Waist circumference correlates with metabolic syndrome indicators better than percentage fat

Obesity

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 727-736

  Wei, Shen ^a,d   Punyanitya, Mark ^a   Jun, Chen ^a   Gallagher, Dympna ^a   Albu, Jeanine ^a   Pi Sunyer, Xavier ^a   Lewis, Cora E ^b   Grunfeld, Carl ^c   Heshka, Stanley ^a   Heymsfield, Steven B ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^b University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d ST LUKE S ROOSEVELT HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Anthropometrics; BMI; Body composition; DXA; Health risk indicators

Indexed keywords

INSULIN; LIPID;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION; BODY MASS; CAUCASIAN; DIET RESTRICTION; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PHYSIOLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS; WAIST HIP RATIO;

ADIPOSITY; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION; BODY MASS INDEX; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FASTING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INSULIN; LIPIDS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; STATISTICS; WAIST-HIP RATIO;

EID: 33846891578     PISSN: 19307381     EISSN: 1930739X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.83     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Stamler J. Epidemic obesity in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1040-4.
2. Seidell JC. Obesity in Europe: scaling an epidemic. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995;19:S1-4.
3. World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1998.
4. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The Practical Guide: Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob_home.htm (Accessed June 1, 2005).
5. Prentice AM, Jebb SA. Beyond body mass index. Obes Rev. 2001;2:141-7.
6. Goh VH, Tain CF, Tong TY, et al. Are BMI and other anthropometric measures appropriate as indices for obesity? A study in an Asian population. J Lipid Res. 2004;45:1892-8.
7. Neovius MG, Linne YM, Barkeling BS, Rossner SO. Sensitivity and specificity of classification systems for fatness in adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:597-603.
8. Bedogni G, Pietrobelli A, Heymsfield SB, et al. Is body mass index a measure of adiposity in elderly women? Obes Res. 2001;9:17-20.
9. Faria AN, Ribeiro Filho FF, Gouveia Ferreira SR, Zanella MT. Impact of visceral fat on blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive obese women. Obes Res. 2002;10:1203-6.
10. Phillips GB, Jing T, Heymsfield SB. Relationships in men of sex hormones, insulin, adiposity, and risk factors for myocardial infarction. Metabolism. 2003;52:784-90.
11. Zhu S, Wang Z, Heshka S, et al. Waist circumference and obesity-associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: clinical action thresholds. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:743-9.
12. Oppert JM, Charles MA, Thibult N, et al. Anthropometric estimates of muscle and fat mass in relation to cardiac and cancer mortality in men: the Paris Prospective Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:1107-13.
13. Nicklas BJ, Penninx BW, Cesari M, et al. Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Association of visceral adipose tissue with incident myocardial infarction in older men and women: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:741-9.
14. Snijder MB, Dekker JM, Visser M, et al. Trunk fat and leg fat have independent and opposite associations with fasting and postload glucose levels: the Hoorn study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:372-7.
15. Ferreira I, Snijder MB, Twisk JW, et al. Central fat mass versus peripheral fat and lean mass: opposite (adverse versus favorable) associations with arterial stiffness? The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2632-9.
16. Tanko LB, Bagger YZ, Alexandersen P, et al. Peripheral adiposity exhibits an independent dominant antiatherogenic effect in elderly women. Circulation. 2003;107:1626-31.
17. Van Pelt RE, Evans EM, Schechtman KB, et al. Contributions of total and regional fat mass to risk for cardiovascular disease in older women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;282:E1023-8.
18. Tatsukawa M, Kurokawa M, Tamari Y, et al. Regional fat deposition in the legs is useful as a presumptive marker of antiatherogenesity in Japanese. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2000;223:156-62.
19. Lean ME, Han TS, Morrison CE. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ 1995;311:158-61.
20. Han TS, McNeill G, Seidell JC, Lean ME. Predicting intraabdominal fatness from anthropometric measures: the influence of stature. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997;21:587-93.
21. Després JP, Prud'homme D, Pouliot MC, et al. Estimation of deep abdominal adipose-tissue accumulation from simple anthropometric measurements in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54:471-7.
22. Hill JO, Sidney S, Lewis CE, et al. Racial differences in amounts of visceral adipose tissue in young adults: the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:381-7.
23. Sidney S, Lewis CE, Hill JO, et al. Association of total and central adiposity measures with fasting insulin in a biracial population of young adults with normal glucose tolerance: the CARDIA study. Obes Res. 1999;7:265-72.
24. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Morris RW, Whincup PH. Measures of adiposity in the identification of metabolic abnormalities in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:1313-21.
25. Ito H, Nakasuga K, Ohshima A, et al. Detection of cardiovascular risk factors by indices of obesity obtained from anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Japanese individuals. Im J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:232-7.
26. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-97.
27. Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, et al. Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:694-701.
28. Kim J, Heshka S, Gallagher D, et al. Intermuscular adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass: estimation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adults. J Appl Physlol. 2004;97:655-60.
29. Friedman GD, Cutter GR, Donahue RP, et al. CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41:1105-16.
30. Wang J, Thornton JC, Bari S, et al. Comparisons of waist circumferences measured at 4 sites. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:379-84.
31. Russell-Aulet M, Wang J, Thornton J, Pierson RN Jr. Comparison of dual-photon absorptiometry systems for totalbody bone and soft tissue measurements: dual-energy X-rays versus gadolinium 153. J Bone Miner Res. 1991;6:411-5.
32. Fornage M, Boerwinkle E, Doris PA, et al. Polymorphism of the soluble epoxide hydrolase is associated with coronary artery calcification in African-American subjects: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation. 2004:109:335-9.
33. Steiger JH. Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychol Bull. 1980;87:245-61.
34. NIST/SEMATECH. e-Handbook of statistical methods, http://www. itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda336.htm (Accessed June 1, 2005).
35. Schoen RE, Thaete FL, Sankey SS, et al. Sagittal diameter in comparison with single slice CT as a predictor of total visceral adipose tissue volume. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998;22:338-42.
36. Carey DG, Jenkins AB, Campbell LV, et al. Abdominal fat and insulin resistance in normal and overweight women: direct measurements reveal a strong relationship in subjects at both low and high risk of NIDDM. Diabetes. 1996;45:633-8.
37. Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL, Kelley DE. Thigh adipose tissue distribution is associated with insulin resistance in obesity and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:885-92.
38. Soriano JM, Ioannidou E, Wang J, et al. Pencil-beam vs fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry comparisons across four systems: body composition and bone mineral. J Clin Densitom. 2004;7:281-9.
39. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross R. Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:379-84.
40. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, et al. Body mass index and waist circumference independently contribute to the prediction of nonabdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:683-8.
41. Wang Z, Hoy WE. Waist circumference, body mass index, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular disease in Aboriginal people. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:888-93.
42. Sharp TA, Bell ML, Grunwald GK, et al. Differences in resting metabolic rate between white and African-American young adults. Obes Res. 2002;10:726-32.