmans., J.L. Slangen., J. van der Gugten Plasma catecholamine, corticosterone and glucose responses to repeated stress in rats: Effect of interstressor interval length Physiol. Behav. 47 1990 1117-1124.
71. E.R. de Kloet Brain corticosteroid receptor balance and homeostatic control Fron. Neuroendocrin. 12 1991 95-164.
72. D.J.-F. de Quervain., A. Aemi., B. Roozendaal Preventive effect of β-adrenoceptor blockade on glucocorticoid-induced memory retrieval defecits Am. J. Psych. 164 2007 967-969.
73. D.J.-F. de Quervain., K. Henke., A. Aerni., et al. Glucocorticoid-induced impairment of declarative memory retrieval is associated with reduced blood flow in the medial temporal lobe Eur. J. Neurosci. 17 2003 1296-1302.
74. D.J.-F. de Quervain., B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory Nature 394 1998 787-790.
75. D.J.-F. de Quervain., B. Roozendaal., R.M. Nitsch., J.L. McGaugh., C. Hock Acute cortisone administration impairs retrieval of long-term declarative memory in humans Nat. Neurosci. 3 2000 313-314.
76. V. Devauges., S.J. Sara Memory retrieval enhancement by locus coeruleus stimulation: Evidence for mediation by beta-receptors Behav. Brain Res. 43 1991 93-97.
77. D. de Wied Neurohypophyseal hormone influences on learning and memory processes G. Lynch., J.L. McGaugh. N.M. Weinberger Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 1984 The Guilford Press New York 289-312.
78. D.M. Diamond., C.R. Park., K.L. Heman., G.M. Rose Exposing rats to a predator impairs spatial working memory in a radial arm water maze Hippocampus 9 1999 542-552.
79. R.J. Dolan Functional neuroimaging of the amygdala during emotional processing and learning J.P. Aggleton. The Amygdala 2000 Oxford University Press London 631-654.
80. F. Dolcos., K.S. LaBar., R. Cabeza Interaction between the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory system predicts better memory for emotional events Neuron 42 2004 855-863.
81. F. Dolcos., K.S. LaBar., R. Cabeza Remembering one year later: Role of the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory system in retrieving emotional memories Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 2005 2626-2631.
82. B. Doty., L. Doty Facilitating effects of amphetamine on avoidance conditioning in relation to age and problem difficulty Psychopharmacology 9 1966 234-241.
83. H. Dringenberg., C. Vanderwolf Cholinergic activation of the electrocorticogram: An amygdaloid activating system Exp. Brain Res. 108 1996 285-296.
84. H. Dringenberg., A.J. Saber., L. Cahill Enhanced frontal cortex activation in rats by convergent amygdaloid and noxious sensory signals Neuroreport 12 2001 1295-1298.
85. C.P. Duncan The retroactive effect of electroshock on learning J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 42 1949 32-44.
86. H. Eichenbaum., G. Schoenbaum., B. Young., M. Bunsey Functional organization of the hippocampal memory system Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 1996 13500-13507.
87. M.E. Ellis., R.P. Kesner Physostigmine and norepinephrine: Effects of injection into the amygdala on taste associations Physiol. Behav. 27 1981 203-209.
88. A.M. Evangelista., I. Izquierdo The effect of pre- and post-trial amphetamine injections on avoidance responses of rats Psychopharmacologia 20 1971 42-47.
89. B. Ferry., J.L. McGaugh Clenbuterol administration into the basolateral amygdala post-training enhances retention in an inhibitory avoidance task Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 72 1999 8-12.
90. 1-adrenergic receptors in the basolateral amygdala in modulation of memory storage Eur. J. Pharmacol. 372 1999 9-16.
91. 1-receptors J. Neurosci. 19 1999 5119-5123.
92. J.M. Finlay., M.J. Zigmond., E.D. Abercrombie Increased dopamine and norepinephrine release in the medial prefrontal cortex induced by acute and chronic stress: Effects of diazepam Neurosci. 64 1995 619-628.
93. J.F. Flood., D.W. Landry., M.E. Jarvik Cholinergic receptor interactions and their effects on long-term memory processing Brain Res. 215 1981 177-185.
94. J.F. Flood., G.E. Smith., J.E. Morley Modulation of memory processing by cholecystokinin: Dependence on the vague nerve Science 236 1987 832-834.
95. S. Frey., J. Bergado-Rosado., T. Seidenbecher., H.-C. Pape., J.U. Frey Reinforcement of early long-term potentation (early-LTP) in dentate gyrus by stimulation of the basolateral amygdala: Heterosynaptic induction mechanisms of late-LTP J. Neurosci. 21 2001 3697-3703.
96. J.M. Fuster The prefrontal cortex and its relation to behavior Prog. Brain Res. 87 1991 201-211.
97. M. Gallagher., B.S. Kapp., J.P. Pascoe., P.R. Rapp A neuropharmacology of amygdaloid systems which contribute to learning and memory Y. Ben-Ari. The Amygdaloid Complex 1981 Elsevier/North-Holland Amsterdam 343-354.
98. R. Galvez., M. Mesches., J.L. McGaugh Norepinephrine release in the amygdala in response to footshock stimulation Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 66 1996 253-257.
99. R.W. Gerard Physiology and psychology Am. J. Psychol. 106 1949 161-173.
100. G.A. Ghacibeh., J.I. Shenker., B. Shenal., B.M. Uthman., K.M. Heilman The influence of vagus nerve stimulation on memory Cog. Behav. Neurol. 19 2006 119-122.
101. G.V. Goddard Amygdaloid stimulation and learning in the rat J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 58 1964 23-30.
102. P.E. Gold Glucose modulation of memory storage Behav. Neural Biol. 45 1986 342-349.
103. P.E. Gold Role of glucose in regulating the brain and cognition Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61 1995 987S-995S.
104. P.E. Gold Acetylcholine modulation of neural systems involved in learning and memory Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 80 2003 194-210.
105. P.E. Gold Coordination of multiple memory systems Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 82 2004 230-242.
106. P.E. Gold., L. Hankins., R.M. Edwards., J. Chester., J.L. McGaugh Memory interference and facilitation with posttrial amygdala stimulation: Effect on memory varies with footshock level Brain Res. 86 1975 509-513.
107. P.E. Gold., R. van Buskirk Facilitation of time-dependent memory processes with posttrial epinephrine injections Behav. Biol. 13 1975 145-153.
108. P.E. Gold., R. van Buskirk Enhancement and impairment of memory processes with post-trial injections of adrenocorticotrophic hormone Behav. Biol. 16 1976 387-400.
109. P.E. Gold., R. van Buskirk Post-training brain norepinephrine concentrations: Correlation with retention performance of avoidance training with peripheral epinephrine modulation of memory processing Behav. Biol. 23 1978 509-520.
110. P.E. Gold., J. Vogt., J.L. Hall Post-training glucose effects on memory: Behavioral and pharmacological characteristics Behav. Neural Biol. 46 1986 145-155.
111. G. Grecksch., H. Matthies Differential effects of intrahippocampally or systemically applied picrotoxin on memory consolidation in rats Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 14 1981 613-616.
112. D.L. Greenberg., H.J. Rice., J.J. Cooper., R. Cabeza., D.C. Rubin., K.S. LaBar Co-activation of the amygdala hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus during autobiographical memory retrieval Neuropsychologia 43 2005 659-674.
113. J.F. Guzowski., G.L. Lyford., G.D. Stevenson., et al. Inhibition of activity-dependent arc protein expression in the rat hippocampus impairs the maintenance of long-term potentiation and consolidation of long-term memory J. Neurosci. 20 2000 3993-4001.
114. J.L. Hall., P.E. Gold The effects of training, epinephrine, and glucose injections on plasma glucose levels in rats Behav. Neural Biol. 46 1986 156-167.
115. J. Hall., K.L. Thomas., B.J. Everitt Cellular imaging of zif 268 expression in the hippocampus and amygdala during contextual and cued fear memory retrieval: Selective activation of hippocampal CA1 neurons during recall of contextual memory J. Neurosci. 21 2001 2186-2193.
116. S.B. Hamann., T.D. Eli., S.T. Grafton., C.D. Kilts Amygdala activity related to enhanced memory for pleasant and aversive stimuli Nat. Neurosci. 2 1999 289-303.
117. S.B. Hamann., T.D. Eli., J.M. Hoffman., C.D. Kilts Ecstacy and agony: Activation of the human amygdala in positive and negative emotions Psychol. Sci. 13 2002 135-141.
118. T. Haralambous., R.F. Westbrook An infusion of bupivacaine into the nucleus accumbens disrupts the acquisition but not the expression of contextual fear conditioning Behav. Neurosci. 113 1999 925-940.
119. D.L. Hassert., T. Miyashita., C.L. Williams The effects of peripheral vagal nerve stimulation at a memory-modulating intensity on norepinephrine output in the basolateral amygdala Behav. Neurosci. 118 2004 79-88.
120. T. Hatfield., J.L. McGaugh Norepinephrine infused into the basolateral amygdala posttraining enhances retention in a spatial water maze task Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 71 1999 232-239.
121. T. Hatfield., C. Spanis., J.L. McGaugh Response of amygdalar norepinephrine to footshock and GABAergic drugs using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC Brain Res. 835 1999 340-345.
122. S. Heck., M. Kullmann., A. Gast., et al. A distinct modulating domain in glucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP-1 EMBO J. 13 1994 4087-4095.
123. S. Het., G. Ramlow., O.T. Wolf A meta-analytic review of the effects of acute cortisol administration on human memory Psychoneuroendocrinology 30 2005 771-784.
124. R. Hirsh The hippocampus and contextual retrieval of information from memory: A theory Behav. Biol. 12 1974 421-444.
125. W. Holt., S. Maren Muscimol inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus impairs contextual retrieval of fear memory J. Neurosci. 19 1999 9054-9062.
126. N.C. Huff., M. Frank., K. Wright-Hardesty., et al. Amygdala regulation of immediate-early gene expression in the hippocampus induced by contextual fear conditioning J. Neurosci. 26 2006 1616-1623.
127. N.C. Huff., K.J. Wright-Hardesty., E.A. Higgins., P. Matus-Amat., J.W. Rudy Context pre-exposure obscures amygdala modulation of contextual-fear conditioning Learn. Mem. 12 2005 456-460.
128. E.H. Hsu., J.P. Schroeder., M. Packard The amygdala mediates memory consolidation for an amphetamine conditioned place preference Behav. Brain Res. 129 2002 93-100.
129. J.P. Huston., U. Staubli Substance P and its effects on learning and memory J.L. Martine Jr., R.A. Jensen., R.B. Messing. H. Rigter., J.L. McGaugh Endogenous Peptides and Learning and Memory Processes 1981 Academic Press New York 521-540.
130. Y. Ikegaya., H. Saito., K. Abe Attenuated hippocampal long-term potentiation in basolateral amygdala-lesioned rats Brain Res. 656 1994 157-164.
131. Y. Ikegaya., H. Saito., K. Abe Requirement of basolateral amygdala neuron activity for the induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vivo Brain Res. 671 1995 351-354.
132. Y. Ikegaya., H. Saito., K. Abe High-frequency stimulation of the basolateral amygdala facilitates the induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vivo Neurosci. Res. 22 1995 203-207.
133. Y. Ikegaya., H. Saito., K. Abe., K. Nakanishi Amygdala beta-noradrenergic influence on hippocampal long-term potentiation in vivo Neuroreport 8 1997 3143-3146.
134. I.B. Introini., C.M. Baratti The impairment of retention induced by β-endorphin in mice may be mediated by reduction of central cholinergic activity Behav. Neural Biol. 41 1984 152-163.
135. I.B. Introini-Collison., Y. Arai., J.L. McGaugh Stria terminalis lesions attenuate the effects of posttraining oxotremorine and atropine on retention Psychobiology 17 1989 397-401.
136. I.B. Introini-Collison., C.M. Baratti Memory-modulatory effects of centrally acting noradrenergic drugs: Possible involvement of brain cholinergic mechanisms Behav. Neural Biol. 57 1992 248-255.
137. I.B. Introini-Collison., C. Castellano., J.L. McGaugh Interaction of GABAergic and β-noradrenergic drugs in the regulation of memory storage Behav. Neural Biol. 61 1994 150-155.
138. I.B. Introini-Collison., C. Dalmaz., J.L. McGaugh Amygdala β-noradrenergic influences on memory storage involve cholinergic activation Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 65 1996 57-64.
139. I.B. Introini-Collison., J.L. McGaugh Epinephrine modulates long-term retention of an aversively-motivated discrimination task Behav. Neural Biol. 45 1986 358-365.
140. I.B. Introini-Collison., J.L. McGaugh Modulation of memory by posttraining epinephrine: Involvement of cholinergic mechanisms Psychopharmacology 94 1988 379-385.
141. I.B. Introini-Collison., B. Miyazaki., J.L. McGaugh Involvement of the amygdala in the memory-enhancing effects of clenbuterol Psychopharmacology 104 1991 541-544.
142. I.B. Introini-Collison., D. Saghafi., G. Novack., J.L. McGaugh Memory-enhancing effects of posttraining dipivefrin and epinephrine: Involvement of peripheral and central adrenergic receptors Brain Res. 572 1992 81-86.
143. I. Izquierdo., C. daCunha., R. Rosat., D. Jerusalinsky., M.B.C. Ferreira., J.H. Medina Neurotransmitter receptors involved in posttraining memory processing by the amygdala, medial septum and hippocampus of the rat Behav. Neural Biol. 58 1992 16-26.
144. I. Izquierdo., R.D. Dias Influence on memory of posttraining or pre-test injections of ACTH, vasopressin, epinephrine and β-endorphin, and their interaction with naloxone Psychoneuroendocrinology 10 1985 165-172.
145. I. Izquierdo., M. Graudenz Memory facilitation by naloxone is due to release of dopaminergic and β-adrenergic systems from tonic inhibition Psychopharmacology 67 1980 265-268.
146. I. Izquierdo., J.H. Medina Memory formation: The sequence of biochemical events in the hippocampus and its connection to activity in other brain structures Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 68 1997 285-316.
147. I. Izquierdo., J.A. Quillfeldt., M.S. Zanatta., et al. Sequential role of hippocampus and amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parietal cortex in formation and retrieval of memory for inhibitory avoidance in rats Eur. J. Neurosci. 9 1997 786-793.
148. L.A. Izquierdo., D.M. Barros., J.H. Medina., I. Izquierdo Novelty enhances retrieval of one-trial avoidance learning in rats 1 or 31 days after training unless the hippocampus is inactivated by different receptor antagonists and enzyme inhibitors Behav. Brain Res. 117 2000 215-220.
149. L.A. Izquierdo., D.M. Barros., J.H. Medina., I. Izquierdo Stress hormones enhance retrieval of fear conditioning acquired either one day or many months before Behav. Pharmacol. 13 2002 203-213.
150. W. James Principles of Psychology 1890 Henry Holt and Company New York.
151. E.R. Kandel The molecular biology of memory storage: A dialog between genes and synapses Biosci. Rep. 21 2001 565-611.
152. Y. Kawahara., M.B. Hesselink., G. van Scharrenburg., B.H.C. Westerink Tonic inhibition by orphanin FQ/nociceptin of noradrenaline neurotransmission in the amygdala Eur. J. Pharmacol. 485 2004 197-200.
153. A.E. Kelley., V.B. Domesick., W.J. Nauta The amygdalostriatal projection in the rat - An anatomical study by anterograde and retrograde tracing methods Neuroscience 7 1982 615-630.
154. R.P. Kesner., M.E. Ellis Memory consolidation: Brain region and neurotransmitter specificity Neurosci. Lett. 39 1983 295-300.
155. R.P. Kesner., M.W. Wilburn A review of electrical stimulation of the brain in context of learning and retention Behav. Biol. 10 1974 259-293.
156. S. Kety Brain catecholamines affective states and memory J.L. McGaugh. The Chemistry of Mood, Motivation and Memory 1972 Raven Press New York 65-80.
157. L. Kilpatrick., L. Cahill Modulation of memory consolidation for olfactory learning by reversible inactivation of the basolateral amygdala Behav. Neurosci. 117 2003 184-188.
158. L. Kilpatrick., L. Cahill Amygdala modulation of parahippocampal and frontal regions during emotionally influenced memory storage Neuroimage 20 2003 2091-2099.
159. S. Kuhlman., O.T. Wolf Arousal and cortisol interact in modulating memory consolidation in healthy young men Behav. Neurosci. 120 2006 217-223.
160. S. Kuhlman., C. Kirschbaum., O.T. Wolf Effects of oral cortisol treatment in healthy young women on memory retrieval of negative and neutral words Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 83 2005 158-162.
161. S. Kuhlman., M. Piel., O.T. Wolf Impaired memory retrieval after psychosocial stress in healthy young men J. Neurosci. 25 2005 2977-2982.
162. K.S. LaBar., R. Cabezza Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7 2006 54-64.
163. R.T. LaLumiere., T.-V. Buen., J.L. McGaugh Posttraining intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of norepinephrine enhance consolidation of memory for contextual fear conditioning J. Neurosci. 23 2003 6754-6758.
164. R.T. LaLumiere., E.M. Nawar., J.L. McGaugh Modulation of memory consolidation by the basolateral amygdala or nucleus accumbens shell requires concurrent dopamine receptor activation in both brain regions Learn. Mem. 12 2005 296-301.
165. R.T. LaLumiere., L. Nguyen., J.L. McGaugh Posttraining intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of dopamine modulate consolidation of inhibitory avoidance memory: Involvement of noradrenergic and cholinergic systems Eur. J. Neurosci. 20 2004 2804-2810.
166. L. Ledgerwood., R. Richardson., J. Cranney Effects of D-cycloserine on extinction of conditioned freezing Behav. Neurosci. 117 2003 341-349.
167. L. Ledgerwood., R. Richardson., J. Cranney D-cycloserine facilitates extinction of learned fear: Effects on reacquisition and generalized extinction Biol. Psychiat. 57 2005 841-847.
168. I. Lee., R.P. Kesner Time-dependent relationship between the dorsal hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex in spatial memory J. Neurosci. 23 2003 1517-1523.
169. M.K. Lee., S. Graham., P.E. Gold Memory enhancement with posttraining central glucose injections Behav. Neurosci. 102 1988 591-595.
170. R.C. Lennartz., K.L. Hellems., E.R. Mook., P.E. Gold Inhibitory avoidance impairments induced by intra-amygdala propranolol are reversed by glutamate but not glucose Behav. Neurosci. 110 1996 1033-1039.
171. F. Levy., M. Farrow Working memory in ADHD: Prefrontal/parietal connections Curr. Drug Targets 2 2001 347-352.
172. B.-M. Li., Z.-M. Mao., M. Wang., Z.-T. Mei Alpha-2 adrenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical neuronal activity related to spatial working memory in monkeys Neuropyschopharmacology 21 1999 601-610.
173. K.C. Liang Epinephrine modulation of memory: Amygdala activation and regulation of long-term memory storage P.E. Gold., W.T. Greenough Memory Consolidation: Essays in Honor of James L. McGaugh 2001 American Psychological Association Washington, DC 165-183.
174. K.C. Liang., C. Bennett., J.L. McGaugh Peripheral epinephrine modulates the effects of posttraining amygdala stimulation on memory Behav. Brain Res. 15 1985 93-100.
175. K.C. Liang., L. Chen., T.-E. Huang The role of amygdala norepinephrine in memory formation: Involvement in the memory enhancing effect of peripheral epinephrine Chin. J. Physiol. 38 1995 81-91.
176. K.C. Liang., S.-J. Hu., S.H. Chang Formation and retrieval of inhibitory avoidance memory: Differential roles of glutamate receptors in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex Chin. J. Physiol. 39 1996 155-166.
177. K.C. Liang., R.G. Juler., J.L. McGaugh Modulating effects of post-training epinephrine on memory: Involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system Brain Res. 368 1986 125-133.
178. K.C. Liang., E.H. Lee Intra-amygdala injections of corticotropin releasing factor facilitate inhibitory avoidance learning and reduce exploratory behavior in rats Psychopharmacology 96 1988 232-236.
179. K.C. Liang., J.L. McGaugh Lesions of the stria terminalis attenuate the enhancing effect of post-training epinephrine on retention of an inhibitory avoidance response Behav. Brain Res. 9 1983 49-58.
180. K.C. Liang., J.L. McGaugh., H.-Y. Yao Involvement of amygdala pathways in the influence of posttraining amygdala norepinephrine and peripheral epinephrine on memory storage Brain Res. 508 1990 225-233.
181. M.S. Lidow., P.-O. Koh., A.F.T. Arnsten D1 dopamine receptors in the mouse prefrontal cortex: Immunocytochemical and cognitive neuropharmacological analyses Synapse 47 2003 101-108.
182. R.B. Livingston Reinforcement G.C. Quarton., T. Melnechuk. F.O. Schmitt The Neurosciences: A Study Program 1967 Rockefeller University Press New York 514-576.
183. S.J. Lupien., C.J. Gillin., R.L. Hauger Working memory is more sensitive than declarative memory to the acute effects of corticosteroids: A dose-response study in humans Behav. Neurosci. 113 1999 420-430.
184. S.J. Lupien., B.S. McEwen The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: Integration of animal and human model studies Brain Res. Rev. 24 1997 1-27.
185. D.M. Lyons., J.M. Lopez., C. Yang., A.F. Schatzberg Stress-level cortisol treatment impairs inhibitory control of behavior in monkeys J. Neurosci. 20 2000 7816-7821.
186. S. Ma., B. Roozendaal., T.C.D. Burazin., G.W. Tregear., J.L. McGaugh., A.L. Gundlach Relaxin receptor activation in the basolateral amygdala impairs memory consolidation Eur. J. Neurosci. 22 2005 2117-2122.
187. E.L. Malin., D.Y. Ibrahim., J.W. Tu., J.L. McGaugh Involvement of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in consolidation of inhibitory avoidance memory: Interaction with the basolateral amygdala Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 87 2007 295-302.
188. E.L. Malin., J.L. McGaugh Differential involvement of the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex and basolateral amygdala in memory for context and footshock Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 2006 1959-1963.
189. J.L. Martinez Jr., B.J. Vasquez., H. Rigter., et al. Attenuation of amphetamine-induced enhancement of learning by adrenal demedullation Brain Res. 195 1980 433-443.
190. P. Matus-Amat., E.A. Higgins., R.M. Barrientos., J.W. Rudy The role of the dorsal hippocampus in the acquisition and retrieval of context memory representations J. Neurosci. 24 2004 2431-2439.
191. R. McCarty., P.E. Gold Plasma catecholamines: Effects of footshock level and hormonal modulators of memory storage Horm. Behav. 15 1981 168-182.
192. A.J. McDonald Organization of amygdaloid projections to the prefrontal cortex and associated striatum in the rat Neuroscience 44 1991 1-14.
193. R.J. McDonald., N.M. White A triple dissociation of memory systems: Hippocampus, amygdala and dorsal striatum Behav. Neurosci. 107 1993 3-22.
194. B.S. McEwen., R.M. Sapolsky Stress and cognitive function Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5 1995 205-216.
195. B.S. McEwen., J.M. Weiss., L.S. Schwartz Selective retention of corticosterone by limbic structures in the rat brain Nature 220 1968 911-912.
196. J.L. McGaugh Time-dependent processes in memory storage Science 153 1966 1351-1358.
197. J.L. McGaugh Drug facilitation of learning and memory Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. 13 1973 229-241.
198. J.L. McGaugh Hormonal influences on memory Annu. Rev. Psychol. 34 1983 297-323.
199. J.L. McGaugh Involvement of hormonal and neuromodulatory systems in the regulation of memory storage Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 12 1989 255-287.
200. J.L. McGaugh Memory: A century of consolidation Science 287 2000 248-251.
201. J.L. McGaugh Memory consolidation and the amygdala: A systems perspective TINS 25 2002 456-461.
202. J.L. McGaugh Memory and Emotion: The Making of Lasting Memories 2003 Weidenfeld and Nicolson London The Orion House Group Ltd., and New York: Columbia University Press.
203. J.L. McGaugh The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27 2004 1-28.
204. J.L. McGaugh Emotional arousal and enhanced amygdala activity: New evidence for the old perseveration-consolidation hypothesis Learn. Mem. 12 2005 77-79.
205. J.L. McGaugh., L. Cahill Interaction of neuromodulatory systems in modulating memory storage Behav. Brain Res. 83 1997 31-38.
206. J.L. McGaugh., B. Ferry., A. Vazdarjanova., B. Roozendaal Amygdala role in modulation of memory storage J.P. Aggleton. The Amygdala 2000 Oxford University Press London 391-423.
207. J.L. McGaugh., P.E. Gold Modulation of memory by electrical stimulation of the brain M.R. Rosenzweig., E.L. Bennett Neural Mechanisms of Learning and Memory 1976 MIT Press Cambridge: MA 549-560.
208. J.L. McGaugh., P.E. Gold Hormonal modulation of memory R.B. Brush., S. Levine Psychoendocrinology 1989 Academic Press New York 305-339.
209. J.L. McGaugh., M.J. Herz Memory Consolidation 1972 Albion Publishing Company San Francisco.
210. J.L. McGaugh., I.B. Introini-Collison., A.H. Nagahara Memory-enhancing effects of posttraining naloxone: Involvement of β-noradrenergic influences in the amygdaloid complex Brain Res. 446 1988 37-49.
211. J.L. McGaugh., I.B. Introini-Collison., A.H. Nagahara., L. Cahill., J.D. Brioni., C. Castellano Involvement of the amygdaloid complex in neuromodulatory influences on memory storage Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 14 1990 425-431.
212. J.L. McGaugh., I. Izquierdo The contribution of pharmacology to research on the mechanisms of memory formation TIPS 21 2000 208-210.
213. J.L. McGaugh., L.F. Petrinovich Effects of drugs on learning and memory Internatl. Rev. Neurobiol. 8 1965 139-196.
214. J.L. McGaugh., B. Roozendaal Role of adrenal stress hormones in forming lasting memories in the brain Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12 2002 205-210.
215. C.K. McIntyre., T. Hatfield., J.L. McGaugh Amygdala norepinephrine levels after training predict inhibitory avoidance retention performance in rats Eur. J. Neurosci. 16 2002 1223-1226.
216. C.K. McIntyre., L.K. Marriott., P.F. Gold Cooperation between memory systems: Acetylcholine release in the amygdala correlates positively with performance on a hippocampus-dependent task Behav. Neurosci. 117 2003 320-326.
217. C.K. McIntyre., T. Miyashita., B. Setlow., et al. Memory-influencing intra-basolateral amygdala drug infusions modulate expression of Arc protein in the hippocampus Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 2005 10718-10723.
218. C.K. McIntyre., B. Roozendall., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoid treatment enhances training-induced norepinephrine release in the amygdala Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 772 2004 12.
219. E.C. McNay., P.E. Gold Memory modulation across neural systems: Intra-amygdala glucose reverses deficits caused by intraseptal morphine on a spatial task but not on an aversive task J. Neurosci. 18 1998 3853-3858.
220. K.A. McNish., J.C. Gewirtz., M. Davis Evidence of contextual fear after lesions of the hippocampus: A disruption of freezing but not fear-potentiated startle J. Neurosci. 17 1997 9353-9360.
221. R. Menzel Neurobiology of learning and memory: The honeybee as a model system Naturwissenschaften 70 1983 504-511.
222. C. Messier., N.M. White Contingent and non-contingent actions of sucrose and saccharin reinforcers: Effects on taste preference and memory Physiol. Behav. 32 1984 195-203.
223. C. Messier., N.M. White Memory improvement by glucose, fructose, and two glucose analogs: A possible effect on peripheral glucose transport Behav. Neural Biol. 48 1987 104-127.
224. R.B. Messing., R.A. Jensen., J.L. Martinez Jr., et al. Naloxone enhancement of memory Behav. Neural Biol. 27 1979 266-275.
225. A.A. Miasnikov., J.C. Chen., N.M. Weinberger Rapid induction of specific associative behavioral memory by stimulation of the nucleus basalis in the rat Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 86 2006 47-65.
226. A.A. Miasnikov., D. McLin 3rd., N.M. Weinberger Muscarinic dependence of nucleus basalis induced conditioned receptive field plasticity Neuroreport 12 2001 1537-1542.
227. M.I. Miranda., R.T. LaLumiere., T.V. Buen., F. Bermudez-Rattoni., J.L. McGaugh Blockade of noradrenergic receptors in the basolateral amygdala impairs taste memory Eur. J. Neurosci. 18 2003 2605-2610.
228. M.I. Miranda., J.L. McGaugh Enhancement of inhibitory avoidance and conditioned taste aversion memory with insular cortex infusions of 8-Br-cAMP: Involvement of the basolateral amygdala Learn. Mem. 11 2004 312-317.
229. T. Miyashita., C.L. Williams Glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus of the solitary tract modulates memory through influences on amygdala noradrenergic systems Behav. Neurosci. 116 2002 13-21.
230. K. Mizoguchi., A. Ishige., S. Takeda., M. Aburada., T. Tabita Endogenous glucocorticoids are essential for maintaining prefrontal cortical cognitive function J. Neurosci. 24 2004 5492-5499.
231. B.A. Morrow., R.H. Roth., J.D. Elsworth TMT, a predator odor, elevates mesoprefrontal dopamine metabolic activity and disrupts short-term working memory in the rat Brain Res. Bull. 52 2000 519-523.
232. G.E. Müller., A. Pilzecker Experimentelle Beitrage zur Lehre vom Gedachtniss Z. Psychol. 1 1900 1-288.
233. A.B. Mulder., M.G. Hodenpijl., F.H. Lopes da Silva Electrophysiology of the hippocampal and amygdaloid projections to the nucleus accumbens of the rat: Convergence, segregation, and interaction of inputs J. Neurosci. 18 1998 5095-5102.
234. C.F. Murchison., X.Y. Zhang., W.P. Zhang., M. Ouyang., A. Lee., S.A. Thomas A distinct role for norepinephrine in memory retrieval Cell 117 2004 131-143.
235. B.L. Murphy., A.F.T. Arnsten., P.S. Goldman-Rakic., R.H. Roth Increased dopamine turnover in the prefrontal cortex impairs spatial working memory performance in rats and monkeys Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 1996 1325-1329.
236. S. Nakamura., J.M. Tepper., S.J. Young., N. Ling., P.M. Groves Noradrenergic terminal excitability: Effects of opioids Neurosci. Lett. 30 1982 57-62.
237. K.A. Nielson., R.A. Jensen Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist antihypertensive medications impair arousal-induced modulation of working memory in elderly humans Behav. Neural Biol. 62 1994 190-200.
238. R.E. O’Carroll., E. Drysdale., L. Cahill., P. Shajahan., K.P. Ebmeier Stimulation of the noradrenergic system enhances and blockade reduces memory for emotional material in man Psychol. Med. 29 1999 1083-1088.
239. S. Okuda., B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoid effects on object recognition memory require training-associated emotional arousal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 2004 853-858.
240. M.S. Oitzl., E.R. de Kloet Selective corticosteroid antagonists modulate specific aspects of spatial orientation learning Behav. Neurosci. 108 1992 62-71.
241. Y. Oomura., Y. Nakano., L. Lenard., H. Nishino., S. Aou Catecholaminergic and opioid mechanisms in conditioned food intake behavior of the monkey amygdala C.D. Woody., D.L. Alkon. J.L. McGaugh Cellular Mechanisms of Conditioning and Behavioral Plasticity 1988 Plenum New York 109-118.
242. M.G. Packard., L. Cahill Affective modulation of multiple memory systems Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11 2001 752-756.
243. M.G. Packard., L. Cahill., J.L. McGaugh Amygdala modulation of hippocampal-dependent and caudate nucleus-dependent memory processes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 1994 8477-8481.
244. M.G. Packard., S.A. Chen The basolateral amygdala is a cofactor in memory enhancement produced by intrahippocampal glutamate injections Psychobiology 27 1999 377-385.
245. M.G. Packard., I.B. Introini-Collison., J.L. McGaugh Stria terminalis lesions attenuate memory enhancement produced by intra-caudate nucleus injections of oxotremorine Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 65 1996 278-282.
246. M.G. Packard., B.J. Knowlton Learning and memory functions of the Basal Ganglia Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 25 2002 563-593.
247. M.G. Packard., J.L. McGaugh Double dissociation of fornix and caudate nucleus lesions on acquisition of two water maze tasks: Further evidence for multiple memory systems Behav. Neurosci. 106 1992 439-446.
248. M.G. Packard., J.L. McGaugh Inactivation of hippocampus or caudate nucleus with lidocaine differentially affects expression of place and response learning Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 65 1996 65-72.
249. M.G. Packard., L. Teather Amygdala modulation of multiple memory systems: Hippocampus and caudate-putamen Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 69 1998 163-203.
250. R. Pakdel., A. Rashidy-Pour Glucocorticoid-induced impairment of long-term memory retrieval in rats: An interaction with dopamine D2 receptors Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 85 2006 300-306.
251. H.-C. Pape., R.T. Narayanan., J. Smid., O. Store., T. Seidenbecher Theta activity in neurons and networks of the amygdala related to long-term fear memory Hippocampus 15 2005 874-880.
252. D. Paré Role of the basolateral amygdala in memory consolidation Prog. Neurobiol. 70 2003 409-420.
253. D. Paré., D.R. Collins., J.G. Pelletier Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of emotional memories TICS 6 2002 306-314.
254. D. Paré., J. Dong., H. Gaudreau Amygdalo-entorhinal relations and their reflection in the hippocampal formation: Generation of sharp potentials J. Neurosci. 15 1995 2482-2503.
255. D. Paré., H. Gaudreau Projection cells and interneurons of the lateral and basolateral amygdala: Distinct firing patterns and differential relation to theta and delta rhythms in conscious cats J. Neurosci. 16 1996 3334-3350.
256. M.B. Parent., J.L. McGaugh Posttraining infusion of lidocaine into the amygdala basolateral complex impairs retention of inhibitory avoidance training Brain Res. 661 1994 97-103.
257. 3 receptor-mediated impairment of contextual fear conditioning and in vivo inhibition of cholinergic transmission in the rat basolateral amygdala Eur. J. Neurosci. 14 2001 1-13.
258. R. Paz., J.G. Pelletier., E.P. Bauer., D. Paré Emotional enhancement of memory via amygdala-driven facilitation of rhinal interactions Nat. Neurosci. 9 2006 1321-1329.
259. J.G. Pelletier., D. Paré Role of amygdala oscillations in the consolidation of emotional memories Biol. Psychiat. 55 2004 559-562.
260. J.G. Pelletier., E. Likhtik., M. Filali., D. Paré Lasting increases in basolateral amygdala activity after emotional arousal: Implications for facilitated consolidation of emotional memories Learn. Mem. 12 2005 96-102.
261. J.M. Perez-Jaranay., F. Vives Electrophysiological study of the response of medial prefrontal cortex neurons to stimulation of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in the rat Brain Res. 564 1991 97-101.
262. G.D. Petrovich., N.S. Canteras., L.W. Swanson Combinatorial amygdalar inputs to hippocampal domains and hypothalamic behavior systems Brain Res. Rev. 38 2001 247-289.
263. R.G. Phillips., J.E. LeDoux Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning Behav. Neurosci. 106 1992 274-285.
264. M. Pikkarainen., S. Ronko., V. Savander., R. Insausti., A. Pitkänen Projections from the lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala to the hippocampal formation in rat J. Comp. Neurol. 403 1999 229-260.
265. A. Pitkänen Connectivity of the rat amygdaloid complex J.P. Aggleton. The Amgydala 2000 Oxford University Press London 31-117.
266. A.T. Popescu., A.A. Saghyan., D. Paré NMDA-dependent facilitation of corticostriatal plasticity by the amygdala Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104 2007 341-346.
267. A.E. Power., J.L. McGaugh Phthalic acid amygdalopetal lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis induces reversible memory deficits in rats Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 77 2002 373-388.
268. A.E. Power., C.K. McIntyre., A. Litmanovich., J.L. McGaugh Cholinergic modulation of memory in the basolateral amygdala involves activation of both m1 and m2 receptors Behav. Pharmacol. 14 2003 207-213.
269. A.E. Power., B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoid enhancement of memory consolidation in the rat is blocked by muscarinic receptor antagonism in the basolateral amygdala Eur. J. Neurosci. 12 2000 3481-3487.
270. A.E. Power., L.J. Thal., J.L. McGaugh Lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis induced by 192 IgG-saporin block memory enhancement with posttraining norepinephrine in the basolateral amygdala Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 2002 2315-2319.
271. A.E. Power., A. Vazdarjanova., J.L. McGaugh Muscarinic cholinergic influences in memory consolidation Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 80 2003 178-183.
272. J.L. Price Toward a consistent terminology for the amygdaloid complex Y. Ben-Ari. The Amygdaloid Complex 1981 Elsevier North Holland 13-18.
273. J.L. Price Comparative aspects of amygdala connectivity Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 985 2003 50-58.
274. J.A. Quillfeldt., M.S. Zanatta., P.K. Schmitz., et al. Different brain areas are involved in memory expression at different times from training Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 66 1996 97-102.
275. G.L. Quirarte., R. Galvez., B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Norepinephrine release in the amygdala in response to footshock and opioid peptidergic drugs Brain Res. 808 1998 134-140.
276. G.L. Quirarte., B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoid enhancement of memory storage involves noradrenergic activation in the basolateral amygdala Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 1997 14048-14053.
277. M.E. Ragozzino., P.E. Gold Task-dependent effects of intra-amygdala morphine injections: Attenuation by intra-amygdala glucose injections J. Neurosci. 14 1994 7478-7485.
278. B.P. Ramos., L. Colgan., E. Nou., S. Ovadia., S.R. Wilson., A.F.T. Arnsten The beta-1 adrenergic antagonist, betaxolol, improves working memory performance in rats and monkeys Biol Psychiat. 58 2005 894-900.
279. A. Rashidy-Pour., M.E. Razvani Unilateral reversible inactivations of the nucleus tractus solitarius and amygdala attenuate the effects of bombesin on memory storage Brain Res. 814 1998 127-132.
280. A. Rashidy-Pour., H. Sadeghi., A.A. Taherain., A.A. Vafaei., Y. Fathollahi The effects of acute restraint stress and dexamethasone on retrieval of long-term memory in rats: An interaction with opiate system Behav. Brain Res. 154 2004 193-198.
281. K.J. Ressler., G. Paschall., X.-L. Zhou., M. Davis Regulation of synaptic plasticity genes during consolidation of fear conditioning J. Neurosci. 22 2002 7892-7902.
282. J.A. Ricardo., E.T. Koh Anatomical evidence of direct projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other forebrain structures in the rat Brain Res. 153 1978 1-26.
283. G. Riedel., J. Micheau., A.G. Lam., et al. Reversible neural inactivation reveals hippocampal participation in several memory processes Nat. Neurosci. 2 1999 898-905.
284. J.M.H.M. Reul., E.R. de Kloet Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: Microdistribution and differential occupation Endocrinology 117 1985 2505-2511.
285. J.M.H.M. Reul., E.R. de Kloet., F.A. van Sluys., A. Rijnberk., J. Rothuizen Binding characteristics of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in dog brain and pituitary Endocrinology 127 1990 907-915.
286. R. Roesler., M.I. Kopschina., R.M. Rosa., J.A. Henriques., D.O. Souza., G. Schwartsmann RC-3095, a bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist, impairs aversive but not recognition memory in rats Eur. J. Pharmacol. 486 2004 35-41.
287. R. Roesler., D. Lessa., R. Venturella., et al. Bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in the basolateral amygdala regulate memory consolidation Eur. J. Neurosci. 19 2004 1041-1045.
288. R. Roesler., B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Basolateral amygdala lesions block the memory-enhancing effect of 8-Br-cAMP infused into the entorhinal cortex of rats after training Eur. J. Neurosci. 15 2002 905-910.
289. B. Roozendaal Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation Psychoneuroendocrinology 25 2000 213-238.
290. B. Roozendaal Stress and memory: Opposing effects of glucocorticoids on memory consolidation and memory retrieval Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 78 2002 578-595.
291. B. Roozendaal Norepinephrine and long-term memory function G.A. Ordway., M.A. Schwartz. A. Frazer Brain Norepinephrine: Neurobiology and Therapeutics 2007 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 236-274.
292. B. Roozendaal., O. Carmi., J.L. McGaugh Adrenocortical suppression blocks the memory-enhancing effects of amphetamine and epinephrine Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 1996 1429-1433.
293. B. Roozendaal., D.J.-F. de Quervain., B. Ferry., B. Setlow., J.L. McGaugh Basolateral amygdala-nucleus accumbens interactions in mediating glucocorticoid effects on memory consolidation J. Neurosci. 21 2001 2518-2525.
294. B. Roozendaal., D.J.-F. de Quervain., G. Schelling., J.L. McGaugh A systemically administered β-adrenoceptor antagonist blocks corticosterone-induced impairment of contextual memory retrieval in rats Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 81 2004 150-154.
295. B. Roozendaal., Q.K. Griffith., J. Buranday., D.J.-F. de Quervain., J.L. McGaugh The hippocampus mediates glucocorticoid-induced impairment of spatial memory retrieval: Dependence on the basolateral amygdala Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 2003 1328-1333.
296. B. Roozendaal., E.L. Hahn., S.V. Nathan., D.J.-F. de Quervain., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoid effects on memory retrieval require concurrent noradrenergic activity in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala J. Neurosci. 24 2004 8161-8169.
297. B. Roozendaal., B.L. Holloway., K.L. Brunson., T.Z. Baram., J.L. McGaugh Involvement of stress-released corticotropin-releasing hormone in the basolateral amygdala in regulating memory consolidation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 2002 13908-13913.
298. B. Roozendaal., G.K. Hui., I.R. Hui., D.J. Berlau., J.L. McGaugh., N.M. Weinberger Basolateral amygdala noradrenergic activity mediates corticosterone-induced enhancement of auditory fear conditioning Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 86 2006 249-255.
299. B. Roozendaal., R. Lengvilas., J.L. McGaugh., O. Civelli., R.K. Reinscheid Orphanin FQ/nociceptin interactions with the basolateral amygdala noradrenergic system in memory consolidation Learn. Mem. 14 2007 29-35.
300. B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Amygdaloid nuclei lesions differentially affect glucocorticoid-induced memory enhancement in an inhibitory avoidance task Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 65 1996 1-8.
301. B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh The memory-modulatory effects of glucocorticoids depend on an intact stria terminalis Brain Res. 709 1996 243-250.
302. B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoid receptor agonist and antagonist administration into the basolateral but not central amygdala modulates memory storage Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 67 1997 176-179.
303. B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Basolateral amygdala lesions block the memory-enhancing effect of glucocorticoid administration in the dorsal hippocampus of rats Eur. J. Neurosci. 9 1997 76-83.
304. B. Roozendaal., J.R. McReynolds., J.L. McGaugh The basolateral amygdala interacts with the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating glucocorticoid effects on working memory impairment J. Neurosci. 24 2004 1385-1392.
305. B. Roozendaal., B.T. Nguyen., A. Power., J.L. McGaugh Basolateral amygdala noradrenergic influence enables enhancement of memory consolidation induced by hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor activation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 1999 11642-11647.
306. B. Roozendaal., S. Okuda., E.A. Van der Zee., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoid enhancement of memory requires arousal-induced noradrenergic activation in the basolateral amygdala Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 2006 6741-6746.
307. B. Roozendaal., G. Portillo-Marquez., J.L. McGaugh Basolateral amygdala lesions block glucocorticoid-induced modulation of memory for spatial learning Behav. Neurosci. 110 1996 1074-1083.
308. B. Roozendaal., G.L. Quirarte., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoids interact with the basolateral amygdala β-adrenoceptor-cAMP/PKA system in influencing memory consolidation Eur. J. Neurosci. 15 2002 553-560.
309. B. Roozendaal., C.L. Williams., J.L. McGaugh Glucocorticoid receptor activation in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract facilitates memory consolidation: Involvement of the basolateral amygdala Eur. J. Neurosci. 11 1999 1317-1323.
310. J.A. Rosenkranz., A.A. Grace Cellular mechanisms of infralimbic and prelimbic prefrontal cortical inhibition and dopaminergic modulation of basolateral amygdala neurons in vivo J. Neurosci. 22 2002 324-337.
311. J.B. Rowe., I. Toni., O. Josephs., R.S. Frackowiak., R.E. Passingham The prefrontal cortex: Response selection of maintenance within working memory? Science 288 2000 1656-1660.
312. J.W. Rudy., R.J. Sutherland The hippocampal formation is necessary for rats to learn and remember configural discriminations Behav. Brain Res. 34 1989 97-109.
313. J.D. Runyan., P.K. Dash Intra-medial prefrontal administration of SCH-23390 attenuates ERK phosphorylation and long-term memory for trace fear conditioning in rats Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 82 2004 65-70.
314. B. Sacchetti., C.A. Lorenzini., E. Baldi., G. Tassoni., C. Bucherelli Auditory thalamus, dorsal hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, and perirhinal cortex role in the consolidation of conditioned freezing to context and to acoustic conditioned stimulus in the rat J. Neurosci. 19 1999 9570-9578.
315. P. Sah., E.S. Faber., M. Lopez De Armentia., J. Power The amygdaloid complex: Anatomy and physiology Physiol. Rev. 83 2003 803-834.
316. A.A. Sajadi., S.A. Samaei., A. Rashidy-Pour Intra-hippocampal microinjections of anisomycin did not block glucocorticoid-induced impairment of memory retrieval in rats: An evidence for non-genomic effects of glucocorticoids Behav. Brain Res. 173 2006 158-162.
317. J.A. Salinas., I.B. Introini-Collison., C. Dalmaz., J.L. McGaugh Posttraining intra-amygdala infusions of oxotremorine and propranolol modulate storage of memory for reductions in reward magnitude Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 68 1997 51-59.
318. J.A. Salinas., J.L. McGaugh Muscimol induces retrograde amnesia for changes in reward magnitude Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 63 1995 277-285.
319. C. Sandi., S.P.R. Rose Corticosterone enhances long-term potentiation in one-day-old chicks trained in a weak passive avoidance learning paradigm Brain Res. 647 1994 106-112.
320. S.J. Sara., V. Devauges Idazoxan, an α-2 antagonist, facilitates memory retrieval in the rat Behav. Neural Biol. 51 1989 401-411.
321. T. Sato., K. Tanaka., T. Teramoto., et al. Effect of pretraining administration of NC-1900, a vasopressin fragment analog, on memory performance in non- or CO2-amnesic mice Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 78 2004 309-317.
322. T. Sawaguchi., P.S. Goldman-Rakic D1 dopamine receptors in prefrontal cortex: Involvement in working memory Science 251 1991 947-950.
323. G.E. Schafe., J.E. LeDoux Memory consolidation of auditory pavlovian fear conditioning requires protein synthesis and protein kinase A in the amygdala J. Neurosci. 20 2000 RC96.
324. K. Schlesinger., M.A. Pelleymounter., J. van de Kamp., D.L. Bader., K.M. Stewart., T.N. Chase Substance P facilitation of memory: Effects in an appetitively motivated learning task Behav. Neural Biol. 45 1986 230-239.
325. J. Schreurs., T. Seelig., H. Schulman β2-adrenergic receptors on peripheral nerves J. Neurochem. 46 1986 294-296.
326. J.P. Schroeder., M.G. Packard Posttraining intra-basolateral amygdala scopolamine impairs food- and amphetamine-induced conditioned place preferences Behav. Neurosci. 116 2002 922-927.
327. J.P. Schroeder., M.G. Packard Systemic or intra-amygdala injections of glucose facilitate memory consolidation for extinction of drug-induced conditioned reward Eur. J. Neurosci. 17 2003 1482-1488.
328. J.P. Schroeder., M.G. Packard Facilitation of memory for extinction of drug-induced conditioned reward: Role of amygdala and acetylcholine Learn. Mem. 11 2004 641-647.
329. J.K. Seamans., S.B. Floresco., A.G. Phillips D1 receptor modulation of hippocampal-prefrontal cortical circuits integrating spatial memory with executive functions in the rat J. Neurosci. 18 1998 1613-1621.
330. B. Setlow., B. Roozendaal., J.L. McGaugh Involvement of a basolateral amygdala complex - Nucleus accumbens pathway in glucocorticoid-induced modulation of memory storage Eur. J. Neurosci. 12 2000 367-375.
331. A.P. Smith., K.E. Stephan., M.D. Rugg., R.J. Dolan Task and content modulate amygdala-hippocampal connectivity in emotional retrieval Neuron 49 2006 631-638.
332. E. Soetens., S. Casaer., R. D’Hooge., J.E. Hueting Effect of amphetamine on long-term retention of verbal material Psychopharmacology 119 1995 155-162.
333. E. Soetens., R. D’Hooge., J.E. Hueting Amphetamine enhances human-memory consolidation Neurosci. Lett. 161 1993 9-12.
334. S. Southwick., M. Davis., B. Horner., et al. Relationship of enhanced norepinephrine activity during memory consolidation to enhanced long-term memory in humans Am. J. Psychiat. 159 2002 1420-1422.
335. L.R. Squire., R.E. Clark., B.J. Knowlton Retrograde amnesia Hippocampus 11 2001 50-56.
336. C.E. Stern., S.J. Sherman., B.A. Kirchhoff., M.E. Hasselmo Medial temporal and prefrontal contributions to working memory tasks with novel and familiar stimuli Hippocampus 11 2001 337-346.
337. D.B. Sternberg., K. Isaacs., P.E. Gold., J.L. McGaugh Epinephrine facilitation of appetitive learning: Attenuation with adrenergic receptor antagonists Behav. Neural Biol. 44 1985 447-453.
338. B.A. Strange., R.J. Dolan β-adrenergic modulation of emotional memory-evoked human amygdala and hippocampal responses Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 2004 11454-11458.
339. L.O. Stratton., L.F. Petrinovich Post-trial injections of an anticholinesterase drug and maze learning in two strains of rats Psychopharmacologia 5 1963 47-54.
340. W. Sutanto., E.R. de Kloet Species-specificity of corticosteroid receptors in hamster and rat Endocrinology 121 1987 1405-1411.
341. C.P. Talley., H. Clayborn., E. Jewel., R. McCarty., P.E. Gold Vagotomy attenuates effects of L-glucose but not of D-glucose on spontaneous alternation performance Physiol. Behav. 77 2002 243-249.
342. S.-Y. Tam., R.H. Roth Selective increase in dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex by the anxiogenic beta-carboline FG 7142 Biochem. Pharmacol. 34 1985 1595-1598.
343. J.R. Taylor., S. Birnbaum., R. Ubriani., A.F.T. Arnsten Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in prefrontal cortex impairs working memory performance J. Neurosci. 19 1999 RC23.
344. D.N. Thomas., R.M. Post., A. Pert Central and systemic corticosterone differentially affect dopamine and norepinephrine in the frontal cortex of the awake and freely moving rat Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 764 1994 467-469.
345. C. Tomaz., H. Dickinson-Anson., J.L. McGaugh Basolateral amygdala lesions block diazepam-induced anterograde amnesia in an inhibitory avoidance task Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 1992 3615-3619.
346. A.H. van Stegeren., R. Goekoop., W. Everaerd., et al. Noradrenaline mediates amygdala activation in men and women during encoding of emotional material Neuroimage 24 2005 898-909.
347. A. Vazdarjanova., J.L. McGaugh Basolateral amygdala is involved in modulating consolidation of memory for classical fear conditioning J. Neurosci. 19 1999 6615-6622.
348. D.L. Walker., K.J. Ressler., K.T. Lu., M. Davis Facilitation of conditioned fear extinction by systemic administration or intra-amygdala infusions of D-cycloserine as assessed with fear-potentiated startle in rats J. Neurosci. 22 2002 2343-2352.
349. R.-Q. Wan., K. Pang., D.S. Olton Hippocampal and amygdaloid involvement in nonspatial and spatial working memory in rats: Effects of delay and interference Behav. Neurosci. 108 1994 866-882.
350. H. Weil-Malherbe., J. Axelrod., R. Tomchick Blood-brain barrier for adrenalin Science 129 1959 1226-1228.
351. N.M. Weinberger The nucleus basalis and memory codes: Auditory cortical plasticity and the induction of specific, associative behavioral memory Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 80 2003 268-284.
352. A.E. Wilensky., G.E. Schafe., J.E. LeDoux The amygdala modulates memory consolidation of fear-motivated inhibitory avoidance learning but not classical fear conditioning J. Neurosci. 20 2000 7059-7066.
353. C.L. Williams., E.C. Clayton Contribution of brainstem structures in modulating memory storage processes P.E. Gold., W.T. Greenough Memory Consolidation: Essays in Honor of James L. McGaugh 2001 American Psychological Association Washington, DC 141-163.
354. C.L. Williams., R.A. Jensen Vagal afferents: A possible mechanism for the modulation of peripherally acting agents R.C.A. Frederickson., J.L. McGaugh. D.L. Felten Peripheral Signaling of the Brain: Role in Neural-Immune Interactions, Learning and Memory 1991 Hogrefe and Huber New York 467-472.
355. C.L. Williams., J.L. McGaugh Reversible lesions of the nucleus of the solitary tract attenuate the memory-modulating effects of posttraining epinephrine Behav. Neurosci. 107 1993 1-8.
356. C.L. Williams., J.L. McGaugh Enhancement of memory processing in an inhibitory avoidance and radial maze task by posttraining infusion of bombesin into the nucleus tractus solitarius Brain Res. 654 1994 251-256.
357. C.L. Williams., D. Men., E.C. Clayton The effects of noradrenergic activation of the nucleus tractus solitarius on memory and in potentiating norepinephrine release in the amygdala Behav. Neurosci. 114 2000 1131-1144.
358. C.L. Williams., D. Men., E.C. Clayton., P.E. Gold Norepinephrine release in the amygdala after systemic injections of epinephrine or inescapable footshock: Contribution of the nucleus of the solitary tract Behav. Neurosci. 112 1998 1414-1422.
359. O.T. Wolf., A. Convit., P.F. McHugh., et al. Cortisol differentially affects memory in young and elderly men Behav. Neurosci. 115 2001 1002-1011.
360. J.C. Woodson., D. Macintosh., M. Fleshner., D.M. Diamond Emotion-induced amnesia in rats: Working memory-specific impairment, corticosterone-memory correlation, and fear versus arousal effects on memory Learn. Mem. 10 2003 326-336.
361. C.I. Wright., A.V.J. Beijer., H.J. Groenewegen Basal amygdaloid afferents to the rat nucleus accumbens are compartmentally organized J. Neurosci. 16 1996 1877-1893.
362. Y. Yang., J. Cao., W. Xiong., et al. Both stress experience and age determine the impairment or enhancement effect of stress on spatial memory retrieval J. Endocrinl. 178 2003 45-54.
363. Y.L. Yang., P.K. Chao., K.T. Lu Systemic and intra-amygdala administration of glucocorticoid agonist and antagonist modulate extinction of conditioned fear Neuropsychopharmacology 31 2006 912-924.
364. A.H. Young., B.J. Sahakian., T.W. Robbins., P.J. Cowen The effects of chronic administration of cortisone in cognitive function in normal male volunteers Psychopharmacology 145 1999 260-266.
365. M.P. Young The organization of neural systems in the primate cerebral cortex Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 252 1993 13-18.
366. J. Zahrt., J.R. Taylor., R.G. Mathew., A.F. Arnsten Supranormal stimulation of D1 dopamine receptors in the rodent prefrontal cortex impairs spatial working memory performance J. Neurosci. 17 1997 8528-8535.
367. M.S. Zanatta., E. Schaeffer., P.K. Schmitz., et al. Sequential involvement of NMDA receptor-dependent processes in hippocampus, amygdala, chlorhinal cortex and parietal cortex in memory processing Behav. Pharmacol. 7 1996 341-345.
368. M. Zorawski., S. Killcross Posttraining glucocorticoid receptor agonist enhances memory in appetitive and aversive Pavlovian discrete-cue conditioning paradigms Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 78 2002 458-464.