Profile of cognitive problems in schizophrenia and implications for vocational functioning

Australian Occupational Therapy Journal

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 220-228

  Tan, Bhing Leet ^a,b  

^a INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (Singapore)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Attention; Cognition; Memory; Schizophrenia; Vocational rehabilitation

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGY; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SHORT TERM MEMORY; VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION;

ATTENTION; COGNITION; COGNITION DISORDERS; DECISION MAKING; HUMANS; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY; REHABILITATION, VOCATIONAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 67651156363     PISSN: 00450766     EISSN: 14401630     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2008.00759.x     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Adolphs, R. (2001). The neurobiology of social cognition. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 11, 231-239.
2. Allen, C. K., Earhart, C. A. & Blue, T. (1992). Occupational therapy treatment goals for the physically and cognitively disabled. Bethesda, Maryland: American Occupational Therapy Association.
3. Allen, H. A., Liddle, P. F. & Frith, C. D. (1993). Negative features, retrieval processes and verbal fluency in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 769-775.
4. Andreasen, N. C., Rezai, K., Alliger, R., Swayze, V. W., Falum, M., Kirchner, P. et al. (1992). Hypofrontality in neuroleptic-naive and chronic schizophrenia patients: Assessment with Xenon-133 single-photon emission computed tomography and the tower of London. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 943-958.
5. Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255, 556-559.
6. Baribeau-Braun, J., Picton, T. W. & Gosselin, J. Y. (1983). Schizophrenia: A neurophysiological evaluation of abnormal information processing. Science, 219, 874-876.
7. Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Bond, G. R., Xie, H., Dain, B. J. & Harrison, K. (1998). Job terminations among persons with severe mental illness participating in supported employment. Community Mental Health Journal, 34, 71-82.
8. Bell, M. D., Bryson, G. J., Greig, T. C., Fiszdon, J. M. & Wexler, B. E. (2005). Neurocognitive enchancement therapy with work therapy: Productivity outcomes at 6- and 12-months follow-ups. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 42, 829-838.
9. Bond, G. R. (2006). Supported Employment: Evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27, 345-359.
10. Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Rapp, C. A., Meisler, N., Lehman, A. F. et al. (2001). Implementing supported employment as an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Services, 52, 313-322.
11. Bryson, G. & Bell, M. (2003). Initial and final work performance in schizophrenia: Cognitive and symptom predictors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 87-92.
12. Calev, A. (1984a). Recall and recognition in chronic non-demented schizophrenics - Use of matched tasks. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 172-177.
13. Calev, A. (1984b). Recall and recognition in mildly disturbed schizophrenics - The use of matched tasks. Psychological Medicine, 14, 425-429.
14. 2O PET study during single-trial stroop task performance. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1670-1675.
15. Chan, R. C. K., Chen, E. Y. H., Cheung, E. F. C., Chen, R. Y. L. & Cheung, H. K. (2004). Problem-solving ability in chronic schizophrenia: A comparison study of patients with traumatic brain injury. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 254, 236-241.
16. Danion, J. M., Rizzo, L. & Bruant, A. (1999). Functional mechanisms underlying impaired recognition memory and conscious awareness in patients with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 639-644.
17. Dickinson, D., Bellack, A. S. & Gold, J. M. (2007). Social/ communication skills, cognition and vocational functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33, 1213-1220.
18. Dorio, J. (2004). Tying it all together - the PASS to success: A comprehensive look at promoting job retention for workers with psychiatric disabilities in a supported employment program. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28, 32-39.
19. Egeland, J., Rund, B. R., Sundet, K., Landrø, N. I., Asbjørnsen, A., Lund, A. et.al. (2003). Attention profile in schizophrenia compared with depression: Differential effects of processing speed, selective attention and vigilance. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108, 276-284.
20. Fleming-Ficek, S. K., Faustman, W. O., Moses, J. A. & Benton, A. L. (2000). Visual memory deficits in schizophrenia. Biology Psychiatry, 47, S43.
21. Fossey, E. & Urlic, K. (2001). Evaluating occupational performance using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS): A mental health practice perspective. Mental Health Special Interest Section Quarterly, 24, 1-4.
22. Fry, K. & O'Brien, L. (2002). Using the perceive, recall, plan and perform system to assess cognitive deficits in adults with traumatic brain injury: A case study. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 49, 182-187.
23. Goel, V. (2004). Logical reasoning deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 66, 87-88.
24. Goldstein, J. M., Goodman, J. M., Seidman, L. J., Kennedy, D. N., Makris, N., Lee, H. et al. (1999). Cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia identified by structural magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of General Psychiatry., 56, 537-547.
25. Hartman, M., Steketee, M. C., Silva, S., Lanning, K. & Andersson, C. (2003). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia: The role of working memory. Schizophrenia Research, 63, 201-217.
26. Hayes, R. L. & McGrath, J. J. (2007). Cognitive rehabilitation for people with schizophrenia and related conditions (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library (3) doi 10.1002/14651858.CD000968.
27. Heinrichs, R. W. & Zakzanis, K. K. (1998). Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of evidence. Neuropsychology, 12, 426-445.
28. Henry, S. & Goodman, C. (2007). Impairment in error monitoring predicts poor executive function in schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research, 94 (1-3), 156-163.
29. Hijman, R., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Gispen-de Wied, C. C., van Oel, C., Cahn, W., van der Linden, J. et al. (1998). Verbal and visual memory deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 29, 47.
30. Hitch, D., Hevern, T., Cole, M. & Ferry, C. (2007). A review of the selection for occupational therapy outcome measures in a community mental health rehabilitation setting. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 54, 221-224.
31. Hofer, A. & Weiss, E. M. (2002). Advances in the neuroimaging of cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 15, 3-7.
32. Hofer, A., Weiss, E. M., Golaszewski, S. M., Siedentopf, C. M., Brinkhoff, C., Kremser, C. et.al. (2003). An FMRI study of episodic encoding and recognition of words in patients with schizophrenia in remission. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 911-918.
33. Hogarty, G. E. & Flesher, S. (1999). Developmental theory for a cognitive enhancement therapy of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 677-692.
34. Hutton, S. B., Puri, B. K., Duncan, J., Robbins, T. W., Barnes, T. R. E. & Joyce, E. M. (1998). Executive function in first episode schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 28, 463-473.
35. Jaeger, J., Czbor, P. & Berns, S. M. (2003). Basic neuropsychological dimensions of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 65, 105-116.
36. Karlsgodt, K. H., Glahn, D. C., Van Erp, T. G., Therman, S., Huttunen, M., Manninen, M. et.al. (2006). The relationship between performance and fMRI signal during working memory in patients with schizophrenia, unaffected co-twins and control subjects. Schizophrenia Research, 89, 191-197.
37. Kenny, J. T. & Meltzer, H. Y. (1991). Attention and higher cortical functions in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 3, 269-275.
38. Kern, R. S., Green, M. F., Mintz, J. & Liberman, R. P. (2003). Does 'errorless learning' compensate for neurocognitive impairments in the work rehabilitation of persons with schizophrenia? Psychological Medicine, 33, 433-442.
39. Kern, R. S., Green, M. F., Mitchell, S., Kopelowicz, A., Mintz, J. & Liberman, R. P. (2005). Extensions of errorless learning for social problem-solving deficits in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 513-519.
40. Kern, R. S., Liberman, R. P., Kopelowicz, A., Mintz, J. & Green, M. F. (2002). Applications of errorless learning for improving work performance in persons with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1921-1926.
41. Krabbendam, L. & Aleman, A. (2003). Cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia: A quantitative analysis of controlled studies. Psychopharmacology, 169, 376-382.
42. Kurtz, M. M., Moberg, P. J., Gur, R. C. & Gur, R. E. (2001). Approaches to cognitive remediation of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia: A review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology Review, 11, 197-210.
43. Kurtz, M. M., Moberg, P. J., Swanson, C. L., Gur, R. C. & Gur, R. E. (2001). Effectiveness of an attention- and memory-training program on neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 15, 75-80.
44. Lancaster, R. S. (2004). Predicting work performance in schizophrenia: The role of clinical symptoms, neurocognition, emotion perception and coping. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University.
45. Liberman, R. P., Wallace, C. J. & Hassell, J. (2004). Predicting readiness and responsiveness to skills training: The Micro-Module Learning Test. Psychiatric Services, 55, 764-766.
46. Liu, S. K., Chiu, C.-H., Chang, C.-J., Hwang, T.-J., Hwu, H.-G. & Chen, W. J. (2002). Deficits in sustained attention in schizophrenia and affective disorders: Stable versus state-dependent markers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 975-982.
47. Lysaker, P. H., Bell, M. D. & Goulet, J. L. (1995). The Wisconsin Card Sort Test and work performance in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 11, 45-51.
48. MacDonald-Wilson, K., Rogers, E. S. & Anthony, W. A. (2001). Unique issues in assessing work function among individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 11, 217-231.
49. Marder, S. R. & Fenton, W. (2004). Measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia: NIMH MATRICS initiative to support the development of agents for improving cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 72, 5-9.
50. McGurk, S. R. & Meltzer, H. Y. (2000). The role of cognition in vocational functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 45, 175-184.
51. McGurk, S. R. & Mueser, K. T. (2003). Cognitive functioning and employment in severe mental illness. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 789-798.
52. McGurk, S. R. & Mueser, K. T. (2004). Cognitive functioning, symptoms, and work in supported employment: A review and heuristic model. Schizophrenia Research, 70, 147-173.
53. McGurk, S. R. & Mueser, K. T. (2006). Strategies for coping with cognitive impairments of clients in supported employment. Psychiatric Services, 57, 1421-1429.
54. McGurk, S. R., Mueser, K. T., Harvey, P. D., LaPuglia, R. & Marder, J. (2003). Cognitive and symptom predictors of work outcomes of clients with schizophrenia in supported employment. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1129-1135.
55. McGurk, S. R., Mueser, K. T. & Pascaris, A. (2005). Cognitive training and supported employment for persons with severe mental illness: One-year results from a randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31, 898-909.
56. McGurk, S. R., Twamley, E. W., Sitzer, D. I., McHugo, G. J. & Mueser, K. T. (2007). A Meta-analysis of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1791-1802.
57. Medalia, A., Dorn, H. & Watras-Gans, S. (2000). Treating problem-solving deficits on an acute care psychiatric inpatient unit. Psychiatry Research, 97, 79-88.
58. Mohamed, S., Paulsen, J. S., O'Leary, D., Andt, S. & Andreasen, N. (1999). Generalised cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, study of first-episode patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 749-754.
59. Mueser, K. T., Clark, R. E., Haines, M., Drake, R. E., McHugo, G. J., Bond, G. R. et al. (2004). The Hartford study of supported employment for persons with severe mental illness. Consulting Clinical Psychology, 72, 479-490.
60. Norman, R. M. G., Malla, A. K., Morrison-Stewart, S. L., Hilmes, E., Williamson, P. C., Thomas, J. et al. (1997). Neuropsychological correlates of syndromes in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 134-139.
61. Oltmanns, T. F., Ohayon, J. & Neale, J. M. (1978). Effect of anti-psychotic medication and diagnostic criteria on distractibility in schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 14, 81-91.
62. Ongur, D., Cullen, T. J., Wolf, D. H., Rohan, M., Barreira, P., Zalesak, M. et.al. (2006). The neural basis of relational memory deficits in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 356-365.
63. Pantelis, C., Barber, F. Z., Barnes, T. R. E., Nelson, H. E., Owen, A. M. & Robbins, T. W. (1999). A comparison of set shifting ability in patients with schizophrenia and frontal lobe damage. Schizophrenia Research, 37, 251-270.
64. Pantelis, C., Yucel, M., Wood, S. J., McGorry, P. D. & Velakoulis, D. (2003). Early and late neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia and their functional consequences. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 399-406.
65. Penn, D. L., Corrigan, P. W., Bentall, R. P., Racenstein, J. M. & Newman, L. (1997). Social cognition in schizophrenia. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 114-132.
66. Pfammatter, M., Junghan, U. M. & Brenner, H. D. (2006). Efficacy of psychological therapy in schizophrenia: Conclusions from meta-analyses. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32 (S1), S64-S80.
67. Pilling, S., Bebbington, P., Kupipers, E., Garety, P., Geddes, J., Matindale, B. et al. (2002). Psychological treatments in schizophrenia. II. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation. Psychological Medicine, 32, 783-791.
68. Pinkham, A. E., Penn, D. L., Perkins, D. O. & Lieberman, J. (2003). Implications for the neural basis of social cognition for the study of schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 815-824.
69. Ragland, J. D., Moelter, S. T., McGrath, C., Hill, S. K., Gur, R. E., Bilker, W. B. et al. (2003). Levels- of -processing effect on word recognition in schizophrenia. Biology Psychiatry, 54, 1154-1161.
70. Reed, R. A., Harrow, M., Herbener, E. S. & Martin, E. M. (2002). Executive function in schizophrenia: Is it linked to psychosis and poor life functioning. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 725-732.
71. Revheim, N. & Marcopulos, B. A. (2006). Group treatment approaches to address cognitive deficits. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 30, 38-45.
72. Riccio, D. C., Richardson, R. & Ebner, D. L. (1984). Memory retrieval deficits based upon altered contextual cues: A paradox. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 152-165.
73. Roder, V., Mueller, D. R., Mueser, K. T. & Brenner, H. D. (2006). Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) for schizophrenia: Is it effective? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32 (S1), S81-S93.
74. Rushe, T. M., Morris, R. G., Miotto, E. C., Feigenbaum, J. D., Woodruff, P. W. R. & Murray, R. M. (1999). Problem-solving and spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia and with focal frontal and temporal lobe lesions. Schizophrenia Research, 37, 21-33.
75. Schatz, J. (1998). Cognitive processing efficiency in schizophrenia: Generalized vs domain specific deficits. Schizophrenia Research, 30, 41-49.
76. Schneider, F., Gur, R. C., Koch, K. & Backes, V. (2006). Impairment in the specificity of emotion processing in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 442-447.
77. Secrest, L., Wood, A. E. & Tapp, A. (2000). A comparison of the Allen Cognitive Level Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in adults with schizophrenia. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54, 129-133.
78. Seidman, L. J., Lanca, M., Kremen, W. S., Faraone, S. V. & Tsuang, M. T. (2003). Organizational and visual memory deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar psychoses using the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure: Effects of duration of illness. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, 949-964.
79. Sergi, M. J., Kern, R. S., Mintz, J. & Green, M. F. (2005). Learning potential and the prediction of work skill acquisition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31, 67-72.
80. Sergi, M. J., Rassovsky, Y., Neuchterlein, K., H. & Green, M. F. (2006). Social perception as a mediator of the influence of early visual processing on functional status in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 448-454.
81. Sohlberg, M. M. & Mateer, C. A. (1986). Attention process training. Puyallup, Washington: Association for Neuropsychological Research and Development.
82. Sohlberg, M. M. & Mateer, C. A. (1989). Introduction to cognitive rehabilitation. New York: Guilford Press.
83. Sohlberg, M. M. & Mateer, C. A. (2001). Cognitive rehabilitation: An integrative neuropsychological approach (1st ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
84. Spaulding, W. D., Reed, D., Sullivan, M., Richardson, C. & Weiler, M. (1999). Effects of cognitive treatment in psychiatric rehabilitation. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 657-675.
85. Stamm, T. A., Cieza, A., Machold, K., Smolen, J. S. & Stucki, G. (2006). Exploration of the link between conceptual occupational therapy models and the international classification of functioning, disability and health. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 53, 9-17.
86. Tsang, H., Lam, P., Ng, B. & Leung, O. (2000). Predictors of employment outcome for people with psychiatric disabilities: A review of the literature since the mid '80s. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66, 19-31.
87. Twamley, E. W., Jeste, D. V. & Bellack, A. S. (2003). A review of cognitive training in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, 359-382.
88. Velligan, D. I., Kern, R. S. & Gold, J. M. (2006). Cognitive rehabilitation for schizophrenia and the putative role of motivation and expectancies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32, 474-485.
89. Wexler, B. E., Stevens, A. A., Bowers, A. A., Sernyak, M. J. & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1998). Word and tone working memory deficits in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 1093-1096.