Waist circumference is the best anthropometric predictor for insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine but not olanzapine

Journal of Psychiatric Practice

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 251-261

  Henderson, David C ^a,c   Fan, Xiaoduo ^a   Sharma, Bikash ^a   Copeland, Paul M ^b   Borba, Christina P C ^a   Freudenreich, Oliver ^a   Cather, Corinne ^a   Evins, A Eden ^a   Goff, Donald C ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c Freedom Trail Clinic   (United States)

Author keywords

Clozapine; Diabetes mellitus; Glucose metabolism; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Olanzapine; Schizophrenia; Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic; Waist circumference

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; OLANZAPINE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; GENDER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; HOMEOSTASIS MODEL OF ASSESSMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE; HUMAN; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; PROGNOSIS; RACE DIFFERENCE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WAIST HIP RATIO;

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; BENZODIAZEPINES; BODY MASS INDEX; CLOZAPINE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; GLUCOSE; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MALE; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

EID: 68949165917     PISSN: 15274160     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.pra.0000358312.99233.ef     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Kamran A, Doraiswamy PM, Jane JL, et al. Severe hyper-glycemia associated with high doses of clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1395.
2. Koller E, Schneider B, Bennett K, et al. Clozapine-associ-ated diabetes. Am J Med 2001;111:716-723
3. Henderson DC, Cagliero E, Copeland PM, et al. Glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotic agents: A frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:19-28.
4. Lindenmayer JP, Czobor P, Volavka J, et al. Changes in glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:290-296
5. Sernyak MJ, Leslie DL, Alarcon RD, et al. Association of diabetes mellitus with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 561-566
6. Henderson DC, Cagliero E, Gray C, et al. Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157: 975-981
7. Newcomer JW. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism associated with atypical antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:36-46.
8. Olfson M, Marcus SC, Corey-Lisle P, et al. Hyperlipidemia following treatment with antipsychotic medications. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1821-1825
9. Casey DE. Dyslipidemia and atypical antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:27-35.
10. Wirshing DA, Boyd JA, Meng LR, et al. The effects of novel antipsychotics on glucose and lipid levels. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:856-865
11. Lamberti JS, Bellnier T, Schwarzkopf SB. Weight gain among schizophrenic patients treated with clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:689-690
12. Umbricht DS, Pollack S, Kane JM. Clozapine and weight gain. J Clin Psychiatry 1994;55:157-160
13. Newcomer JW. Metabolic considerations in the use of antipsychotic medications: A review of recent evidence. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:20-27
14. Wirshing DA, Wirshing WC, Kysar L, et al. Novel antipsychotics: Comparison of weight gain liabilities. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:358-363
15. Henderson DC, Daley TB, Kunkel L, et al. Clozapine and hypertension: A chart review of 82 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:686-689
16. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Lennon L, et al. Metabolic syndrome vs Framingham risk score for prediction of coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:2644-2650
17. Bobes J, Arango C, Aranda P, Carmena et al. Cardiovascular and metabolic risk in outpatients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics: Results of the CLAMORS Study. Schizophr Res 2007;90:162-173
18. Osby U, Correia N, Brandt L, et al. Mortality and causes of death in schizophrenia in Stockholm county, Sweden. Schizophr Res 2000;45:21-28 (Pubitemid 30687279)
19. Casey DE, Haupt DW, Newcomer JW, et al. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities: Implications for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:4-18; quiz 19-20.
20. Newcomer JW. Metabolic risk during antipsychotic treatment. Clin Ther 2004;26:1936-1946
21. Newcomer JW. Metabolic syndrome and mental illness. Am J Manag Care 2007;13:S170-7.
22. Newcomer JW, Haupt DW. The metabolic effects of antipsychotic medications. Can J Psychiatry 2006;51: 480-491
23. McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Goff DC, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr Res 2005;80:19-32.
24. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002;287:356-359
25. Ho SC, Chen YM, Woo JL, et al. Association between simple anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:1689-1697
26. Rankinen T, Kim SY, Perusse L, et al. The prediction of abdominal visceral fat level from body composition and anthropometry: ROC analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:801-809
27. Reeder BA, Senthilselvan A, Despres JP, et al. The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with abdominal obesity in Canada. Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group. CMAJ 1997;157:S39-45.
28. Onat A, Avci GS, Barlan MM, et al. Measures of abdominal obesity assessed for visceral adiposity and relation to coronary risk. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28: 1018-1025
29. Aekplakorn W, Kosulwat V, Suriyawongpaisal P. Obesity indices and cardiovascular risk factors in Thai adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006;30:1782-1790
30. Jia WP, Lu JX, Xiang KS, et al. Prediction of abdominal visceral obesity from body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio in Chinese adults: Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis. Biomed Environ Sci 2003;16:206-211
31. Lemieux S, Prud'homme D, Tremblay A, et al. Anthropometric correlates to changes in visceral adipose tissue over 7 years in women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996;20: 618-624
32. Lemieux S, Prud'homme D, Bouchard C, et al. A single threshold value of waist girth identifies normal-weight and overweight subjects with excess visceral adipose tissue. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:685-693
33. Lemieux S, Prud'homme D, Nadeau A, et al. Seven-year changes in body fat and visceral adipose tissue in women: Association with indexes of plasma glucose-insulin home-ostasis. Diabetes Care 1996;19:983-991
34. Shen W, Punyanitya M, Chen J, et al. Waist circumference correlates with metabolic syndrome indicators better than percentage fat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006;14:727-736
35. Meisinger C, Doring A, Thorand B, et al. Body fat distribution and risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population: Are there differences between men and women? The MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:483-489
36. Farin HM, Abbasi F, Reaven GM. Body mass index and waist circumference correlate to the same degree with insulin-mediated glucose uptake. Metabolism 2005;54: 1323-1328
37. Farin HM, Abbasi F, Reaven GM. Body mass index and waist circumference both contribute to differences in insulin-mediated glucose disposal in nondiabetic adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:47-51.
38. Farin HM, Abbasi F, Reaven GM. Comparison of body mass index versus waist circumference with the metabolic changes that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in insulin-resistant individuals. Am J Cardiol 2006;98: 1053-1056
39. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Morris RW, et al. Measures of adiposity in the identification of metabolic abnormalities in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1313-1321
40. Rexrode KM, Buring JE, Manson JE. Abdominal and total adiposity and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:1047-1056
41. Dalton M, Cameron AJ, Zimmet PZ, et al. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults. J Intern Med 2003;254:555-563
42. Wang Y, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. Comparison of abdominal adiposity and overall obesity in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes among men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81: 555-563
43. Wannamethee SG, Lowe GD, Shaper AG, et al. The metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: Relationship to haemostatic and inflammatory markers in older non-diabetic men. Atherosclerosis 2005;181:101-108
44. Gupta R, Rastogi P, Sarna M, et al. Body-mass index, waist-size, waist-hip ratio and cardiovascular risk factors in urban subjects. J Assoc Physicians India 2007;55: 621-627
45. Grundy SM. What is the contribution of obesity to the metabolic syndrome? Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2004;33:267-282
46. Haffner SM, Valdez RA, Hazuda HP, et al. Prospective analysis of the insulin-resistance syndrome (syndrome X). Diabetes 1992;41:715-722
47. Kitabchi AE, Temprosa M, Knowler WC, et al. Role of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the evolution of type 2 diabetes in the diabetes prevention program: Effects of lifestyle intervention and metformin. Diabetes 2005;54: 2404-2414
48. Semenkovich CF. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2006;116:1813-1822
49. Reaven G, Abbasi F, McLaughlin T. Obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. Recent Prog Horm Res 2004;59:207-223
50. Reaven GM. Insulin resistance, the insulin resistance syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Panminerva Med 2005;47:201-210
51. Reaven G. All obese individuals are not created equal: Insulin resistance is the major determinant of cardiovascular disease in overweight/obese individuals. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2005;2:105-112
52. McLaughlin T, Allison G, Abbasi F, et al. Prevalence of insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular disease risk factors among normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Metabolism 2004;53:495-499
53. Park SH, Lee WY, Lee YS, et al. The relative effects of obesity and insulin resistance on cardiovascular risk factors in nondiabetic and normotensive men. Korean J Intern Med 2004;19:75-80.
54. Chan DC, Watts GF, Sussekov AV, et al. Adipose tissue compartments and insulin resistance in overweight-obese Caucasian men. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004;63:77-85.
55. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:596-601.
56. Mackin P, Bishop DR, Watkinson HM. A prospective study of monitoring practices for metabolic disease in antipsy-chotic-treated community psychiatric patients. BMC Psychiatry 2007;7:28.
57. Newcomer JW Antipsychotic medications: Metabolic and cardiovascular risk. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:8-13.
58. Newcomer JW, Haupt DW, Fucetola R, et al. Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:337-345
59. Haupt DW, Newcomer JW. Hyperglycemia and antipsychotic medications. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:15-26; discussion 40-41
60. Haupt DW, Fahnestock PA, Flavin KA, et al. Adiposity and insulin sensitivity derived from intravenous glucose tolerance tests in antipsychotic-treated patients. Neuropsycho-pharmacology 2007;32:2561-2569
61. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, et al. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). I: History, rationale, and description. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49: 624-629
62. Pereira MA, FitzerGerald SJ, Gregg EW, et al. A collection of physical activity questionnaires for health-related research. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29:S1-205.
63. Bergman RN, Phillips LS, Cobelli C. Physiologic evaluation of factors controlling glucose tolerance in man: Measurement of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell glucose sensitivity from the response to intravenous glucose. J Clin Invest 1981;68:1456-1467
64. Bergman RN. Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach. Diabetes 1989;38:1512-1527
65. Bergman RN, Watanabe R, Rebrin K, et al. Toward an integrated phenotype in pre-NIDDM. Diabet Med 1996;13: S67-77.
66. Henderson DC, Copeland PM, Borba CP, et al. Glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine or quetiapine: A frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:789-797
67. Bergman RN, Prager R, Volund A, et al. Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp. J Clin Invest 1987;79:790-800.
68. Kahn SE, Prigeon RL, McCulloch DK, et al. Quantification of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in human subjects. Evidence for a hyperbolic function. Diabetes 1993;42):1663-1672
69. Perez-Martin A, Raynaud E, Hentgen C, et al. Simplified measurement of insulin sensitivity with the minimal model procedure in type 2 diabetic patients without measurement of insulinemia. Horm Metab Res 2002;34:102-106
70. Hermans MP, Levy JC, Morris RJ, et al. Comparison of insulin sensitivity tests across a range of glucose tolerance from normal to diabetes. Diabetologia 1999;42:678-687
71. McNamara JR, Schaefer EJ. Automated enzymatic standardized lipid analyses for plasma and lipoprotein fractions. Clin Chim Acta 1987; 166:1-8.
72. Warnick GR, Benderson J, Albers JJ. Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Clin Chem 1982;28: 1379-1388
73. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18:499-502.