메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 725-736

Ancient and current gene flow between two distantly related Mediterranean oak species, Quercus suber and Q. ilex

Author keywords

CpDNA PCR RFLPs; Hybridization; Interspecies genetic introgression; Nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) variation; Quercus ilex; Quercus suber

Indexed keywords

CHLOROPLAST DNA; MICROSATELLITE DNA;

EID: 69249215255     PISSN: 03057364     EISSN: 10958290     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp149     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (52)
  • 2
    • 0034850745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent cytoplasmic exchanges between oak species that are not closely related: Quercus suber and Q. ilex in Morocco
    • Belahbib N, Pemonge MH, Ouassou A, Sbay H, Kremer A, Petit RJ. 2001. Frequent cytoplasmic exchanges between oak species that are not closely related: Quercus suber and Q. ilex in Morocco. Molecular Ecology 10: 2003-2012.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 2003-2012
    • Belahbib, N.1    Pemonge, M.H.2    Ouassou, A.3    Sbay, H.4    Kremer, A.5    Petit, R.J.6
  • 4
    • 0000612683 scopus 로고
    • Nouvelles analyses polliniques dans l'Atlas de Marrakech, Maroc
    • Bernard J, Reille M. 1987. Nouvelles analyses polliniques dans l'Atlas de Marrakech, Maroc. Pollen et Spores 39: 225-240.
    • (1987) Pollen et Spores , vol.39 , pp. 225-240
    • Bernard, J.1    Reille, M.2
  • 5
    • 0035206398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual reproduction in the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) II. Crossing intra- and inter-specific barriers
    • Boavida LC, Silva JP, Feij JA. 2001. Sexual reproduction in the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) II. Crossing intra- and inter-specific barriers. Sexual Plant Reproduction 14: 143-152.
    • (2001) Sexual Plant Reproduction , vol.14 , pp. 143-152
    • Boavida, L.C.1    Silva, J.P.2    Feij, J.A.3
  • 6
    • 67349106393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of hybrids in nature: Application to oaks (Quercus suber and Q. ilex)
    • Burgarella C, Lorenzo Z, Jabbour-Zahab R, et al. 2009. Detection of hybrids in nature: application to oaks (Quercus suber and Q. ilex). Heredity 102: 442-452.
    • (2009) Heredity , vol.102 , pp. 442-452
    • Burgarella, C.1    Lorenzo, Z.2    Jabbour-Zahab, R.3
  • 7
    • 0346127430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptic trysts, genome mergers, and plant speciation
    • Cronn R, Wendel J. 2004. Cryptic trysts, genome mergers, and plant speciation. New Phytologist 161: 133-142.
    • (2004) New Phytologist , vol.161 , pp. 133-142
    • Cronn, R.1    Wendel, J.2
  • 8
    • 18944369398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative sequencing of a microsatellite locus reveals size homoplasy within and between European oak species (Quercus spp.)
    • Curtu AL, Finkeldey R, Gailing O. 2004. Comparative sequencing of a microsatellite locus reveals size homoplasy within and between European oak species (Quercus spp.). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 22: 339-346.
    • (2004) Plant Molecular Biology Reporter , vol.22 , pp. 339-346
    • Curtu, A.L.1    Finkeldey, R.2    Gailing, O.3
  • 9
    • 34249763755 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of highly variable (GA/ CT)n microsatellites in the bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa
    • Dow B, Ashley M, Howe H. 1995. Characterization of highly variable (GA/ CT)n microsatellites in the bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 9: 137-141.
    • (1995) Theoretical and Applied Genetics , vol.9 , pp. 137-141
    • Dow, B.1    Ashley, M.2    Howe, H.3
  • 10
    • 0001547109 scopus 로고
    • Inheritance of chloroplast and mito-chondrial genomes in pedunculate oak investigated with an efficient PCR method
    • Dumolin S, Demesure B, Petit RJ. 1995. Inheritance of chloroplast and mito-chondrial genomes in pedunculate oak investigated with an efficient PCR method. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91: 1253-1256.
    • (1995) Theoretical and Applied Genetics , vol.91 , pp. 1253-1256
    • Dumolin, S.1    Demesure, B.2    Petit, R.J.3
  • 11
    • 0000476274 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for hybridization between symparic holm-oak and cork oak in Spain based on diagnostic enzyme markers
    • Elena-Rosselló JA, Lumaret R, Cabrera E, Michaud H. 1992. Evidence for hybridization between symparic holm-oak and cork oak in Spain based on diagnostic enzyme markers. Vegetatio 99-100: 115-118.
    • (1992) Vegetatio , vol.99-100 , pp. 115-118
    • Elena-Rosselló, J.A.1    Lumaret, R.2    Cabrera, E.3    Michaud, H.4
  • 12
    • 0000789632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome walking with consensus primers: Application to the large single copy region of chloroplast DNA
    • Grivet D, Heinze B, Vendramin GG, Petit RJ. 2001. Genome walking with consensus primers: application to the large single copy region of chloro-plast DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes 1: 345-349.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.1 , pp. 345-349
    • Grivet, D.1    Heinze, B.2    Vendramin, G.G.3    Petit, R.J.4
  • 13
    • 48849089826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertions-deletions in a microsatellite flanking region may be resolved by variation in stuttering patterns
    • Gugerli F, Brodbeck S, Holderegger R. 2008. Insertions-deletions in a microsatellite flanking region may be resolved by variation in stuttering patterns. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 26: 255-262.
    • (2008) Plant Molecular Biology Reporter , vol.26 , pp. 255-262
    • Gugerli, F.1    Brodbeck, S.2    Holderegger, R.3
  • 14
    • 0036899010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPAGeDi: A versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels
    • Hardy OJ, Vekemans X. 2002. SPAGeDi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels. Molecular Ecology Notes 2: 618-620.
    • (2002) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.2 , pp. 618-620
    • Hardy, O.J.1    Vekemans, X.2
  • 15
    • 0242684693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite allele sizes: A simple test to assess their significance on genetic differentiation
    • Hardy OJ, Charbonnel N, Fréville H, Heuertz M. 2003. Microsatellite allele sizes: a simple test to assess their significance on genetic differentiation. Genetics 163: 1467-1482.
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.163 , pp. 1467-1482
    • Hardy, O.J.1    Charbonnel, N.2    Fréville, H.3    Heuertz, M.4
  • 16
    • 33745105364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of European ashes, Fraxinus sp. ( Oleaceae): Roles of hybridization and life history traits
    • Heuertz M, Carnevale S, Fineschi S, et al. 2006. Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of European ashes, Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae): roles of hybridization and life history traits. Molecular Ecology 15: 2131-2140.
    • (2006) Molecular Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 2131-2140
    • Heuertz, M.1    Carnevale, S.2    Fineschi, S.3
  • 17
    • 7044228139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High variability of chloroplast DNA in three Mediterranean evergree oaks indicates complex evolutionary history
    • Jimenez P, López de Heredia U, Collada C, Lorenzo Z, Gil L. 2004. High variability of chloroplast DNA in three Mediterranean evergreen oaks indicates complex evolutionary history. Heredity 93: 510-515.
    • (2004) Heredity , vol.93 , pp. 510-515
    • Jimenez, P.1    López De Heredia, U.2    Collada, C.3    Lorenzo, Z.4    Gil, L.5
  • 18
    • 0032458261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of (GA)n microsatellite loci from Quercus robur
    • Kampfer S, Lexer C, Glössl J, Steinkellner H. 1998. Characterization of (GA)n microsatellite loci from Quercus robur. Hereditas 129: 183-186.
    • (1998) Hereditas , vol.129 , pp. 183-186
    • Kampfer, S.1    Lexer, C.2    Glössl, J.3    Steinkellner, H.4
  • 19
    • 0001091922 scopus 로고
    • Paleobotanical studies in Fagaceae of the European Tertiary
    • Kvacek Z, Walther H. 1989. Paleobotanical studies in Fagaceae of the European Tertiary. Plant Systematics and Evolution 162: 213-229.
    • (1989) Plant Systematics and Evolution , vol.162 , pp. 213-229
    • Kvacek, Z.1    Walther, H.2
  • 20
    • 16344396105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barrier to gene flow between two ecologically divergent Populus species, P. alba (white poplar) and P. tremula (European aspen); The role of ecology and life history in gene introgression
    • Lexer C, Fay MF, Joseph JA, Nica MS, Heinze B. 2005. Barrier to gene flow between two ecologically divergent Populus species, P. alba (white poplar) and P. tremula (European aspen); the role of ecology and life history in gene introgression. Molecular Ecology 14: 1045-1057.
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 1045-1057
    • Lexer, C.1    Fay, M.F.2    Joseph, J.A.3    Nica, M.S.4    Heinze, B.5
  • 21
    • 34548135224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and palaeoecological evidence for multiple glacial refugia for evergreen oaks on the Iberian Peninsula
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01715.x
    • López de Heredia U, Carrión JS, Jiménez P, Collada C, Gil L. 2007a. Molecular and palaeobotanical evidence for multiple glacial refugia for evergreen oaks on the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Biogeography doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01715.x (Pubitemid 47300675)
    • (2007) Journal of Biogeography , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 1505-1517
    • Lopez De Heredia, U.1    Carrion, J.S.2    Jimenez, P.3    Collada, C.4    Gil, L.5
  • 22
    • 37749028325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-marker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveal vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean
    • López de Heredia U, Jiménez P, Collada C, et al. 2007b. Multi-marker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveal vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean. Taxon 56: 1209-1220.
    • (2007) Taxon , vol.56 , pp. 1209-1220
    • López De Heredia, U.1    Jiménez, P.2    Collada, C.3
  • 23
    • 0036847386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeographical variation of chloroplast DNA in holm oak (Quercus ilex L.)
    • Lumaret R, Mir C, Michaud H, Raynal V. 2002. Phylogeographical variation of chloroplast DNA in holm oak (Quercus ilex L.). Molecular Ecology 11: 2327-2336.
    • (2002) Molecular Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 2327-2336
    • Lumaret, R.1    Mir, C.2    Michaud, H.3    Raynal, V.4
  • 24
    • 24944559972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeographical variation of chloroplast DNA in cork oak (Quercus suber)
    • Lumaret R, Tryphon-Dionnet M, Michaud H, et al. 2005. Phylogeographical variation of chloroplast DNA in cork oak (Quercus suber). Annals of Botany 96: 853-861.
    • (2005) Annals of Botany , vol.96 , pp. 853-861
    • Lumaret, R.1    Tryphon-Dionnet, M.2    Michaud, H.3
  • 25
    • 69249247670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and genetic variability of Cork-oak
    • Aronson J, Pereira JS, Pausas J. eds. Washington, DC: Island Press
    • Lumaret R, López de Heredia U, Soto A. 2009. Origin and genetic variability of Cork-oak. In: Aronson J, Pereira JS, Pausas J. eds. Cork oak woodlands on the edge: ecology, adaptive management and restoration. Washington, DC: Island Press, 25-32.
    • (2009) Cork Oak Woodlands on the Edge: Ecology, Adaptive Management and Restoration , pp. 25-32
    • Lumaret, R.1
  • 26
    • 13444259976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroplast DNA variation of Quercus rubra L. in North America and comparison with other Fagaceae
    • Magni CR, Ducousso A, Caron H, Petit RJ, Kremer A. 2005. Chloroplast DNA variation of Quercus rubra L. in North America and comparison with other Fagaceae. Molecular Ecology 14: 513-524.
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 513-524
    • Magni, C.R.1    Ducousso, A.2    Caron, H.3    Petit, R.J.4    Kremer, A.5
  • 27
    • 37249046451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of Quercus suber chloroplast haplotypes matches the palaeogeographical history of the western Mediterranean
    • Magri D, Fineschi S, Bellarosa R, et al. 2007. The distribution of Quercus suber chloroplast haplotypes matches the palaeogeographical history of the western Mediterranean. Molecular Ecology 16: 5259-5266.
    • (2007) Molecular Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 5259-5266
    • Magri, D.1    Fineschi, S.2    Bellarosa, R.3
  • 28
    • 0033174343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny, biogeography, and processes of molecular differentiation in Quercus subgenus Quercus (Fagaceae)
    • Manos PS, Doyle JJ, Nixon KC. 1999. Phylogeny, biogeography, and processes of molecular differentiation in Quercus subgenus Quercus (Fagaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 12: 333-349.
    • (1999) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , vol.12 , pp. 333-349
    • Manos, P.S.1    Doyle, J.J.2    Nixon, K.C.3
  • 29
    • 0034892050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hybrid populations selectively filter gene introgression between species
    • Martinsen GD, Whitham TG, Turek RJ, Keim P. 2001. Hybrid populations selectively filter gene introgression between species. Evolution 55: 1325-1335.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 1325-1335
    • Martinsen, G.D.1    Whitham, T.G.2    Turek, R.J.3    Keim, P.4
  • 30
    • 0029170573 scopus 로고
    • Effect of geographical discontinuity on genetic variation in Quercus ilex L. (holm oak). Evidence from enzyme polymorphism
    • Michaud H, Toumi L, Lumaret R, Li TX, Romane F, Di Giusto F. 1995. Effect of geographical discontinuity on genetic variation in Quercus ilex L. (holm oak). Evidence from enzyme polymorphism. Heredity 74: 590-606.
    • (1995) Heredity , vol.74 , pp. 590-606
    • Michaud, H.1    Toumi, L.2    Lumaret, R.3    Li, T.X.4    Romane, F.5    Di Giusto, F.6
  • 31
    • 60349103141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting nuclear and cytoplasmic exchanges between phylogenetically distant oak species (Quercus suber L. and Q. ilex L.) in Southern France: Inferring crosses and dynamics
    • Mir C, Jarne P, Sarda V, Bonin A, Lumaret R. 2009. Contrasting nuclear and cytoplasmic exchanges between phylogenetically distant oak species (Quercus suber L. and Q. ilex L.) in Southern France: inferring crosses and dynamics. Plant Biology 11: 213-226.
    • (2009) Plant Biology , vol.11 , pp. 213-226
    • Mir, C.1    Jarne, P.2    Sarda, V.3    Bonin, A.4    Lumaret, R.5
  • 33
    • 4143135440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hybrids between cork oak and holm oak: Isoenzyme analysis
    • Oliviera P, Custodio AC, Branco C, et al. 2003. Hybrids between cork oak and holm oak: isoenzyme analysis. Forest Genetics 10: 283-298.
    • (2003) Forest Genetics , vol.10 , pp. 283-298
    • Oliviera, P.1    Custodio, A.C.2    Branco, C.3
  • 35
    • 0034118493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data
    • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945-959.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 945-959
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Stephens, M.2    Donnelly, P.3
  • 37
    • 0026387915 scopus 로고
    • Differential cytoplasmic versus nuclear introgression in Helianthus.
    • Rieseberg LH, Choi HC, Ham D. 1991. Differential cytoplasmic versus nuclear introgression in Helianthus. Journal of Heredity 82: 489-493.
    • (1991) Journal of Heredity , vol.82 , pp. 489-493
    • Rieseberg, L.H.1    Choi, H.C.2    Ham, D.3
  • 38
    • 0031903131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of mating in wild sunflower hybrid zones
    • Rieseberg LH, Bair SJE, Desrochers AM. 1998. Patterns of mating in wild sunflower hybrid zones. Evolution 52: 489-493.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 489-493
    • Rieseberg, L.H.1    Bair, S.J.E.2    Desrochers, A.M.3
  • 39
    • 0030946551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic-affiliation estimation by use of population-specific DNA markers.
    • Shriver MD, Smith MW, Jin L, et al. 1997. Ethnic-affiliation estimation by use of population-specific DNA markers. American Journal of Human Genetics 60: 957-964.
    • (1997) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.60 , pp. 957-964
    • Shriver, M.D.1    Smith, M.W.2    Jin, L.3
  • 40
    • 0028816747 scopus 로고
    • A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies
    • Slatkin M. 1995. A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics 130: 457-462.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.130 , pp. 457-462
    • Slatkin, M.1
  • 41
    • 0042877108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear microsatellites markers for the identification of Quercus ilex L. and Quercus suber L. hybrids
    • Soto A, Lorenzo Z, Gil L. 2003. Nuclear microsatellites markers for the identification of Quercus ilex L. and Quercus suber L. hybrids. Silvae Genetica 52: 63-66.
    • (2003) Silvae Genetica , vol.52 , pp. 63-66
    • Soto, A.1    Lorenzo, Z.2    Gil, L.3
  • 42
    • 36349020884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal in Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.: Consequences for regeneration of Mediterranean open woods
    • Soto A, Lorenzo Z, Gil L. 2007. Differences in fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal in Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.: consequences for regeneration of Mediterranean open woods. Heredity 99: 601-607.
    • (2007) Heredity , vol.99 , pp. 601-607
    • Soto, A.1    Lorenzo, Z.2    Gil, L.3
  • 43
    • 4143127815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoprenoid emissions of Quercus spp. (Q. suber and Q. ilex) in mixed stands contrasting in interspecific genetic introgression
    • Staudt M, Mir C, Joffre R, et al. 2004. Isoprenoid emissions of Quercus spp. (Q. suber and Q. ilex) in mixed stands contrasting in interspecific genetic introgression. New Phytologist 163: 573-584.
    • (2004) New Phytologist , vol.163 , pp. 573-584
    • Staudt, M.1    Mir, C.2    Joffre, R.3
  • 44
    • 0031128134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of (GA/CT)n - Microsatellite loci from Quercus petraea
    • Steinkellner H, Fluch S, Turetschek E, et al. 1997. Identification and characterization of (GA/CT)n - microsatellite loci from Quercus petraea. Plant Molecular Biology 3: 1093-1096.
    • (1997) Plant Molecular Biology , vol.3 , pp. 1093-1096
    • Steinkellner, H.1    Fluch, S.2    Turetschek, E.3
  • 45
    • 0031698180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allozyme variation in cork oak (Quercus suber L): The role of phylogeography, genetic introgression by other Mediterranean oak species and human activities
    • Toumi L, Lumaret R. 1998. Allozyme variation in cork oak (Quercus suber L): the role of phylogeography, genetic introgression by other Mediterranean oak species and human activities. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97: 647-656.
    • (1998) Theoretical and Applied Genetics , vol.97 , pp. 647-656
    • Toumi, L.1    Lumaret, R.2
  • 46
    • 0034929731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allozyme characterisation of four Mediterranean evergreen oak species
    • Toumi L, Lumaret R. 2001. Allozyme characterisation of four Mediterranean evergreen oak species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 29: 799-817.
    • (2001) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , vol.29 , pp. 799-817
    • Toumi, L.1    Lumaret, R.2
  • 48
    • 28344450460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and hybridization in a mixed oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea (Matts.) Liebl.) in central Spain
    • Valbuena-Carabaña M, González-Martínez SC, Sork VL, et al. 2005. Gene flow and hybridization in a mixed oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea (Matts.) Liebl.) in central Spain. Heredity 95 : 1-5.
    • (2005) Heredity , vol.95 , pp. 1-5
    • Valbuena-Carabaña, M.1    González-Martínez, S.C.2    Sork, V.L.3
  • 49
    • 33847656735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine-scale spatial genetic structure in mixed oak stands with different levels of hybridization
    • Valbuena-Carabaña M, Gonzalez-Martinez SC, Hardy OJ, Gil L. 2007. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure in mixed oak stands with different levels of hybridization. Molecular Ecology 16: 1207-1219.
    • (2007) Molecular Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 1207-1219
    • Valbuena-Carabaña, M.1    Gonzalez-Martinez, S.C.2    Hardy, O.J.3    Gil, L.4
  • 50
    • 1642523397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of hybrid zones between Pinus pumila and P. parviflora var. pentaphylla (Pinaceae) revealed by molecular hybrid index analysis
    • Watano Y, Kanai A, Tani N. 2004. Genetic structure of hybrid zones between Pinus pumila and P. parviflora var. pentaphylla (Pinaceae) revealed by molecular hybrid index analysis. American Journal of Botany 91: 65-72.
    • (2004) American Journal of Botany , vol.91 , pp. 65-72
    • Watano, Y.1    Kanai, A.2    Tani, N.3
  • 51
    • 0035544528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive processes in two oak (Quercus) contact zones with different levels of hybridization
    • Williams JH, Boecklen WJ, Howard DJ. 2001. Reproductive processes in two oak (Quercus) contact zones with different levels of hybridization. Heredity 87: 680-690.
    • (2001) Heredity , vol.87 , pp. 680-690
    • Williams, J.H.1    Boecklen, W.J.2    Howard, D.J.3
  • 52
    • 0004149831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Wolfram S. 1996. The mathematica book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1996) The Mathematica Book
    • Wolfram, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.