Effects of socially prescribed expectations on emotions and cognitions in Asian and European Americans

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 272-282

  Chang, Rita ^a   Chang, Edward C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Asian Americans; Ethnic differences; Perfectionism

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN; COGNITION; COLLEGE STUDENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; EMOTION; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; EXPECTANCY; EXPECTATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRETEST POSTTEST DESIGN; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING; RACE DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL ASPECT;

EID: 67651160752     PISSN: 01475916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-008-9187-9     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. AM Bastiani R Rao T Weltzin WH Kaye 1995 Perfectionism in anorexia nervosa International Journal of Eating Disorders 17 147 152
2. AT Beck CH Ward M Mendelson J Mock J Erbaugh 1961 An inventory for measuring depression Archives of General Psychiatry 4 561 571
3. SJ Blatt 1995 The destructiveness of perfectionism: Implications for the treatment of depression American Psychologist 50 1003 1020
4. Burns, D. D. (1980). The perfectionist's script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 14, 34-52
5. LD Cameron G Nicholls 1998 Expression of stressful experiences through writing: Effects of a self-regulation manipulation for pessimists and optimists Health Psychology 17 1 84 92 (Pubitemid 28269774)
6. CS Carver MF Scheier 1982 Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology Psychological Bulletin 92 111 135
7. EC Chang 1996 Cultural differences in optimism, pessimism, and coping: Predictors of subsequent adjustment in Asian American and Caucasian American college students Journal of Counseling Psychology 43 113 123 (Pubitemid 126464686)
8. EC Chang 1996 Evidence for the cultural specificity of pessimism in Asians versus Caucasians: A test of a general negativity hypothesis Personality and Individual Differences 21 819 822 (Pubitemid 126160534)
9. Chang, E. C. (Ed.). (2001). Optimism & pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association.
10. EC Chang 2002 Cultural differences in psychological distress in Asian and Caucasian American college students: Examining the role of cognitive and affective concomitants Journal of Counseling Psychology 49 47 59 (Pubitemid 34092405)
11. Chang, E. C. (2003). On the perfectibility of the individual: Going beyond the dialectic of good and evil. In E. C. Chang & L. J. Sanna (Eds.), Virtue, vice, and personality: The complexity of behavior (pp. 125-143). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
12. EC Chang 2006 Conceptualization and measurement of adaptive and maladaptive aspects of performance perfectionism: Relations to personality, psychological functioning, and academic achievement Cognitive Therapy and Research 30 677 697 (Pubitemid 44952987)
13. EC Chang K Asakawa 2003 Cultural variations on optimistic and pessimistic bias for self versus a sibling: Is there evidence for self-enhancement in the West and self-criticism in the East when the referent group is specified? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 569 581 (Pubitemid 38397272)
14. EC Chang K Asakawa LJ Sanna 2001 Cultural variations in optimistic and pessimistic bias: Do Easterners really expect the worst and Westerners really expect the best when predicting future life events? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 476 491 (Pubitemid 33595618)
15. AJ Elliot VI Chirkov Y Kim KM Sheldon 2001 A cross-cultural analysis of avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals Psychological Science 12 505 510 (Pubitemid 33653569)
16. MW Enns BJ Cox I Clara 2002 Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism: Developmental origins and association with depression proneness Personality and Individual Differences 33 921 935
17. BA Fedewa LR Burns AA Gomez 2005 Positive and negative perfectionism and the shame/guilt distinction: Adaptive and maladaptive characteristics Personality and Individual Differences 38 1609 1619 (Pubitemid 40393448)
18. RO Frost RG Heimberg CS Holt JI Mattia AL Neubauer 1993 A comparison of two measures of perfectionism Personality & Individual Differences 14 119 126
19. RO Frost P Marten C Lahart R Rosenblate 1990 The dimensions of perfectionism Cognitive Therapy and Research 14 449 468 (Pubitemid 20377898)
20. DE Hamachek 1978 Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior 15 27 33
21. EE Hardin FTL Leong 2005 Optimism and pessimism as mediators of the relations between self-discrepancies among Asian and European Americans Journal of Counseling Psychology 52 25 35 (Pubitemid 40128962)
22. SJ Heine DR Lehman 1995 Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more invulnerable than the East? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 595 607
23. SJ Heine DR Lehman HR Markus S Kitayama 1999 Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review 106 766 794
24. SJ Heine T Takata DR Lehman 2000 Beyond self-presentation: Evidence for self-criticism among Japanese Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26 71 78
25. JE Helms M Jernigan J Mascher 2005 The meaning of race in psychology and how to change it: A methodological perspective American Psychologist 60 1 27 36 (Pubitemid 40131548)
26. PL Hewitt GL Flett 1991 Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 456 470
27. SS Iyengar MR Lepper 1999 Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 349 366
28. LJ Ji RE Nisbett Y Su 2001 Culture, change, and prediction Psychological Science 12 450 456 (Pubitemid 33653560)
29. S Kitayama HR Markus H Matsumoto V Norasakkunkit 1997 Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 1245 1267 (Pubitemid 127689002)
30. KCH Lam R Buehler C McFarland M Ross I Cheung 2005 Cultural differences in affective forecasting: The role of focalism Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31 1296 1309 (Pubitemid 41251310)
31. HR Markus S Kitayama 1991 Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation Psychological Review 98 224 253
32. TR Martin GL Flett PL Hewitt L Krames G Szanto 1996 Personality correlates of depression and health symptoms: A test of a self-regulation model Journal of Research in Personality 31 264 277 (Pubitemid 126162218)
33. MJ Miller 2007 A bilinear multidimensional measurement model of Asian American acculturation and enculturation: Implications for counseling interventions Journal of Counseling Psychology 54 2 118 131 (Pubitemid 47449673)
34. DS Molnar DL Reker NA Culp SW Sadava NH DeCourville 2006 A mediated model of perfectionism, affect, and physical health Journal of Research in Personality 40 5 482 500 (Pubitemid 44364211)
35. JJ Muehlenkamp PM Gutierrez A Osman FX Barrios 2005 Validation of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory in a diverse sample of young adults Journal of Clinical Psychology 61 4 431 445 (Pubitemid 40577352)
36. RE Nisbett K Peng I Choi A Norenzayan 2001 Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition Psychological Review 108 291 301
37. JK Norem EC Chang 2002 The positive psychology of negative thinking Journal of Clinical Psychology 58 993 1001 (Pubitemid 34920437)
38. V Norasakkunkit SM Kalick 2002 Culture, ethnicity, and emotional distress measures: The role of self-construal and self-enhancement Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33 1 56 70 (Pubitemid 36657147)
39. S Oishi RS Wyer Jr SJ Colcombe 2000 Cultural variation in the use of current life satisfaction to predict the future Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 3 434 445
40. S Okazaki D Kallivayalil 2002 Cultural norms and subjective disability as predictors of symptom reports among Asian Americans and White Americans Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33 5 482 491 (Pubitemid 36703738)
41. D Oyserman HM Coon M Kemmelmeier 2002 Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses Psychological Bulletin 128 3 72
42. W Pavot E Diener E Suh 1998 The Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale Journal of Personality Assessment 70 340 354 (Pubitemid 28347664)
43. Pennebaker, J. W. (1989). Confession, inhibition, and disease. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental and social psychology (pp. 211-244). San Diego: Academic Press.
44. JW Pennebaker SK Beall 1986 Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease Journal of Abnormal Psychology 95 3 274 281 (Pubitemid 17043226)
45. KG Rice JS Ashby RB Slaney 1998 Self-esteem as a mediator between perfectionism and depression: A structural equations analysis Journal of Counseling Psychology 45 304 314 (Pubitemid 128466993)
46. MF Scheier CS Carver 1985 Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies Health Psychology 4 219 247
47. R Shafran Z Cooper CG Fairburn 2002 Clinical perfectionism: A cognitive-behavioural analysis Behaviour Research and Therapy 40 773 791 (Pubitemid 34563228)
48. R Shafran W Mansell 2001 Perfectionism and psychopathology: A review of research and treatment Clinical Psychology Review 21 879 906 (Pubitemid 32722121)
49. AE Shealy JG Murphy B Borsari CJ Correia 2007 Predictors of motivation to change alcohol use among referred college students Addictive Behaviors 32 10 2358 2364 (Pubitemid 47198965)
50. PD Slade RG Owens 1998 A dual process model of perfectionism based on reinforcement theory Behavior Modification 22 372 390 (Pubitemid 28311979)
51. RB Slatcher JW Pennebaker 2006 How do I love thee? Let me count the words: The social effects of expressive writing Psychological Science 17 8 660 664 (Pubitemid 44179874)
52. CR Snyder 2000 The past and possible futures of hope Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 19 11 28
53. SM Stewart BD Kennard PWH Lee T Mayes C Hughes G Emslie 2005 Hopelessness and suicidal ideation among adolescents in two cultures Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46 4 364 372 (Pubitemid 40514956)
54. J Stoeber K Otto 2006 Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges Personality and Social Psychology Review 10 295 319
55. M Stroebe W Stroebe H Schut E Zech J van den Bout 2002 Does disclosure of emotions facilitate recovery from bereavement? Evidence from two prospective studies Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 1 169 178 (Pubitemid 34150984)
56. M Tamir MD Robinson 2007 The happy spotlight: Positive mood and selective attention to rewarding information Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 33 8 1124 1136
57. LA Terry-Short RG Owens PD Slade ME Dewey 1995 Positive and negative perfectionism Personality & Individual Differences 18 663 668
58. D Watson LA Clark A Tellegen 1988 Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 1063 1070