Predicting sexual assault prosecution outcomes: The role of medical forensic evidence collected by sexual assault nurse examiners

Criminal Justice and Behavior

Volumn 36, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 712-727

  Campbell, Rebecca ^a   Patterson, Debra ^b   Bybee, Deborah ^a   Dworkin, Emily R ^c  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c National Sexual Violence Resource Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Case outcomes; Police reporting; Prosecution; Rape; Sexual assault; Sexual assault nurse examiner program

Indexed keywords

EID: 67650305178     PISSN: 00938548     EISSN: 15523594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0093854809335054     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Aiken, M.M., & Speck, P.M. (1995). Sexual assault and multiple trauma: A sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) challenge. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 2, 466-468.
2. Bachman, R. (1998). The factors related to rape reporting behavior and arrest: New evidence from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 25, 8-29.
3. Bouffard, J. (2000). Predicting type of sexual assault case closure from victim, suspect and case characteristics. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 527-542.
4. Bradmiller, L.L., & Walters, W.S. (1985). Seriousness of sexual assault charges: Influence factors. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 12, 463-484.
5. Campbell, R. (1998). The community response to rape: Victims' experiences with the legal, medical and mental health systems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 355-379.
6. Campbell, R. (2008a). Multidisciplinary responses to sexual violence crimes: A review of the impact of SANE and SARTs on criminal prosecution. Paper presented at the National Institute of Justice Sexual Violence Research Workshop, Washington, DC.
7. Campbell, R. (2008b). The psychological impact of rape victims' experiences with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. American Psychologist, 68, 702-717.
8. Campbell, R., Bybee, D., Ford, J.K., Patterson, D., & Ferrell, J. (2009). A systems change analysis of SANE programs: Identifying the mediating mechanisms of criminal justice system impact. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
9. Campbell, R., & Johnson, C.R. (1997). Police officers' perceptions of rape: Is there consistency between state law and individual beliefs? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12, 255-274.
10. Campbell, R., Patterson, D., & Lichty, L.F. (2005). The effectiveness of sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) program: A review of psychological, medical, legal, and community outcomes. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse: A Review Journal, 6, 313-329.
11. Campbell, R., Townsend, S.M., Long, S.M., Kinnison, K.E., Pulley, E.M., Adames, S.B., et al. (2005). Organizational characteristics of sexual assault nurse examiner programs: Results from the national survey of SANE programs. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 1, 57-64.
12. Campbell, R., Wasco, S.M., Ahrens, C.E., Sefl, T., & Barnes, H.E. (2001). Preventing the second rape: Rape survivors' experiences with community service providers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 1239-1259.
13. Chandler, S.M., & Torney, M. (1981). The decisions and the processing of rape victims through the criminal justice system. California Sociologist, 4, 155-169.
14. Chappell, D., Geis, R., & Geis, G. (1977). Forcible rape: The crime, the victim, and the offender. New York: Columbia University Press.
15. Crandall, C., & Helitzer, D. (2003). Impact evaluation of a sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) program (NIJ Document No. 203276). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
16. Eitle, D., Stolzenberg, L., & D'Alessio, S.J. (2005). Police organizational factors, the racial composition of the police, and the probability of arrest. Justice Quarterly, 22, 30-57.
17. Estrich, S. (1987). Real rape. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
18. Feild, H. (1978). Attitudes toward rape: A comparative analysis of police, rapists, crisis counselors, and citizens. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 156-179.
19. Feild, H., & Bienen, L. (1980). Jurors and rape: A study in psychology and law. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
20. Frazier, P., & Haney, B. (1996). Sexual assault cases in the legal system: Police, prosecutor and victim perspectives. Law and Human Behavior, 20, 607-628.
21. Frohmann, L. (1997). Discrediting victims' allegations of sexual assault: Prosecutorial accounts of case rejections. Social Problems, 38, 213-226.
22. Frohmann, L. (1998a). Constituting power in sexual assault cases: Prosecutorial strategies for victim management. Social Problems, 45, 393-407.
23. Frohmann, L. (1998b). Convictability and discordant locales: Reproducing race, class, and gender ideologies in prosecutorial decision making. Law and Society Review, 31, 531-555.
24. Hosmer, D.W., & Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied logistic regression (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
25. Hutson, L.A. (2002). Development of sexual assault nurse examiner programs. Emergency Nursing, 37, 79-88.
26. International Association of Forensic Nurses. (2008). [Database]. Accessed May 9, 2008, at http://www.forensicnurse.org
27. Johnson, D., & Peterson, J. (2008). Forensic science evidence and sexual violence. Paper presented at the National Institute of Justice Sexual Violence Research Workshop. Washington, DC.
28. Kerstetter, W. (1990). Gateway to justice: Police and prosecutor response to sexual assault against women. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 81, 267-313.
29. Kingsnorth, R., MacIntosh, R., & Wentworth, J. (1999). Sexual assault: The role of prior relationship and victim characteristics in case processing. Justice Quarterly, 16, 275-302.
30. LaFree, G. (1981). Official reactions to social problems: Police decisions in sexual assault cases. Social Problems, 28, 582-594.
31. LaFree, G. (1989). Rape and criminal justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
32. Ledray, L. (1992). The sexual assault nurse clinician: A fifteen-year experience in Minneapolis. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 18, 217-222.
33. Ledray, L. (1997). SANE program staff: Selection, training, and salaries. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 23, 491-495.
34. Ledray, L. (1999). Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) development and operations guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime.
35. Ledray, L., & Simmelink, K. (1997). Efficacy of SANE evidence collection: A Minnesota study. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 23, 75-77.
36. Logan, T., Cole, J., & Capillo, A. (2007). Sexual assault nurse examiner program characteristics, barriers, and lessons learned. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 3, 24-34.
37. Martin, P.Y. (2005). Rape work: Victims, gender, and emotions in organization and community context. New York: Routledge.
38. Matoesian, G.M. (1993). Reproducing rape: Domination through talk in the courtroom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
39. Meier, K.J., & Crotty-Nicholson, J. (2006). Gender, representative bureaucracy, and law enforcement: The case of sexual assault. Public Administration Review, 66, 850-860.
40. National Sexual Violence Resource Center. (2006). Report on the national needs assessment of sexual assault response teams. Harrisburg, PA: Author.
41. Page, A.D. (2008). Gateway to reform? Policy implications of police officers' attitudes toward rape. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 44-58.
42. Reskin, B., & Visher, C. (1986). The impacts of evidence and extralegal factors in jurors' decisions. Law & Society Review, 20, 423-438.
43. Rose, V., & Randall, S. (1982). The impact of investigator perceptions of victim legitimacy on the processing of rape/sexual assault cases. Symbolic Interaction, 5, 23-36.
44. Russell, D.E.H. (1990). Rape in marriage (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
45. Salazar, L.F., Emshoff, J.G., Baker, C.K., & Crowley, T. (2007). Examining the behavior of a system: An outcome evaluation of a coordinated community response to domestic violence. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 631-641.
46. Sanday, P.R. (1990). Fraternity gang rape: Sex, brotherhood, and privilege on campus. New York: New York University Press.
47. Seneski, P. (1992). Multi-disciplinary program helps sexual assault victims. American College of Physician Executives, 417-418.
48. Sievers, V., Murphy, S., & Miller, J. (2003). Sexual assault evidence collection more accurate when completed by sexual assault nurse examiners: Colorado's experience. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 29, 511-514.
49. Smart, C. (1989). Feminism and the power of law. London: Routledge.
50. Spaulding, R., & Bigbee, P. (2001). Evidence recovery considerations in sexual assault investigations. In R. Hazelhood & A. Burgess (Eds.), Practical aspects of rape investigation: A multidisciplinary approach (3rd ed.). Washington DC: CRC Press.
51. Spears, J., & Spohn, C. (1997). The effect of evidence factors and victim characteristics on prosecutors' charging decisions in sexual assault cases. Justice Quarterly, 14, 501-524.
52. Spohn, C. (2008). The criminal justice system's response to sexual violence. Paper presented at the National Institute of Justice Sexual Violence Research Workshop, Washington, DC.
53. Spohn, C., Beichner, D., & Davis-Frenzel, E. (2001). Prosecutorial justifications for sexual assault case rejection: Guarding the gateway to justice. Social Problems, 48, 206-235.
54. Spohn, C., & Cederblom, J. (1991). Race and disparities in sentencing: A test of the liberation hypothesis. Justice Quarterly, 8, 305-327.
55. Spohn, C., & Holleran, D. (2001). Prosecuting sexual assault: A comparison of charging decisions in sexual assault cases involving strangers, acquaintances, and intimate partners. Justice Quarterly, 18, 651-688.
56. Spohn, C., & Homey, J. (1992). Rape law reform: A grassroots revolution and its impact. New York: Plenum.
57. Spohn, C., & Horney, J. (1993). Rape law reform and the effect of victim characteristics on case processing. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9, 383-409.
58. Spohn, C., & Spears, J. (1996). The effect of offender and victim characteristics on sexual assault case processing decisions. Justice Quarterly, 13, 649-679.
59. Stone, W.E., Henson, V.H., & McLaren, J.A. (2006). Law enforcement perceptions of sexual assault nurses in Texas. Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, 3, 103-126.
60. Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2006). Extent, nature, and consequences of rape victimization: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey (NIJ No. 210346). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
61. U.S. Department of Justice. (2006). National training standards for sexual assault medical forensic examiners. Washington, DC: Author.