Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism: Developmental origins and association with depression proneness

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 921-935

  Enns, Murray W ^a   Cox, Brian J ^a   Clara, Ian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Depression; Development; Parental bonding; Perfectionism; Personality

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037137030     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00202-1     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Akaike, H. (1987). Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika, 52, 317-332.
2. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423.
3. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychiatry, 51, 1173-1182.
4. Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: clinical experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper and Row.
5. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100.
6. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, L. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
7. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
8. Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
9. Blatt, S. J. (1995). The destructiveness of perfectionism. Implications for the treatment of depression. American Psychologist, 50, 1003-1020.
10. Blatt, S. J., Quinlan, D. M., Pilkonis, P. A., & Shea, M. T. (1995). The impact of perfectionism and need for approval on the brief treatment of depression: the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program revisited. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 125-132.
11. Blatt, S. J., Wein, S. J., Chevron, E. S., & Quinlan, D. M. (1979). Parental representation and depression in normal young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 388-397.
12. Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Gotlib, I. H. (1993). Psychopathology and early experience: a reappraisal of retrospective reports. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 82-98.
13. Carter, J. D., Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., Luty, S. E., & Sullivan, P. F. (1999). Early parenting in depressed outpatients is associated with personality dysfunction and not with depression subtypes. Journal of Affective Disorders, 54, 29-37.
14. Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Clara, I. P. (submitted for publication). The multidimensional structure of perfectionism in clinically distressed and college student samples.
15. Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (in press). The nature and assessment of perfectionism: a critical analysis. In G. L. Flett, & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: theory, research and treatment. American Psychological Association.
16. Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (1999). Affective state dependence of perfectionism personality dimensions. Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Toronto (poster presentation).
17. Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., & Larsen, D. K. (2000). Perceptions of parental bonding and symptom severity in adults with depression: mediation by personality dimensions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 263-268.
18. Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119-126.
19. Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449-468.
20. Halverson, C. F. (1988). Remembering your parents: reflections on the retrospective method. Journal of Personality, 56, 435-443.
21. Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology, 15, 270-33.
22. Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: conceptualization, assessment and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470.
23. Hill, R. W., McIntire, K., & Bacharach, V. R. (1997). Perfectionism and the big five factors. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 257-270.
24. Hollender, M. H. (1965). Perfectionism. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 6, 94-103.
25. Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: examples for the chil-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consultingand Clinical Psychology, 65, 599-610.
26. Hoyle, R. H., & Smith, G. T. (1994). Formulating clinical research hypotheses as structural equation models: a conceptual overview. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 429-440.
27. Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1986). LISREL VI: analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables and least squares methods. Mooreswill, IN: Scientific Software.
28. Loehlin, J. C. (1987). Latent variable models. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
29. McCranie, E. W., & Bass, J. D. (1984). Childhood family antecedents of dependency and self-criticism: implications for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 3-8.
30. McNair, D., Lorr, M., & Droppleman, L. (1971). Profile of mood states. San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
31. McNair, D. M., Lorr, M., & Droppleman, L. F. (1981). POMS manual (2nd ed.). San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
32. Parker, G. (1989). The parental bonding instrument: psychometric properties reviewed. Psychiatric Developments, 4, 317-335.
33. Parker, G., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Greenwald, S., & Weissman, A. N. (1995). Low parental care as a risk factor to lifetime depression in a community sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 33, 173-180.
34. Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1-10.
35. Parker, W. D., & Stumpf, H. (1995). An examination of the multidimensional perfectionism scale with a sample of academically talented children. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 13, 372-383.
36. Quintana, S. M., & Maxwell, S. E. (1999). Implications of recent developments in structural equation modeling for counseling psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 27, 485-527.
37. Randolph, J. J., & Dykman, B. M. (1996). Assessment of critical parenting experiences: the critical parenting inventory . 76th annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, San Jose, California (paper presentation).
38. Randolph, J. J., & Dykman, B. M. (1998). Perceptions of parenting and depression-proneness in the o.spring: dysfunctional attitudes as a mediating mechanism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 377-400.
39. Rice, K. G., Ashby, J. S., & Preusser, K. J. (1996). Perfectionism, relationships with parents, and self-esteem. Individual Psychology, 52, 246-260.
40. Rice, K. G., & Mirzadeh, S. A. (2000). Perfectionism, attachment and adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psycholog y, 47, 238-250.
41. Saklofske, D. F., Kelly, I. W., & Janzen, B. L. (1995). Neuroticism, depression and depression-proneness. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 27-31.
42. Slaney, R. B., Ashby, J. S., & Trippi, J. (1995). Perfectionism: its measurement and career relevance. Journal of Career Assessment, 3, 279-297.
43. Sorotzkin, B. (1998). Understanding and treating perfectionism in religious adolescents. Psychotherapy, 35, 87-95.
44. Stumpf, H., & Parker, W. D. (2000). A hierarchical structural analysis of perfectionism and its relation to other personality characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 837-852.
45. Terry-Short, L. A., Owens, R. G., Slade, P. D., & Dewey, M. E. (1995). Positive and negative perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 663-668.
46. Weissman, A. N., & Beck, A. T. (1978). Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitude scale: a preliminary investigation. American Education Research Association, Toronto (paper presentation).
47. Whisman, M. A., & Kwon, P. (1992). Parental representations, cognitive distortions, and mild depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 557-568.
48. Whisman, M. A., & McGarvey, A. L. (1995). Attachment, depressotypic cognitions, and dysphoria. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 633-650.
49. Zemore, R. (1983). Development of a self-report measure of depression proneness. Psychological Reports, 52, 211-216.
50. Zemore, R., Fischer, D. G., Garratt, L. S., & Miller, C. (1990). The depression- proneness rating scale: reliability, validity, and factor structure. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, 9, 255-263.
51. Zemore, R., & Veikle, G. (1989). Cognitive styles and proneness to depressive symptoms in university women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 426-438.