Combined effects of organizational and professional identification on the reciprocity dynamic for professional employees

Academy of Management Journal

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 506-526

  Hekman, David ^a,d   Bigley, Gregory ^b,e   Steensma, H ^b,f   Hereford, James ^c,g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c CENTER FOR HEALTH STUDIES   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f NONE   (United States)

^g MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67650345766     PISSN: 00014273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5465/AMJ.2009.41330897     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Abbott, A. 1988. The system of professions: An essay on the division of expert labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2. Acute-Infarction-Ramipril-Efficacy-Study-Investigators. 1993. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet, 342: 821-828.
3. Adams, J. S. 1965. Inequity in social exchange. Advanced Experimental Social Psychology, 62: 335-343.
4. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
5. Aquino, K., & Douglas, S. 2003. Revenge attitudes and hierarchical status as moderators of the relation between identity threat and antisocial behavior in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90: 195-208.
6. Armeli, S., Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Lynch, P. 1998. Perceived organizational support and police performance: The moderating influence of socioemotional needs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 288-297.
7. Aselage, J., & Eisenberger, R. 2003. Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24: 491-509.
8. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. 1989. Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14: 20-39.
9. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. 1988. On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16: 74-94.
10. Bamber, E. M., & Iyer, V. M. 2002. Big 5 auditors' professional and organizational identification: Consistency or conflict? Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(2): 21-38.
11. Barley, S., & Orr, J. 1997. Between craft and science: Technical work in U.S. settings. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
12. Baumeister, R. F. 1999. Self-concept, self-esteem, and identity. In V. Derlega, B. Winstead, & W. Jones (Eds.), Personality: Contemporary theory and research (2nd ed.): 339-375. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
13. Beal, D. J., Ruscher, J. B., & Schnake, S. B. 2001. No benefit of the doubt: Intergroup bias in understanding causal explanation British Journal of Social Psychology, 40: 531-543.
14. Blau, P. M. 1964. Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
15. Bohnet, I., & Zeckhauser, R. 2004. Trust, risk and be- trayal. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 55: 467-484.
16. Bowen, H. P., & Wiersema, M. F. 1999. Matching method to paradigm in strategy research: Limitations of cross-sectional analysis and some methodological alternatives. Strategic Management Journal, 20: 625-636.
17. Brewer, M. B. 1979. Ingroup bias in the minimal inter-group situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86: 307-324.
18. Brewer, M. B. 2001. Ingroup identification and inter-group conflict: When does ingroup love become out-group hate? In R. Ashmore, L. Jussim, & D. Wilder (Eds.), Social identity, intergroup conflict and conflict reduction: 17-41. New York: Oxford University Press.
19. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. 1998. Intergroup relations. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology, vol. 2: 554-594. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
20. Brockner, J., Tyler, T., & Cooper-Schneider, R. 1992. The influence of prior commitment to an institution on reactions to perceived unfairness: The higher they are, the harder they fall. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37: 241-261.
21. Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntson, G. G. 1994. Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychological Bulletin, 115: 401-423.
22. Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Bemtson, G. G. 1997. Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1: 3-25.
23. Carmines, E., & McIver, J. 1981. Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. In G. Bohrnstedt & E. Borgatta (Eds.), Social measurement: Current issues: 65-115. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
24. Cartwright, D., & Zander, A. 1953. Group dynamics: Research and theory. Evanston, IL: Row Peterson.
25. Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., Witt, L. A., & Barrick, M. R. 2004. Interactive effects of personality and perceptions of the work situation on workplace deviance Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 599-609.
26. Coyle-Shapiro, J. A.-M., & Conway, N. 2005. Exchange relationships: Examining psychological contracts and perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90: 774-781.
27. Davidson, M., & Robinson, J. 2007. Safety of aggressive lipid management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 49: 1753-1762.
28. Dubois, R. W., Alexander, C. M., Wade, S., Mosso, A., Markson, L., Lu, J. D., Nag, S., & Berger, M. L. 2002. Growth in use of lipid lowering therapies: Are we targeting the right patients? American Journal of Managed Care, 8: 862-867.
29. Eagle, K. A., Sud, A., Fang, J., Kline-Rogers, E., Erickson, S., Armstrong, D., Rangarjan, K., & Otten, R. 2004. Why don't heart patients take their medicine? Paper presented at the Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology, New Orleans.
30. Ebrahim, S., Davey-Smith, G., McCabe, C., Payne, N., Pickin, M., Sheldon, T. A., Lampe, F., Sampson, F., Ward, S., & Wannamethee, G. 1999. What role for statins? A review and economic model. Health Technology Assessment, 3(19): 1-91.
31. Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. 2001. Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 42-51.
32. Eisenberger, R., Cotterell, N., & Marvel, J. 1987. Reciprocation ideology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53: 743-750.
33. Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. 1990. Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 51-59.
34. Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Huntington, S., & Sowa, D. 1986. Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 500-507.
35. Elangovan, A. R., & Shapiro, D. I. 1998. Betrayal of trust in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 23: 547-566.
36. Ellemers, N., DeGilders, D., & Haslam, S. A. 2004. Motivating individuals and groups at work: A social identity perspective on leadership and group performance. Academy of Management Review, 29: 459-478.
37. Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. 1997. Sticking together or falling apart: In-group identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72: 617-626.
38. Emerson, R. M. 1972. Exchange theory, part I: A psychological basis for social exchange. In J. Berger, M. Zelditch, & B. Anderson (Eds.), Sociological theories in progress, vol. 2: 38-57. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
39. Farh, J. L., Hackett, R. D., & Liang, J. 2007. Individual-level cultural values as moderators of perceived organizational support-employee outcomes relationships: Comparing the effects of power distance and traditionality. Academy of Management Journal, 50: 715-729.
40. Freidson, E. 2001. Professionalism: The third logic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
41. Gerstein, H. C., Yusuf, S., Mann, J. F. E., Hoogwerf, B., Zinman, B., Held, C., Fisher, M., Wolffenbuttel, B., Bosch, J., Richardson, L., Pogue, J., & Halle, J. P. 2000. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and mi- crovascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: Results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet, 355: 205-212.
42. Goldberg, L. R., Sweeney, D., Merenda, P. F., & Hughes, J. E. 1998. Demographic variables and personality: The effects of gender, age, education, and ethnic/ racial status on self-descriptions of personality attributes. Personality and Individual Differences, 24: 393-403.
43. Golden, B. R., Dukerich, J. M., & Fabian, F. H. 2000. The interpretation and allocation of resource allocation issues in professional organizations: A critical examination of the professional-manager dichotomy. Journal of Management Studies, 37: 1157-1188.
44. Gouldner, A. W. 1957. Cosmopolitans and locals: Toward an analysis of latent social roles I. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2: 281-306.
45. Gouldner, A. W. 1960. The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25: 161-178.
46. Gray, J. A. 1994. Personality dimensions and emotion systems. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions: 329-331. New York: Oxford University Press.
47. Gregory, C. A. 1982. Gifts and commodities. London: Academic Press.
48. Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A., & Elron, E. 1994. Expatriate managers and the psychological contract. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79: 617-626.
49. Halbesleben, J. R. B. 2006. Patient reciprocity and physician burnout: What do patients bring to the patientphysician relationship? Health Services Management Research, 19: 215-222.
50. Hatfield, E., Utne, M. K., & Traupmann, J. 1979. Equity theory and intimate relationships. In R. L. Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships: 99-133. New York: Academic Press.
51. Heart-Protection-Study-Collaborative-Group. 2002. MRC/ BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 360: 7-22.
52. Heidenreich, P. A. 2004. Patient adherence: the next frontier in quality improvement. American Journal of Medicine, 117: 130-132
53. Hitinder, S. G., & Hoogwerf, B. 2003. The heart protection study: High-risk patients benefit from statins, regardless of LDL-C level. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 70: 991-997.
54. Hoff, T. J. 1999. The social organization of physicianmanagers in a changing HMO. Work and Occupations, 26: 324-351.
55. Hornsey, M. J., & Imani, A. 2004. Criticizing groups from the inside and the outside: An identity perspective on the intergroup sensitivity effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30: 365-383.
56. Hornsey, M. J., Oppes, T., & Svensson, A. 2002. It's OK if we say it, but you can't: Responses to intergroup and intragroup criticism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32: 293-307.
57. Hornsey, M. J., Trembath, M., & Gunthorpe, S. 2004. You can criticize because you care: Identity attachment, constructiveness, and the intergroup sensitivity effect. European Journal of Personality, 34: 499-518.
58. Hsaio, W. C., Braun, P., Becker, E. R., & Thomas, S. R. 1988a. The resource-based relative value system. Journal of the American Medical Association, 258: 799-802.
59. Hsaio, W. C., Braun, R., Dunn, D., & Becker, E. R. 1988b. Resource-based relative values: An overview. Journal of the American Medical Association, 260: 2347-2353.
60. Jetten, J., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. 1996. Inter-group norms and intergroup discrimination: Distinctive self-categorization and social identity effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71: 1222-1233.
61. Johnson, M. D., Morgeson, F. P., Ilgen, D. R., Meyer, C. J., & Lloyd, J. W. 2006. Multiple professional identities: Examining differences in identification across work-related targets Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 498-506.
62. Kerr, E. A., McGlynn, E. A., Adams, J., Keesey, J., & Asch, S. M. 2004. Profiling the quality of care in communities: Results from the Community Quality Index Study. Health Affairs, 23: 247-256.
63. Kletke, P. R., Emmons, D. W., & Gillis, K. D. 1996. Current trends in physicians' practice arrangements. From owners to employees. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276: 555-560.
64. Koehler, J. J., & Gershoff, A. D. 2003. Betrayal aversion: When agents of protection become agents of harm. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 90: 244-261.
65. Kramer, R. M., Brewer, M. B., & Hanna, B. A. 1996. Collective trust and collective action: The decision to trust as a social decision. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research: 357-389. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
66. Kramer, R. M., & Goldman, L. 1995. Helping the group or helping yourself? Social motives and group identity in resource dilemmas. In D. A. Schroeder (Ed.), Social dilemmas: Perspectives on individuals and groups: 49-68. London: Praeger.
67. Kreiner, G. E., Hollensbe, E. C., & Sheep, M. L. 2006. Where is the "me" among the "we"? Identity work and the search for optimal balance. Academy of Management Journal, 49: 1031-1057.
68. LaRosa, J. C., He, J., & Vupputuri, S. 1999. Effect of statins on risk of coronary disease: A meta-analysis of ran- domized controlled trials. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282: 2340-2346.
69. Lynch, P. D., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. 1999. Perceived organizational support: Inferior-versus-supe-rior performance by wary employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84: 467-483.
70. Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. 1992. Alumni and their alma maters: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13: 103-123.
71. Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. 1991. A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1: 61-89.
72. Mintzberg, H. 1977. Policy as a field of management theory. Academy of Management Review, 2: 88-103.
73. Mitchell, M. S., & Ambrose, M. L. 2007. Abusive supervision and workplace deviance and the moderating effects of negative reciprocity beliefs Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1159-1168.
74. Molm, L. D., Schaefer, D. R., & Collett, J. L. 2007. The value of reciprocity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 70: 199-217.
75. Morrison, E. W., & Robinson, S. L. 1997. When employees feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22: 226-256.
76. Ozyurt, A., Hayran, O., & Sur, H. 2006. Predictors of burnout and job satisfaction among Turkish physicians. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 99: 161-169.
77. Parry, J. 1986. The gift, the Indian gift and the "Indian gift." Management Communication Quarterly, 21: 453-473.
78. Perdue, C. W., Dovidio, J. F., Gurtman, M. B., & Tyler, R. B. 1990. Us and them: Social categorization and the process of intergroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59: 475-486.
79. Pratt, M. G., & Doucet, L. 2000. Ambivalent feelings in organizational relationships. In S. Fineman (Ed.), Emotion in organizations (2nd ed.): 204-226. London: Sage.
80. Pratt, M. G., & Foreman, P. O. 2000. Classifying managerial responses to multiple organizational identities. Academy of Management Review, 25: 18-42.
81. Pratt, M. G., Rockmann, K., & Kaufmann, J. B. 2006. Constructing professional identity: The role of work and identity learning cycles in the customization of identity among medical residents. Academy Management Journal, 49: 235-262.
82. Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. 2002. Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 698-714.
83. Riketta, M. 2005. Organizational identification: A meta- analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66: 358-384.
84. Roberts, C. A., & Aruguete, M. S. 2000. Task and socioemotional behaviors of physicians: A test of reciprocity and social interaction theories in analogue physician-patient encounters. Social Science and Medicine 50: 309-315.
85. Robinson, S. L. 1996. Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 574-599.
86. Robinson, S. L., Kraatz, M., & Rousseau, D. M. 1994. Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A longitudinal study. Academy of Management Journal, 37: 137-152.
87. Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. 2000. The development of psychological contract breach and violation: A longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21: 525-546.
88. OO Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. 1994. Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception, but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15: 245-259.
89. Rousseau, D. M. 1995. Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
90. Sahlins, M. D. 1972. Stone age economics. New York: Aldine.
91. Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N., & Liden, R. C. 1996. Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader member exchange, and employee reciprocity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 219-227.
92. Sluss, D., & Ashforth, B. 2007. Relational identity and identification: Defining ourselves through work relationships. Academy of Management Review, 32: 9-32.
93. Sorensen, J. E., & Sorensen, T. L. 1974. The conflict of professionals in bureaucratic organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19: 98-106.
94. Starr, P. 1982. The social transformation of American medicine. New York: Basic Books.
95. Sutton, R. M., Elder, T. J., & Douglas, K. M. 2006. Reactions to internal and external criticism of outgroups: Social convention in the intergroup sensitivity effect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32: 563-575.
96. Swann, W. B., & Ely, R. J. 1984. A battle of wills: Self-verification versus behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46: 1287-1302.
97. Swann, W. B., Polzer, J. T., Seyle, D. C., & Ko, S. J. 2004. Finding value in diversity: Verification of personal and social self-views in diverse groups. Academy of Management Review, 29: 9-27.
98. Tekleab, A. G., Takeuchi, R., & Taylor, M. S. 2005. Ex- tending the chain of relationships among organizational justice, social exchange, and employee reactions: The role of contract violations. Academy Management Journal, 48: 146-157.
99. Templeton, L., Deehan, A., Taylor, C., Drummond, C., & Strang, J. 1997. Surveying general practitioners: Does a low response rate matter? British Journal of General Practice, 47: 91-94.
100. Turner, J. C. 1984. Social identification and psychological group formation. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), The social dimension: European developments in social psychology, vol. 2: 518-538. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
101. Turner, J. C. 1991. Social influence. Milton Keynes, U.K.: Open University Press.
102. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. 1987. Rediscovering the social group. Oxford, U.K.: Basil Blackwell.
103. Turnley, W. H., & Feldman, D. C. 1999. The impact of psychological contract violations on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Human Relations, 52: 895-922.
104. Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. 2003. The group engagement model: Procedural justice, social identity, and cooperative behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7: 349-361.
105. Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (Eds.). 1992. A relational model of authority in groups, vol. 25: 115-192. New York: Academic.
106. van Dick, R., Christ, O., Stellmacher, J., Wagner, U., Ahlswede, O., Grubba, C., Hauptmeier, M., Hohfeld, C., Moltzen, K., & Tissington, P. A. 2004. Should I stay or should I go? Explaining turnover intentions with organizational identification and job satisfaction. British Journal of Management, 15: 351-360.
107. Van Maanen, J., & Barley, S. 1984. Occupational communities: Culture and control in organizations. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, vol. 6: 287-365. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
108. Wang, L., & Pratt, M. G. 2007. An identity-based view of ambivalence and its management in organizations. In N. Ashkanasy & C. Cooper (Eds.), Research companions to emotion in organizations, 589-604. Boston: Elgar.
109. Ward, M. M., Yankey, J. W., Vaughn, T. E., & Boots-Miller, B. J. 2004. Physician process and patient outcome measures for diabetes care: Relationships to organizational characteristics. Organized Medical Care, 42: 840-847.
110. Willerson, J. T., & Cohn, J. N. (Eds.). 2000. Cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone.
111. Wright, T. A., & Bonett, D. G. 2002. The moderating effects of employee tenure on the relation between organizational commitment and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 1183-1190.
112. Yeo, W. W., & Yeo, K. R. 2000. Workload implications and cost of statin treatment in the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease. British Journal of Cardiology, Supplement 14: S11-S18.
113. Yusuf, S., Sleight, P., Pogue, J., Bosch, J., Davies, R., & Dagenais, G. 2000. Effects of an angiotensin-convert-ing-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. New England Journal of Medicine, 342: 145-153.