Impression cytology: Recent advances and applications in dry eye disease

Ocular Surface

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 93-110

  Lopin, Eli ^a   Deveney, Tatiana ^a   Asbell, Penny A ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical trials; Dry eye disease; Flow cytometry; Goblet cell density; Impression cytology; Keratoconjunctivitis sicca; Squamous metaplasia

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; ARTIFICIAL TEAR; BETA DEFENSIN; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE; CD40 ANTIGEN; CD45 ANTIGEN; CHONDROITIN SULFATE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN A; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 3; HLA DR ANTIGEN; HYALURONIC ACID; INTERLEUKIN 6; IODIDE; LINSEED OIL; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; RETINOIC ACID; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ARTICLE; BLEPHAROSPASM; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MARKER; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MONITORING; DRY EYE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMAN; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; IMPRESSION CYTOLOGY; INFLAMMATION; KERATITIS; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SJOEGREN SYNDROME; SQUAMOUS CELL METAPLASIA; CONJUNCTIVA DISEASE; CORNEA DISEASE; CYTOLOGY; GOBLET CELL; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW; VISUAL SYSTEM EXAMINATION;

CONJUNCTIVAL DISEASES; CORNEAL DISEASES; CYTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, OPHTHALMOLOGICAL; DRY EYE SYNDROMES; GOBLET CELLS; HUMANS;

EID: 67649560005     PISSN: 15420124     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1542-0124(12)70301-4     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Larmande A, Tismit E. [Importance of cytodiagnosis in ophthalmology: preliminary report of 8 cases of tumors of the sclero-corneal limbus.] Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1954;19:415-9. In French
2. Thatcher RW, Darougar S, Jones BR. Conjunctival impression cytology. Arch Ophthalmol 1977;95:678-81
3. Egbert PR, Lauber S, Maurice DM. A simple conjunctival biopsy. Am J Ophthalmol 1977;84:798-801
4. McKelvie R Ocular surface impression cytology. Adv Anat Pathol 2003;10:328-37
5. Calonge M, Diebold Y, Sáez V, et al. Impression cytology of the ocular surface: A review. Exp Eye Res 2004;78:457-72
6. Singh R Joseph A, Umapathy T, et al. Impression cytology of the ocular surface. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:1655-9
7. Dart J. Impression cytology of the ocular surface - research tool or routine clinical investigation? Br J Opthalmol 1997;81:984-88
8. McKelvie PA, Daniell M, McNab A, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva: A series of 26 cases. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:168-73
9. Yaǧmur M, Ersöz C, Ersöz TR, Varinli S. Brush technique in ocular surface cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 1997;17:88-91
10. Ersöz C, Yaǧmur M, Ersöz TR, Yalaz M. Preoperative brush and impression cytology in ocular surface squamous neoplasms. Acta Cytol 2003;47:13-5
11. Tseng SC. Staging of conjunctival squamous metaplasia by impression cytology. Ophthalmology 1985;92:728-33
12. Nelson JD. Impression cytology. Cornea 1988;7:71-81
13. Adams GG, Dilly PN, Kirkness CM. Monitoring ocular disease by impression cytology. Eye 1988;2(Pt5):506-16
14. Maskin SL, Bodé DD. Electron microscopy of impression-acquired conjunctival epithelial cells. Ophthalmology 1986;93:1518-2
15. Pastor SA, Shuster AR, Miller MM, Lam KW. Use of impression cytology to demonstrate a retrovirus in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. Cornea 1991;10:511-5
16. Baudouin C, Brignole F, Becquet F, et al. Flow cytometry in impression cytology specimens. A new method for evaluation of conjunctival inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:1458-64
17. Baudouin C, Haouat N, Brignole F, et al. Immunopathological findings in conjunctival cells using immunofluorescence staining of impression cytology specimens. Br J Ophthalmol 1992;76:545-9
18. Brignole-Baudouin F, Ott AC, Warnet JM, Baudouin C. Flow cytometry in conjunctival impression cytology: A new tool for exploring ocular surface pathologies. Exp Eye Res 2004;78:473-81
19. Givan A. Flow cytometry: First principles, 2002, ed 2
20. Jones DT, Monroy D, Ji Z, et al. Sjogren's syndrome: Cytokine and Epstein-Barr viral gene expression within the conjunctival epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:3493-504
21. Daya SM, Watson A, Sharpe JR, et al. Outcomes and DNA analysis of ex vivo expanded stem cell allograft for ocular surface reconstruction. Ophthalmology 2005;112:470-7
22. (No authors listed). Research in dry eye: Report of the Research Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop 2007). Ocul Surf 2007;5:179-93
23. Yoon KC, Jeong IY, Park YG, Yang SY Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome. Cornea 2007;26:431-7
24. Cejkova J, Ardan T, Zimonova Z, et al. Nitric oxide synthase induction and cytotoxic nitrogen-related oxidant formation in conjunctival epithelium of dry eye (Sjögren's syndrome). Nitric Oxide 2007;17:10-17
25. Solomon A, Dursun D, Liu Z, et al. Pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with dry-eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:2283-92
26. Pflugfelder SC, Jones D, Ji Z, et al. Altered cytokine balance in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with Sjogren syndrome keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Curr Eye Res 1999;19:201-21
27. Narayanan S, Miller W, McDermott A. Conjunctival cytokine expression in symptomatic moderate dry eye subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:2445-50
28. Baudouin C, Liang H, Bremond-Gignac D, et al. CCR4 and CCR5 expression in conjunctival specimens are differential markers of TH1/TH2 in ocular surface disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:614-9
29. Trinh L, Baudouin-Brignole F, Raphael M, et al. Th1 and Th2 responses on the ocular surface in uveitis identified by CCR4 and CCR5 conjunctiva expression. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 144:580-5
30. Gulati A, Sacchetti M, Bonini S, Dana R. Chemokine receptor CCR5 expression in conjunctival epithelium of patients with dry eye syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:710-6
31. Narayanan S, Miller W, McDermott A. Expression of human beta-defensins in conjunctival epithelium: Relevance to dry eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3795-801
32. Abedin A, Mohammed I, Hopkinson A, Dua H. A novel antimicrobial peptide on the ocular surface shows decreased expression in inflammation and infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:28-33
33. Brignole F, Pisella P-J, Goldschild M, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory markers in conjunctival epithelial cells of patients with dry eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:1356-63
34. Mrugacz M, Zywalewska N. [HLA-DR antigen expression on conjunctival epithelial cells in patients with dry eye.] Klin Oczna 2005;107:278-9. In Polish
35. Bourcier T, De Saint-Jean M, Brignole F, et al. Expression of CD40 and CD40 ligand in the human conjuntival epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:120-6
36. Cejkova J, Ardan T, Jirsova K, et al. The role of conjunctival epithelial cell xanthine oxioreductase/xanthine oxidase in oxidative reactions of the ocular surface of dry eye patients with Sjogren syndrome. Histol Histopathol 2008;22:997-1003
37. Cejkova J, Ardan T, Simonova C, et al. Decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes in the conjunctival epithelium of dry eye (Sjogren syndrome) and its possible contribution to the development of ocular surface oxidative injuries. Histol Histopathol 2008;23:1477-83
38. Knop E, Reale E. Fine structure and significance of snake-like chromatin in conjunctival epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:711-9
39. Jirsova K, Juklova K, Vesela V, Filipec M. Morphological and immuncytochemical characterization of snake-like chromatin cells. Histol Histopathol 2006;21:355-60
40. Jirsova K, Juklova K, Alfakih A, Filipec M. Presence of snake-like chromatin in epithelial cells of keratoconjunctivitis sicca followed by a large number of micronuclei. Acta Cytol 2007;51:541-6
41. Danjo Y, Watanabe H, Tisdale A, et al. Alteration of mucin in human conjunctival epithelia in dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998;39:2602-9
42. Yeo A, Carkeet A, Carney L, Yap M. Relationship between goblet cell density and tear function tests. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2003;23:87-94
43. Hayashi Y, Kao W, Kohno N, et al. Expression patterns of sialylated epitope recognized by KL-6 monoclonal antibody in ocular surface epithelium of normal and dry eye patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:2212-7
44. Caffery B, Joyce E, Heynen ML, et al. MUC16 expression in Sjogren syndrome, KCS, and control subjects. Mol Vis 2008;14:1547-55
45. Imbert Y, Jumblatt M, Foulks G, et al. Expression in human ocular surface tissues of the GalNAc-transferases that initiate mucin-type O-glycosylation. Cornea 2006;25:1193-9
46. Mantelli F, Schaffer L, Dana R, et al. Glycogene expression in conjunctiva of patients with dry eye:DOwnregulation of notch signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008
47. Liu Z, Carvajal M, Carraway CC, et al. Increased of the type 1 growth factor receptor family in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:472-80
48. Cennamo GL, Prete A, Forte R, et al. Impression cytology with scanning electron microscopy: A new method in the study of conjunctival microvilli. Eye 2008;22:138-43
49. Brignole F, Pisella PJ, De Saint Jean M, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory markers in KCS: 6-month treatment with topical cycosporin A. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:90-5
50. Galatoire O, Baudouin C, Pisella PJ, et al. [Flow cytometry in impression cytology during keratoconjuntivitis sicca: Effects of topical cyclosporine A on HLA-DR expression.] J Fr Ophthalmol 2003;26:337-43. In French
51. Pflugfelder SC, De Paiva CS, Villarreal AL, Stern ME. Effects of sequential artificial tear and cyclosporine emulsion therapy on conjunctival goblet cell density and transforming growth factor-beta2 production. Cornea 2008;27:64-9
52. Moon JW, Lee HJ, Shin KC, et al. Short term effects of topical cyclosporine and viscoelastic on the ocular surfaces in patients with dry eye. Korean J Ophthalmol 2007;21:189-94
53. Yoon KC, Heo H, Im SK, et al. Comparison of autologous serum and umbilical cord serum eye drops for dry eye syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;144:86-92
54. Tananuvat N, Daniell M, Sullivan LJ, et al. Controlled study of the use of autologous serum in dry eye patients. Cornea 2001;20:802-6
55. Yoon KC, Im SK, Park YG, et al. Application of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. Cornea 2006;25:268-72
56. Noble BA, Loh RS, MacLennan S, et al. Comparison of autologous serum eye drops with conventional therapy in a randomised controlled crossover trial for ocular surface disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:647-52
57. Alio JL, Colecha JR, Pastor S, et al. Symtomatic dry eye treatment with autologous platelet rich-plasma. Ophthalmic Res 2007;39:124-9
58. Albietz J, Bruce A. The conjunctival epithelium in dry eye subtypes: effect of preserved and non-preserved topical treatments. Curr Eye Res 2001;22:8-18
59. Xiong C, Chen D, Liu J, et al. A rabbit dry eye model induced by topical medication of a preservative benzalkonium chloride. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:1850-6
60. Aragona P, Papa V, Micali A, et al. Long term treatment with sodium hyaluronate-containing artifical tears reduces ocular surface damage in patients with dry eye. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:181-4
61. Aragona P, Stefano G, Ferreri F, et al. Sodium hyaluronate eye drops of different osmolarity for the treatment of dry eye in Sjogren syndrome patients. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:879-84
62. Bruix A, Adan A, Casaroli-Marano RP. [Efficacy of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in the treatment of dry eye syndrome.] Arch Soc Esp Opftalmol 2006;81:85-92. In Spanish
63. Grene RB, Lankston P, Mordaunt J, et al. Unpreserved carboxymetylcellulose artifical tears evaluated in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Cornea 1992;11:294-301
64. Lenton LM, Albietz JM. Effect of carmellose-based artificial tears on the ocular surface in eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Refract Surg 1999;15:S227-S231
65. Brignole F, Pisella PJ, Dupas B, et al. Efficacy and safety of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate in patients with moderate dry eye syndrome and superficial keratitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005;243:531-8
66. Blades KJ, Patel S, Aidoo KE. Oral antioxidant therapy for marginal dry eye. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001;55:589-97
67. Horwath-Winter J, Schmut O, Haller-Schober E-M, et al. Iodide iontophoresis as a treatment for dry eye syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:40-4
68. Pinheiro MN, dos Santos PM, dos Santos RC, et al. Oral flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) in the treatment for dry-eye Sjogren syndrome patients. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2007;70:649-55. In Portuguese
69. Coassin M, Lambiase A, Costa N, et al. Efficacy of topical nerve growth factor treatment in dogs affected by dry eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005; 243:151-5
70. Lee H, Ryu I, Seo K, et al. Topical 0.1% prednisolone lowers nerve growth factor expression in keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients. Ophthalmology 2006;113:198-205
71. Hong S, Kim T, Chung S, et al. Recurrence after topical nonpreserved methylprednisolone therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren syndrome. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2007;23:78-82
72. Avunduk AM, Avunduk MC, Varnell ED, Kaufman HE. The comparison of efficacies of topical corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops on dry eye patients: A clinical and immunocytochemical study. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;126:593-602
73. Tseng SC. Topical tretinoin treatment for severe dry-eye disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;15:860-6
74. Schilling H, Koch JM, Waubke TN, Frank B.[Treatment of the dry eye with vitamin A acid - an impression cytology controlled study.] Fortschr Ophthalmol 1989;86:530-4. In German
75. Driot JY, Bonne C. Beneficial effects of a retinoic acid analog, CBS-211 A, on an experimental model of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992;33:190-5
76. Spiera H, Asbell PA, Simpson DM. Botulinum toxin increases tearing in patients with Sjogren syndrome: A preliminary report. J Rheumatol 1997;24:1842-3
77. Horwath-Winter J, Bergloeff J, Floegel I, et al. Botulinum toxin A treatment in patients suffering from blepharospasm and dry eye. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:54-6
78. Guzey M, Ozardali I, Kilic A, et al. The treatment of severe trachomatous dry eye with canalicular silicone plugs. Eye 2001;15:297-303
79. Li XM, Zhang J, Wang W. [Application of lacrimal plug for dry eye patients.] Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Shi 2005;41:1098-1102. In Chinese
80. Dursun D, Ertan A, Bilezikci B, et al. Ocular surface changes in keratoconjunctivitis sicca with silicone punctum plug occlusion. Curr Eye Res 2003;26:263-9
81. Boldin I, Klein A, Haller-Schober EM, Horwath-Winter J. Long-term follow up of punctal and proximal canalicular stenoses after silicone punctal plug treatment in dry eye patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:968-72
82. Murube J, Murube E, ChenZhuo L, Rivas L. Subcutaneous abdominal artifical tears pump-reservoir for severe dry eye. Orbit 2003;22:29-40
83. Floegel I, Horwath-Winter J, Muellner K, Haller-Schober EM. A conservative blepharoplasty may be a means of alleviating dry eye symptoms. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2003;81:230-2
84. Toshida H, Nguyen D, Beuerman R, et al. Evaluation of novel dry eye model: Preganglionic parasympathetic denervation in rabbit. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:4468-75
85. Altinors D, Bozbeyoglu S, Karabay G, Akova YA.. Evaluation of ocular surface changes in a rabbit dry eye model using a modified impression cytology technique. Curr Eye Res 2007;32:301-7
86. Fujihara T, Murakami T, Nagano T, et al. INS365 suppresses loss of corenal epithelial integrity by secretion of mucin-ike glycoprotein in rabbit short-term dry eye model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2002;18:363-70
87. Dias AC, Modulo CM, Jorge AG, et al. Influence of thyroid hormone on thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 expression and lacrimal gland and ocular surface morphology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:3038-42
88. Sapci T, Gurdal C, Onmus H, et al. Diagnostic significance of impression cytology in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Am J Rhinol 1999;13:31-5
89. Onguchi T, Dogru M, Okada N, et al. The impact of the onset time of atopic keratoconjunctivitis on the tear function and ocular surface findings. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141:569-70
90. Chaves AP, Gomes JA, Hofling-Lima AL. [Ocular changes induced by chemotherapy.] Arg Bras Oftalmol 2007;70:718-25. In Portuguese
91. Bourcier T, Moldovan M, Goldschild M, et al. [Value of lacrymal IgE determination and conjunctival cytology in the diagnosis of chronic conjunctivitis.] J Fr Ophtalmol 1998;21:209-13. In French
92. Jacobi C, Wenkel H, Jacobi A, et al. Hepatitis C and ocular surface disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;144:705-11
93. Huang F-C, Shih M-H, Tseng S-H, et al. Tear function changes during interferon and ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Cornea 2005;24:561-6
94. Ozieblo-Kupczyk M, Sredzinska-Kita D, Kita K, Mrugacz M. [Impression cytology in patients with dry eye syndrome and various rheumatic diseases.] Klin Oczna 2006;108:420-3. In Polish
95. Jastaneiah S, Al-Raijhi A. Association of aniridia and dry eyes. Ophthalmology 2005;112:1535-40
96. Rivas L, Murube J, Rivas A, Murube E. [Impression cytology study of dry eyes in patients with congenital aniridia. ] Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2003;78:615-22. In Spanish
97. Mrugacz M, Kasacka I, Bakunowicz-Laraczyk A, et al. Impression cytology of the conjunctival epithelial cells in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eye 2008;22:1137-40
98. Mrugacz M, Zak J, Bakunowicz-Lazarczyk A, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of HLA-DR antigen in conjunctival epithelial cells of patients with cystic fibrosis. Eye 2007;21:1062-6
99. Seifart U, Strempel I. [The dry eye and diabetes mellitus.] Ophthalmologe 1994;91:235-9. In German
100. Goebbels M. Tear secretion and tear film function in insulin dependent diabetics. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:19-21
101. Jin J, Chen LH, Liu XL, et al. [Tear film function in non-insulin dependent diabetics.] Xhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2003;39:10-13. In Chinese
102. Filippello M, Cascone G, Zagami A, Scimone G. Impression cytology in Down's syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:683-5
103. Fei WL, Chen JQ, Du X, et al. [Dry eye in gralt-versus-host disease.] Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2003;39:686-90. In Chinese
104. Wang Y, Ogawa Y, Dogru M, et al. Ocular surface and tear functions after topical cyclosporine treatment in dry eye patients with chronic gralt-versus host disease. Bone Marrow Transpl 2008;41:293-302
105. Burtin T, Guepratte N, Bourges JL, et al. [Abnormalities of the ocular surface in patients with AIDS.] J Fr Ophtalmol 1998;21:637-42 In French
106. Qureshi S, Selva-Nayagam D, Crompton J. Hypovitaminosis A in metropolitan Adelaide. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2000;28:62-4
107. Farbos S, Resnikoff S, Peyramaure F, Castan R. [Xerophthalmia. identification of population at intermediate risk.] Sante 1995;5:159-61. In French
108. Wiedemann R, Reuter W, Meier T, Wiedemann P. [Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with lipoprotein (a) elevation.] Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1997;210:33-7. In German
109. Wenkel H, Rummelt V, Naumann GO. Long term results after autologous nasal mucosal transplantation in severe mucous deficiency syndromes. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:279-84
110. Cavusoglu T, Nurozler AB, Titiz C, et al. Tear function and ocular surface changes in multinodular goiter patients. Ophthalmogica 2007;221:264-8
111. Pisella PJ, Brignole F, Debbasch C, et al. Flow cytometric analysis ol conjunctival epithelium in ocular rosacea and keratconjunctivitis sicca. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1841-9
112. Doughty M, McIntosh M, McFadden S, Button N. Impression cytology of a case of conjunctival metaplasia associated with oral carbamazepine use? Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2007;30:254-7
113. Bonini S, Mantelli F, Moretti C, et al. Itchy-dry eye associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;143:763-71
114. Li XM, Hu L, Hu J, Wang W. Investigation of dry eye disease and analysis of the pathogenic factors in patients after cataract surgery. Cornea 2007;26:S16-S20
115. Rodriguez-Prats JL, Hamdi IM, Rodriguez AE, et al. Effect of suction ring application during LASIK on goblet cell density. J Refract Surg 2007;23:559-62
116. Dogru M, Karakaya H, Baykara M, et al. Tear function and ocular surface findings in premature and term babies. Ophthalmology 2004;111:901-5
117. Karabulut AA, Yalvac IS, Vahaboglu H, et al. Conjunctival impression cytology and tear-film changes in patients with psoriasis. Cornea 1999;18:544-8
118. Li M, Zhang M, Lin Y, et al. Tear function and goblet cell density alter pterygium excision. Eye 2007;21:224-8
119. Gurdal C, Aydin S, Onmus H, et al. Changes in the ocular surface: initial observations from a pilot study of diagnostic radiology technicians (radiographers). Eur Radiol 2002;12:1589-93
120. Westekemper H, Anastassiou G, Sauerwein W, et al. [Analysis of ocular surface alterations following proton beam radiation in eyes with conjunctival malignant melanoma.] Ophthalmologe 2006;103:588-95 In German
121. Aktas Z, Ozdek S, Asli Dinc U, et al. Alteration in ocular surface and corneal thickness in relation to metabolic control in patients with chronic renal lailure. Nephrology (Carlton) 2007;12:380-85
122. Strempel I, Gruber A, Bittner K. [The dry eye in kidney trans plant patients.] Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1989;195:141-4. In German
123. Heiligenhaus A, Wefelmeyer E, Schrenk M. [Tear-film deficiencies in patients with sarcoidosis; clinical study of 56 patients.] Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2002;219:502-6. In German
124. Versura P, Frigato M, Bernabini B, et al. [Ocular surface analysis in patients affected with rheumatic disease.] Reumatismo 2004;56:262-71. In Italian
125. Altinors D, Akca S, Akova Y, et al. Smoking associated with damage to the lipid layer of the ocular surface. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141:1016-21
126. Haller-Schober EM, Schwantzer G, Berghold A, et al. Evaluating an impression cytology grading system (IC score) in patients with dry eye syndrome. Eye 2006;20:927-33