Cross-cultural differences versus universality in cognitive dissonance. A conceptual reanalysis

Handbook of Motivation and Cognition Across Cultures

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 297-314

  Gawronski, Bertram ^a   Peters, Kurt R ^a   Strack, Fritz ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649846446     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-373694-9.00013-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (60)

1. Aronson E. Dissonance theory: Progress and problems. Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook 1968, 5-27. Rand-McNally, Skokie, IL. R.P. Abelson, E. Aronson, W.J. McGuire, T.M. Newcombe, M.J. Rosenberg, P.H. Tannenbaum (Eds.).
2. Aronson E. The theory of cognitive dissonance: The evolution and vicissitudes of an idea. The message of social psychology 1997, 20-35. Blackwell, Cambridge, MA. C. McGarty, S.A. Haslam (Eds.).
3. Brehm J.W. Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 1956, 52:384-389.
4. Bosson J.K., Swann W.B., Pennebaker J.W. Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:631-643.
5. Choi I., Nisbett R.E., Norenzayan A. Causal attribution across cultures: Variation and universality. Psychological Bulletin 1999, 125:47-63.
6. Cooper J., Fazio R.H. A new look at dissonance theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 17 1984, 229-266. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. L. Berkowitz (Ed.).
7. Croyle R.T., Cooper J. Dissonance arousal: Physiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1983, 45:782-791.
8. Deutsch R., Gawronski B., Strack F. At the boundaries of automaticity: Negation as reflective operation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 91:385-405.
9. Elliot A.J., Devine P.G. On the motivational nature of cognitive dissonance: Dissonance as psychological discomfort. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994, 67:382-394.
10. Festinger L. A theory of cognitive dissonance 1957, Row Peterson, Evanston, IL.
11. Festinger L., Carlsmith J.M. Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 1959, 58:203-210.
12. Fried C.B., Aronson E. Hypocrisy, misattribution, and dissonance reduction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1995, 21:925-933.
13. Gawronski B., Bodenhausen G.V. Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of explicit and implicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin 2006, 132:692-731.
14. Gawronski B., Bodenhausen G.V. Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: Conceptual, empirical, and meta-theoretical issues. Reply to Albarracín, Hart, and McCulloch (2006), Kruglanski and Dechesne (2006), and Petty and Briñol (2006). Psychological Bulletin 2006, 132:745-750.
15. Gawronski B., Bodenhausen G.V., Becker A.P. I like it, because I like myself: Associative self-anchoring and post-decisional change of implicit evaluations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2007, 43:221-232.
16. Gawronski B., Strack F. On the propositional nature of cognitive consistency: Dissonance changes explicit, but not implicit attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2004, 40:535-542.
17. Gawronski, B., Strack, F., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (in press-a). Attitudes and cognitive consistency: The role of associative and propositional processes. In: R. E. Petty, R. H. Fazio & P. Briñol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
18. Gawronski, B., Peters, K. P., Brochu, P. M., & Strack, F. (in press-b). Understanding the relations between different forms of racial prejudice: A cognitive consistency perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
19. Gilbert D.T. How mental systems believe. American Psychologist 1991, 46:107-119.
20. Gosling P., Denizeau M., Oberlé D. Denial of responsibility: A new mode of dissonance reduction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 90:722-733.
21. Greenwald A.G., Farnham S.D. Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:1022-1038.
22. Greenwald A.G., McGhee D.E., Schwartz J.K.L. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 74:1464-1480.
23. Greenwald A.G., Ronis D.L. Twenty years of cognitive dissonance: Case study of the evolution of a theory. Psychological Review 1978, 85:53-57.
24. Harmon-Jones E. Cognitive dissonance and experienced negative affect: Evidence that dissonance increases experienced negative affect even in the absence of aversive consequences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2000, 26:1490-1501.
25. Harmon-Jones E., Brehm J., Greenberg J., Simon L., Nelson D.E. Evidence that the production of aversive consequences is not necessary to create cognitive dissonance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 70:5-16.
26. Harmon-Jones E., Harmon-Jones C. Testing the action-based model of cognitive dissonance: The effect of action orientation on postdecisional attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2002, 28:711-723.
27. Heine S.J., Lehman D.R. Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1997, 23:389-400.
28. Hiniker P.J. Chinese reactions to forced compliance: Dissonance reduction or national character. Journal of Social Psychology 1969, 77:157-176.
29. Hirose Y., Kitada T. Actors' and observers' attributions responsibility and attitude change in the forced compliance situation. Japanese Journal of Psychology 1985, 56:262-268.
30. Hoshino-Browne E., Zanna A.S., Spencer S.J., Zanna M.P., Kitayama S., Lackenbauer S. On the cultural guises of cognitive dissonance: The case of Easterners and Westerners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2005, 89:294-310.
31. James W. The principles of psychology 1890, Vol. II. Henry Holt & Co, New York.
32. Jones E.E., Gerard H.B. Foundations of social psychology 1967, Wiley, New York.
33. Kitayama S., Snibbe A.C., Markus H.R., Suzuki T. Is there any "free" choice: Self and dissonance in two cultures. Psychological Science 2004, 15:527-533.
34. Koole S.L., Dijksterhuis A., Van Knippenberg A. What's in a name: Implicit self-esteem and the automatic self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 80:669-685.
35. Kruglanski A.W. Lay epistemics and human knowledge: Cognitive and motivational bases 1989, Plenum Press, New York.
36. Kudo T., Mitsui H. The magnitude of incentive, timing, and attitude change. Japanese Psychological Review 1974, 17:384-402.
37. Lieberman M.D., Ochsner K.N., Gilbert D.T., Schacter D.L. Do amnesics exhibit cognitive dissonance reduction? The role of explicit memory and attention in attitude change. Psychological Science 2001, 12:135-140.
38. Losch M.E., Cacioppo J.T. Cognitive dissonance may enhance sympathetic tonus, but attitudes are changed to reduce negative affect rather than arousal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1990, 26:289-304.
39. Markus H., Kitayama S. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review 1991, 98:224-253.
40. McGregor I., Newby-Clark I.R., Zanna M.P. "Remembering" dissonance: Simultaneous accessibility of inconsistent cognitive elements moderates epistemic discomfort. Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology 1999, 325-353. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. E. Harmon-Jones, J. Mills (Eds.).
41. Miller J.G. Culture and the development of everyday social explanation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1984, 46:961-978.
42. Mondon K. Attitude change and attitude recall in a consonant or dissonant: An attempt to integrate cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory. Japanese Journal of Psychology 1980, 51:128-135.
43. Morris M.W., Peng K. Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994, 67:949-971.
44. Norenzayan A., Heine S.J. Psychological universals: What are they and how can we know?. Psychological Bulletin 2005, 763-784.
45. Peng K., Nisbett R.E. Culture, dialectics, and reasoning about contradiction. American Psychologist 1999, 54:741-754.
46. Quine W.V.O., Ullian J.S. The web of belief 1978, McGraw-Hill, New York. 2nd ed.
47. Sakai H. Induced compliance and opinion change. Japanese Psychological Research 1981, 23:1-8.
48. Sakai H. A multiplicative power-function model of cognitive dissonance: Toward an integrated theory of cognition, emotion, and behavior after Leon Festinger. Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology 1999, 267-294. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. E. Harmon-Jones, J. Mills (Eds.).
49. Schwarz, N. (2007). Attitude construction: Evaluation in context. Social Cognition, 25, 638-656.
50. Simon L., Greenberg J., Brehm J. Trivialization: The forgotten mode of dissonance reduction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1995, 68:247-260.
51. Stalder D.R., Baron R.S. Attributional complexity as a moderator of dissonance-produced attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 75:449-455.
52. Steele C.M., Liu T.J. Dissonance processes as self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1983, 45:5-19.
53. Steele C.M., Spencer S.J., Lynch M. Self-image resilience and dissonance: The role of affirmational resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, 64:885-896.
54. Stone J., Aronson E., Crain A.L., Winslow M.P., Fried C.B. Inducing hypocrisy as a means of encouraging young adults to use condoms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1994, 20:116-128.
55. Stone J., Cooper J. A self-standards model of cognitive dissonance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2001, 37:228-243.
56. Stone J., Cooper J. The effect of self-attribute relevance on how self-esteem moderates attitude change in dissonance processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2003, 37:228-243.
57. Stone J., Wiegand A.W., Cooper J., Aronson E. When exemplification fails: Hypocrisy and the motive for self-integrity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997, 72:54-65.
58. Strack F., Deutsch R. Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2004, 8:220-247.
59. Wilson T.D., Lindsey S., Schooler T.Y. A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review 2000, 107:101-126.
60. Zanna M.P., Cooper J. Dissonance and the pill: An attribution approach to studying the arousal properties of dissonance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1974, 29:703-709.