메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 12, 2008, Pages

Blue jets and gigantic jets: Transient luminous events between thunderstorm tops and the lower ionosphere

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR PRESSURES; BLUE JETS; ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; FILAMENTARY PLASMA STRUCTURES; HIGH ALTITUDE; JET DISCHARGES; LIGHTNING LEADER; LOWER IONOSPHERE; MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES; PHYSICAL MECHANISM; TRANSIENT LUMINOUS EVENTS;

EID: 67649239091     PISSN: 07413335     EISSN: 13616587     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/50/12/124050     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (161)
  • 2
    • 0038079485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On sprites and their exotic kin
    • Neubert T 2003 On sprites and their exotic kin Science 300 747-9
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , Issue.5620 , pp. 747-749
    • Neubert, T.1
  • 3
    • 0038451480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electric jets
    • DOI 10.1038/423927a
    • Pasko V P 2003 Electric jets Nature 423 927-9 (Pubitemid 36806894)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , Issue.6943 , pp. 927-929
    • Pasko, V.P.1
  • 5
    • 0025658069 scopus 로고
    • Television image of a large upward electric discharge above a thunderstorm system
    • Franz R C, Nemzek R J and Winckler J R 1990 Television image of a large upward electric discharge above a thunderstorm system Science 249 48
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , Issue.4964 , pp. 48
    • Franz, R.C.1    Nemzek, R.J.2    Winckler, J.R.3
  • 8
    • 0030374347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sprite observations above the U.S. high plains in relation to their parent thunderstorm systems
    • Lyons W A 1996 Sprite observations above the U.S. high plains in relation to their parent thunderstorm systems J. Geophys. Res. 101 29641-52
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.D23 , pp. 29641-29652
    • Lyons, W.A.1
  • 13
    • 0031100872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid lateral expansion of optical luminosity in lightning-induced ionospheric flashes referred to as 'elves'
    • Inan U S, Barrington-Leigh C, Hansen S, Glukhov V S, Bell T F and Rairden R 1997 Rapid lateral expansion of optical luminosity in lightning-induced ionospheric flashes referred to as 'elves' Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 583-6 (Pubitemid 127548702)
    • (1997) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 583-586
    • Inan, U.S.1    Barrington-Leigh, C.2    Hansen, S.3    Glukhov, V.S.4    Bell, T.F.5    Rairden, R.6
  • 16
    • 0037075634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical discharge from a thundercloud top to the lower ionosphere
    • DOI 10.1038/416152a
    • Pasko V P, Stanley M A, Matthews J D, Inan U S and Wood T G 2002 Electrical discharge from a thundercloud top to the lower ionosphere Nature 416 152-4 (Pubitemid 34246468)
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , Issue.6877 , pp. 152-154
    • Pasko, V.P.1    Stanley, M.A.2    Mathews, J.D.3    Inan, U.S.4    Wood, T.G.5
  • 18
    • 67649149709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gigantic jet observation by the ISUAL payload of FORMOSAT-2 satellite
    • Hsu R R et al 2005 Gigantic jet observation by the ISUAL payload of FORMOSAT-2 satellite Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 86 (Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract AE23A-0992)
    • (2005) Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union , vol.86
    • Hsu, R.R.1    Al, E.2
  • 19
    • 67649175366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence conditions for gigantic jets connecting the thundercloud and the ionosphere
    • Fukunishi H, Hiraki Y, Adachi T, Tong L and Nanbu K 2005 Occurrence conditions for gigantic jets connecting the thundercloud and the ionosphere Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 86 (Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract AE11A-02)
    • (2005) Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union , vol.86
    • Fukunishi, H.1    Hiraki, Y.2    Adachi, T.3    Tong, L.4    Nanbu, K.5
  • 26
    • 67649181689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavner M J 2000 Optical spectroscopic observations of sprites, blue jets and elves: inferred microphysical processes and their macrophysical implications PhD Thesis University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
    • (2000) PhD Thesis
    • Heavner, M.J.1
  • 27
    • 0033247207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical mechanisms for the development of lightning discharges between a thundercloud and the ionosphere
    • Petrov N I and Petrova G N 1999 Physical mechanisms for the development of lightning discharges between a thundercloud and the ionosphere Tech. Phys. 44 472-5
    • (1999) Tech. Phys. , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 472-475
    • Petrov, N.I.1    Petrova, G.N.2
  • 28
    • 18844437545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streamers and diffuse glow observed in upper atmospheric electrical discharges
    • Gerken E A and Inan U S 2005 Streamers and diffuse glow observed in upper atmospheric electrical discharges IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 33 282-3
    • (2005) IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 282-283
    • Gerken, E.A.1    Inan, U.S.2
  • 32
    • 33947703182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red sprite discharges in the atmosphere at high altitude: The molecular physics and the similarity with laboratory discharges
    • Pasko V P 2007 Red sprite discharges in the atmosphere at high altitude: the molecular physics and the similarity with laboratory discharges Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 16 S13-S29
    • (2007) Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. , vol.16 , Issue.1
    • Pasko, V.P.1
  • 35
    • 35148896247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional fractal modeling of intracloud lightning discharge in a New Mexico thunderstorm and comparison with lightning mapping observations
    • Riousset J A, Pasko V P, Krehbiel P R, Thomas R J and Rison W 2007 Three-dimensional fractal modeling of intracloud lightning discharge in a New Mexico thunderstorm and comparison with lightning mapping observations J. Geophys. Res. 112 D15203
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112 , Issue.D15 , pp. 15203
    • Riousset, J.A.1    Pasko, V.P.2    Krehbiel, P.R.3    Thomas, R.J.4    Rison, W.5
  • 36
    • 33947624125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical modeling of sprites and jets
    • Pasko V P 2006 Theoretical modeling of sprites and jets Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges (NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry vol 225) ed Füllekrug M et al (Springer: Heidleberg) pp 253-311
    • (2006) Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges , vol.225 , pp. 253-311
    • Pasko, V.P.1    Füllekrug, M.2
  • 38
    • 41749111953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of photoionization on propagation and branching of positive and negative streamers in sprites
    • Liu N Y and Pasko V P 2004 Effects of photoionization on propagation and branching of positive and negative streamers in sprites J. Geophys. Res. 109 A04301
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , Issue.A4 , pp. 04301
    • Liu, N.Y.1    Pasko, V.P.2
  • 39
    • 36549103808 scopus 로고
    • Two-dimensional studies of streamers in gases
    • Dhali S K and Williams P F 1987 Two-dimensional studies of streamers in gases J. Appl. Phys. 62 4696-707
    • (1987) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.62 , Issue.12 , pp. 4696-4707
    • Dhali, S.K.1    Williams, P.F.2
  • 40
    • 0001176308 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of negative-streamer dynamics in nitrogen
    • Vitello P A, Penetrante B M and Bardsley J N 1994 Simulation of negative-streamer dynamics in nitrogen Phys. Rev. E 49 5574-98
    • (1994) Phys. Rev. , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 5574-5598
    • Vitello, P.A.1    Penetrante, B.M.2    Bardsley, J.N.3
  • 41
    • 41349096617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Branching of negative streamers in free flight
    • Rocco A, Ebert U and Hundsdorfer W 2002 Branching of negative streamers in free flight Phys. Rev. E 66 035102(R)
    • (2002) Phys. Rev. , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 035102
    • Rocco, A.1    Ebert, U.2    Hundsdorfer, W.3
  • 42
    • 0001232068 scopus 로고
    • The conditions required for the propagation of a cathode-directed positive streamer in air
    • Allen N L and Ghaffar A 1995 The conditions required for the propagation of a cathode-directed positive streamer in air J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 28 331-7
    • (1995) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 331-337
    • Allen, N.L.1    Ghaffar, A.2
  • 43
    • 0031121005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of positive and negative streamers in air in weak uniform electric fields
    • PII S0093381397027100
    • Babaeva N Y and Naidis G V 1997 Dynamics of positive and negative streamers in air in weak uniform electric fields IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 25 375-9 (Pubitemid 127767266)
    • (1997) IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 375-379
    • Babaeva, N.Y.1    Naidis, G.V.2
  • 48
    • 33846856023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circuit dependence of the diameter of pulsed positive streamers in air
    • DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/24/016, PII S0022372706290557, 016
    • Briels T M P, Kos J, van Veldhuizen E M and Ebert U 2006 Circuit dependence of the diameter of pulsed positive streamers in air J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 5201-10 (Pubitemid 46217502)
    • (2006) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , vol.39 , Issue.24 , pp. 5201-5210
    • Briels, T.M.P.1    Kos, J.2    Van Veldhuizen, E.M.3    Ebert, U.4
  • 49
    • 36849126372 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of spark discharge in air at atmospheric pressure
    • Loeb L B and Meek J M 1940 The mechanism of spark discharge in air at atmospheric pressure J. Appl. Phys. 11 438-47
    • (1940) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 438-447
    • Loeb, L.B.1    Meek, J.M.2
  • 51
    • 34547802322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient models for photoionization produced by non-thermal gas discharges in air based on radiative transfer and the Helmholtz equations
    • DOI 10.1088/0963-0252/16/3/026, PII S0963025207481014, 026
    • Bourdon A, Pasko V P, Liu N Y, Celestin S, Segur P and Marode E 2007 Efficient models for photoionization produced by non-thermal gas discharges in air based on radiative transfer and the Helmholtz equations Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 16 656-78 (Pubitemid 47241032)
    • (2007) Plasma Sources Science and Technology , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 656-678
    • Bourdon, A.1    Pasko, V.P.2    Liu, N.Y.3    Celestin, S.4    Segur, P.5    Marode, E.6
  • 52
    • 33750587897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of an improved Eddington approximation to facilitate the calculation of photoionization in streamer discharges
    • DOI 10.1088/0963-0252/15/4/009, PII S096302520623754X, 009
    • Segur P, Bourdon A, Marode E, Bessieres D and Paillol J H 2006 The use of an improved Eddington approximation to facilitate the calculation of photoionization in streamer discharges Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 15 648-60 (Pubitemid 44679410)
    • (2006) Plasma Sources Science and Technology , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 648-660
    • Segur, P.1    Bourdon, A.2    Marode, E.3    Bessieres, D.4    Paillol, J.H.5
  • 53
    • 33847179068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoionization in negative streamers: Fast computations and two propagation modes
    • Luque A, Ebert U, Montijn C and Hundsdorfer W 2007 Photoionization in negative streamers: fast computations and two propagation modes Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 081501
    • (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.90 , Issue.8 , pp. 081501
    • Luque, A.1    Ebert, U.2    Montijn, C.3    Hundsdorfer, W.4
  • 54
    • 36348945138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of photoionization models based on radiative transfer and the Helmholtz equations to studies of streamers in weak electric fields
    • Liu N Y, Celestin S, Bourdon A, Pasko V P, Segur P and Marode E 2007 Application of photoionization models based on radiative transfer and the Helmholtz equations to studies of streamers in weak electric fields Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 211501
    • (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.91 , Issue.21 , pp. 211501
    • Liu, N.Y.1    Celestin, S.2    Bourdon, A.3    Pasko, V.P.4    Segur, P.5    Marode, E.6
  • 55
    • 50249147971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoionization and optical emission effects of positive streamers in air at ground pressure
    • Liu N Y, Celestin S, Bourdon A, Pasko V P, Segur P and Marode E 2008 Photoionization and optical emission effects of positive streamers in air at ground pressure IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36 doi:10.1109/TPS.2008.927088
    • (2008) IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. , vol.36
    • Liu, N.Y.1    Celestin, S.2    Bourdon, A.3    Pasko, V.P.4    Segur, P.5    Marode, E.6
  • 57
    • 21344490185 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the electric field in the streamer zone and in the sheath of the channel of a leader discharge
    • Petrov N I, Avanskii V R and Bombenkova N V 1994 Measurement of the electric field in the streamer zone and in the sheath of the channel of a leader discharge Tech. Phys. 39 546-51
    • (1994) Tech. Phys. , vol.39 , pp. 546-551
    • Petrov, N.I.1    Avanskii, V.R.2    Bombenkova, N.V.3
  • 58
    • 21344486961 scopus 로고
    • Physical mechanisms for intracloud lightning discharges
    • Petrov N I and Petrova G N 1993 Physical mechanisms for intracloud lightning discharges Tech. Phys. 38 287-90
    • (1993) Tech. Phys. , vol.38 , pp. 287-290
    • Petrov, N.I.1    Petrova, G.N.2
  • 59
    • 0035363837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic radiation associated with lightning stepped-leaders
    • DOI 10.1029/2001GL013140
    • Moore C B, Eack K B, Aulich G D and Rison W 2001 Energetic radiation associated with lightning stepped-leaders Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 2141-4 (Pubitemid 32596223)
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 2141-2144
    • Moore, C.B.1    Eack, K.B.2    Aulich, G.D.3    Rison, W.4
  • 60
    • 20144387604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray bursts associated with leader steps in cloud-to-ground lightning
    • Dwyer J R et al 2005 X-ray bursts associated with leader steps in cloud-to-ground lightning Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 L01803
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 01803
    • Dwyer, J.R.1    Al, E.2
  • 61
    • 0028431016 scopus 로고
    • Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin
    • Fishman G J et al 1994 Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin Science 264 1313
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , Issue.5163 , pp. 1313
    • Fishman, G.J.1    Al, E.2
  • 62
    • 13844319483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes observed up to 20 MeV
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1107466
    • Smith D M, Lopez L I, Lin R P and Barrington-Leigh C P 2005 Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes observed up to 20 MeV Science 307 1085-8 (Pubitemid 40262109)
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , Issue.5712 , pp. 1085-1088
    • Smith, D.M.1    Lopez, L.I.2    Lin, R.P.3    Barrington-Leigh, C.P.4
  • 63
    • 33947588766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo model for analysis of thermal runaway electrons in streamer tips in transient luminous events and streamer zones of lightning leaders
    • Moss G D, Pasko V P, Liu N Y and Veronis G 2006 Monte Carlo model for analysis of thermal runaway electrons in streamer tips in transient luminous events and streamer zones of lightning leaders J. Geophys. Res. 111 A02307
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111 , Issue.A2 , pp. 02307
    • Moss, G.D.1    Pasko, V.P.2    Liu, N.Y.3    Veronis, G.4
  • 66
    • 0342903067 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological phenomena
    • Toynbee H and Mackenzie T 1886 Meteorological phenomena Nature 33 245
    • (1886) Nature , vol.33 , Issue.846 , pp. 245
    • Toynbee, H.1    MacKenzie, T.2
  • 67
    • 0037749181 scopus 로고
    • Rocket lightning
    • Everett W H 1903 Rocket lightning Nature 68 599
    • (1903) Nature , vol.68 , pp. 599
    • Everett, W.H.1
  • 68
    • 0038763488 scopus 로고
    • Progressive lightning
    • Boys C V 1926 Progressive lightning Nature 118 749-50
    • (1926) Nature , vol.118 , Issue.2977 , pp. 749-750
    • Boys, C.V.1
  • 69
    • 0343773843 scopus 로고
    • A thunderstorm in the tropics
    • Wright J B 1950 A thunderstorm in the tropics Weather 5 230
    • (1950) Weather , vol.5 , pp. 230
    • Wright, J.B.1
  • 70
    • 0006400691 scopus 로고
    • Unusual lightning
    • Wood C A 1951 Unusual lightning Weather 6 64
    • (1951) Weather , vol.6 , pp. 64
    • Wood, C.A.1
  • 71
    • 0345432890 scopus 로고
    • Unusual lightning
    • Ashmore S E 1950 Unusual lightning Weather 5 331
    • (1950) Weather , vol.5 , pp. 331
    • Ashmore, S.E.1
  • 72
    • 0000887910 scopus 로고
    • A theory of thundercloud electricity
    • Wilson C T R 1956 A theory of thundercloud electricity Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 236 297-317
    • (1956) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. , vol.236 , pp. 297-317
    • Wilson, C.T.R.1
  • 73
    • 0038576534 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-stratosphere lightning
    • Vonnegut B 1980 Cloud-to-stratosphere lightning Weather 35 59-60
    • (1980) Weather , vol.35 , pp. 59-60
    • Vonnegut, B.1
  • 74
    • 0006497761 scopus 로고
    • Lightning to the ionosphere?
    • Vaughan O H Jr and Vonnegut B 1982 Lightning to the ionosphere? Weatherwise 35 70-1
    • (1982) Weatherwise , vol.35 , pp. 70-71
    • Vaughan, O.H.1    Vonnegut, B.2
  • 75
    • 0024798929 scopus 로고
    • Recent observations of lightning discharges from the top of a thundercloud into the clear air above
    • Vaughan O H Jr and Vonnegut B 1989 Recent observations of lightning discharges from the top of a thundercloud into the clear air above J. Geophys. Res. 94 13179-82
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , Issue.D11 , pp. 13179-13182
    • Vaughan, O.H.1    Vonnegut, B.2
  • 76
    • 0343774272 scopus 로고
    • Another account
    • Gales D 1982 Another account Weatherwise 35 72
    • (1982) Weatherwise , vol.35 , pp. 72
    • Gales, D.1
  • 78
    • 0024894136 scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal photographs taken from a U-2 airplane looking down on tops of clouds illuminated by lightning
    • Vonnegut B, Vaughan O H Jr and Brook M 1989 Nocturnal photographs taken from a U-2 airplane looking down on tops of clouds illuminated by lightning Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 70 1263-71
    • (1989) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.70 , Issue.10 , pp. 1263-1271
    • Vonnegut, B.1    Vaughan, O.H.2    Brook, M.3
  • 80
    • 0033428587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red sprites, upward lightning, and VLF perturbations
    • Rodger C J 1999 Red sprites, upward lightning and VLF perturbations Rev. Geophys. 37 317-36 (Pubitemid 30008331)
    • (1999) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-336
    • Rodger, C.J.1
  • 81
    • 21944451792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional modeling of blue jets and blue starters
    • Pasko V P and George J J 2002 Three-dimensional modeling of blue jets and blue starters J. Geophys. Res. 107 1458
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.A12 , pp. 1458
    • Pasko, V.P.1    George, J.J.2
  • 84
    • 0033494494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: Initial observations in central New Mexico
    • DOI 10.1029/1999GL010856
    • Rison W, Thomas R J, Krehbiel P R, Hamlin T and Harlin J 1999 A GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: initial observations in central New Mexico Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 3573-6 (Pubitemid 30137356)
    • (1999) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.26 , Issue.23 , pp. 3573-3576
    • Rison, W.1    Thomas, R.J.2    Krehbiel, P.R.3    Hamlin, T.4    Harlin, J.5
  • 85
    • 3943105507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The severe thunderstorm electrification and precipitation study
    • Lang T J et al 2004 The severe thunderstorm electrification and precipitation study Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 85 1107-25
    • (2004) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.85 , Issue.8 , pp. 1107-1125
    • Lang, T.J.1    Al, E.2
  • 86
    • 21444456036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial leader velocities during intracloud lightning: Possible evidence for a runaway breakdown effect
    • Behnke S A, Thomas R J, Krehbiel P R and Rison W 2005 Initial leader velocities during intracloud lightning: possible evidence for a runaway breakdown effect J. Geophys. Res. 110 D10207
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110 , Issue.D10 , pp. 10207
    • Behnke, S.A.1    Thomas, R.J.2    Krehbiel, P.R.3    Rison, W.4
  • 87
    • 0002692738 scopus 로고
    • The electrical structure of thunderstorms
    • Krehbiel P R 1986 The electrical structure of thunderstorms The Earth's Electrical Environment (Washington, DC: National Academy Press) pp 90-113
    • (1986) The Earth's Electrical Environment , pp. 90-113
    • Krehbiel, P.R.1
  • 88
    • 0024786073 scopus 로고
    • The tripolar structure of thunderstorms
    • Williams E R 1989 The tripolar structure of thunderstorms J. Geophys. Res. 94 13151-67
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , Issue.D11 , pp. 13151-13167
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 90
    • 0342903071 scopus 로고
    • VHF radar echoes associated with atmospheric phenomena
    • Rumi G C 1957 VHF radar echoes associated with atmospheric phenomena J. Geophys. Res. 62 547
    • (1957) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 547
    • Rumi, G.C.1
  • 92
    • 0032466702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring lightning-induced ionospheric effects with incoherent scatter radar or with cross-modulation
    • Showen R L and Slingeland A 1998 Measuring lightning-induced ionospheric effects with incoherent scatter radar or with cross-modulation J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 60 951
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.60 , Issue.7-9 , pp. 951
    • Showen, R.L.1    Slingeland, A.2
  • 97
    • 0035475834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesosphere-troposphere coupling due to sprites
    • DOI 10.1029/2001GL013222
    • Pasko V P, Inan U S and Bell T F 2001 Mesosphere-troposphere coupling due to sprites Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 3821-4 (Pubitemid 32997263)
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , Issue.19 , pp. 3821-3824
    • Pasko, V.P.1    Inan, U.S.2    Bell, T.F.3
  • 99
    • 67649163707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moudry D R 2003 The dynamics and morphology of sprites PhD Thesis University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
    • (2003) PhD Thesis
    • Moudry, D.R.1
  • 101
    • 34249899134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible direct cloud-to-ionosphere current evidenced by sprite-initiated secondary TLEs
    • Marshall R A and Inan U S 2007 Possible direct cloud-to-ionosphere current evidenced by sprite-initiated secondary TLEs Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L05806
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 05806
    • Marshall, R.A.1    Inan, U.S.2
  • 102
    • 0029729109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blue jets produced by quasi-electrostatic pre-discharge thundercloud fields
    • Pasko V P, Inan U S and Bell T F 1996 Blue jets produced by quasi-electrostatic pre-discharge thundercloud fields Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 301-4
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 301-304
    • Pasko, V.P.1    Inan, U.S.2    Bell, T.F.3
  • 104
    • 0006470535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large scale modeling of sprites and blue jets
    • Pasko V P, Inan U S and Bell T F 1999 Large scale modeling of sprites and blue jets Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 80 F218 (Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A42E-11)
    • (1999) Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union , vol.80 , pp. 218
    • Pasko, V.P.1    Inan, U.S.2    Bell, T.F.3
  • 105
    • 21944445625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical analysis of initiation of gigantic jets connecting thunderclouds to the ionosphere
    • Tong L Z, Nanbu K and Fukunishi H 2004 Numerical analysis of initiation of gigantic jets connecting thunderclouds to the ionosphere Earth Planets Space 56 1059-65 (Pubitemid 40949995)
    • (2004) Earth, Planets and Space , vol.56 , Issue.11 , pp. 1059-1065
    • Tong, L.1    Nanbu, K.2    Fukunishi, H.3
  • 106
    • 23944516780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of gigantic jets propagating from the top of thunderclouds to the ionosphere
    • Tong L Z, Nanbu K and Fukunishi H 2005 Simulation of gigantic jets propagating from the top of thunderclouds to the ionosphere Earth Planets Space 57 613-17 (Pubitemid 41195379)
    • (2005) Earth, Planets and Space , vol.57 , Issue.7 , pp. 613-617
    • Tong, L.1    Nanbu, K.2    Fukunishi, H.3
  • 107
    • 34548648932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the mechanism of blue jet formation and propagation
    • Raizer Y P, Milikh G M and Shneider M N 2006 On the mechanism of blue jet formation and propagation Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L23801
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , Issue.23 , pp. 23801
    • Raizer, Y.P.1    Milikh, G.M.2    Shneider, M.N.3
  • 109
    • 0001678190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On runaway breakdown and upward propagating discharges
    • Roussel-Dupré R A and Gurevich A V 1996 On runaway breakdown and upward propagating discharges J. Geophys. Res. 101 2297-312
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.A2 , pp. 2297-2312
    • Roussel-Dupré, R.A.1    Gurevich, A.V.2
  • 110
    • 0029730009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High altitude discharges and gamma-ray flashes: A manifestation of runaway air breakdown
    • Taranenko Y and Roussel-Dupré R 1996 High altitude discharges and gamma-ray flashes: a manifestation of runaway air breakdown Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 571-4
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 571-574
    • Taranenko, Y.1    Roussel-Dupré, R.2
  • 111
    • 0032173176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical characteristics of Blue Jets produced by runaway air breakdown, simulation results
    • DOI 10.1029/98GL02431
    • Yukhimuk V, Roussel-Dupré R A and Symbalisty E M D 1998 Optical characteristics of blue jets produced by runaway air breakdown, simulation results Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 3289-92 (Pubitemid 29123146)
    • (1998) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.25 , Issue.17 , pp. 3289-3292
    • Yukhimuk, V.1    Roussel-Dupre, R.A.2    Symbalisty, E.M.D.3    Taranenko, Y.4
  • 112
    • 0033489837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Above cloud electrical discharges: The effect of aerosol transport
    • Shaw G E 1998 Above cloud electrical discharges: the effect of aerosol transport Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 4317-20 (Pubitemid 29181712)
    • (1998) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.25 , Issue.23 , pp. 4317-4320
    • Shaw, G.E.1
  • 113
    • 0043283297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial structure of optical emissions in the model of gigantic upward atmospheric discharges with participation of runaway electrons
    • Kutsyk I M and Babich L P 1999 Spatial structure of optical emissions in the model of gigantic upward atmospheric discharges with participation of runaway electrons Phys. Lett. A 253 75-82
    • (1999) Phys. Lett. , vol.253 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 75-82
    • Kutsyk, I.M.1    Babich, L.P.2
  • 115
    • 0032458815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theories and simulations of elves, sprites and blue jets
    • DOI 10.1016/S1364-6826(98)00034-0
    • Rowland H L 1998 Theories and simulations of elves, sprites and blue jets J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 60 831-44 (Pubitemid 29107656)
    • (1998) Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics , vol.60 , Issue.7-9 , pp. 831-844
    • Rowland, H.L.1
  • 117
    • 49749086896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blue jets: Upward lightning
    • Mishin E V and Milikh G M 2008 Blue jets: upward lightning Space Sci. Rev. 137 doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9346-z
    • (2008) Space Sci. Rev. , vol.137
    • Mishin, E.V.1    Milikh, G.M.2
  • 118
    • 0001378407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo simulation of runaway MeV electron breakdown with application to red sprites and terrestrial gamma ray flashes
    • Lehtinen N G, Bell T F and Inan U S 1999 Monte Carlo simulation of runaway MeV electron breakdown with application to red sprites and terrestrial gamma ray flashes J. Geophys. Res. 104 24699-712
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , Issue.A11 , pp. 24699-24712
    • Lehtinen, N.G.1    Bell, T.F.2    Inan, U.S.3
  • 119
    • 39449085495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thunderstorm-driven runaway electrons in the conjugate hemisphere: Purple sprites, ionization enhancements, and gamma rays
    • 2000JA000160
    • Lehtinen N G, Bell T F and Inan U S 2001 Effects of thunderstorm-driven runaway electrons in the conjugate hemisphere: purple sprites, ionization enhancements and gamma rays J. Geophys. Res. 106 28841-56 (Pubitemid 33729738)
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics , vol.106 , Issue.A12 , pp. 28841-28856
    • Lehtinen, N.G.1    Inan, U.S.2    Bell, T.F.3
  • 120
    • 0000784489 scopus 로고
    • Runaway electron mechanism of air breakdown and preconditioning during a thunderstorm
    • Gurevich A V, Milikh G M and Roussel-Dupré R A 1992 Runaway electron mechanism of air breakdown and preconditioning during a thunderstorm Phys. Lett. A 165 463-8
    • (1992) Phys. Lett. , vol.165 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 463-468
    • Gurevich, A.V.1    Milikh, G.M.2    Roussel-Dupré, R.A.3
  • 121
    • 33750808742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Runaway breakdown and electric discharges in thunderstorms
    • Gurevich A V and Zybin K P 2001 Runaway breakdown and electric discharges in thunderstorms Phys. Usp. 44 1119-40 (Pubitemid 33795627)
    • (2001) Physics-Uspekhi , vol.44 , Issue.11 , pp. 1119-1140
    • Gurevich, A.V.1    Zybin, K.P.2
  • 122
    • 21244473638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Runaway breakdown and the mysteries of lightning
    • Gurevich A V and Zybin K P 2005 Runaway breakdown and the mysteries of lightning Phys. Today 58 37-43 (Pubitemid 40899429)
    • (2005) Physics Today , vol.58 , Issue.5 , pp. 37-43
    • Gurevich, A.V.1    Zybin, K.P.2
  • 124
    • 41749114751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correction to Three-dimensional modeling of blue jets and blue starters
    • Pasko V P 2004 Correction to Three-dimensional modeling of blue jets and blue starters J. Geophys. Res. 109 A09311
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , Issue.A9 , pp. 09311
    • Pasko, V.P.1
  • 125
    • 0001480727 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of middle-atmosphere electric fields and associated electrical conductivities
    • Hale L C, Croskey C L and Mitchell J D 1981 Measurements of middle-atmosphere electric fields and associated electrical conductivities Geophys. Res. Lett. 8 927-30
    • (1981) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 927-930
    • Hale, L.C.1    Croskey, C.L.2    Mitchell, J.D.3
  • 126
    • 0028563570 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of ELF/ULF energy from lightning and MeV particles to the middle atmosphere, ionosphere and global circuit
    • Hale L C 1994 Coupling of ELF/ULF energy from lightning and MeV particles to the middle atmosphere, ionosphere and global circuit J. Geophys. Res. 99 21089-96
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.D10 , pp. 21089-21096
    • Hale, L.C.1
  • 128
    • 22444446542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting lightning-driven quasi-electrostatic fields at sprite altitudes using in situ measurements and a numerical model
    • Thomas J N, Holzworth R H, McCarthy M P and Pinto O Jr 2005 Predicting lightning-driven quasi-electrostatic fields at sprite altitudes using in situ measurements and a numerical model Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 L10809
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32 , Issue.10 , pp. 10809
    • Thomas, J.N.1    Holzworth, R.H.2    McCarthy, M.P.3    Pinto, O.4
  • 130
    • 0000640782 scopus 로고
    • Transient ULF electric and magnetic fields following a lightning discharge
    • Greifinger C and Greifinger P 1976 Transient ULF electric and magnetic fields following a lightning discharge J. Geophys. Res. 81 2237-47
    • (1976) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.81 , Issue.13 , pp. 2237-2247
    • Greifinger, C.1    Greifinger, P.2
  • 131
    • 27644502511 scopus 로고
    • Current to the ionosphere following a lightning stroke
    • Hale L C and Baginski M E 1987 Current to the ionosphere following a lightning stroke Nature 329 814-16
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , Issue.6142 , pp. 814-816
    • Hale, L.C.1    Baginski, M.E.2
  • 134
    • 0033134269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesospheric electric field transients due to tropospheric lightning discharges
    • DOI 10.1029/1999GL900240
    • Pasko V P, Inan U S and Bell T F 1999 Mesospheric electric field transients due to tropospheric lightning discharges Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 1247-50 (Pubitemid 29437788)
    • (1999) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.26 , Issue.9 , pp. 1247-1250
    • Pasko, V.P.1    Inan, U.S.2    Bell, T.F.3
  • 135
    • 0024646586 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of leader breakdown in electronegative gases
    • Niemeyer L, Ullrich L and Wiegart N 1989 The mechanism of leader breakdown in electronegative gases IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul. 24 309-24
    • (1989) IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul. , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-324
    • Niemeyer, L.1    Ullrich, L.2    Wiegart, N.3
  • 137
    • 0031143932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of positive streamer acceleration and expansion in air in a strong external field
    • PII S0022372797801441
    • Kulikovsky A A 1997 The mechanism of positive streamer acceleration and expansion in air in a strong external field J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 30 1515-22 (Pubitemid 127612121)
    • (1997) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1515-1522
    • Kulikovsky, A.A.1
  • 138
    • 0000492846 scopus 로고
    • Numerical and experimental-determination of ionizing front velocity in a dc point-to-plane corona discharge
    • Grange F, Soulem N, Loiseau J F and Spyrou N 1995 Numerical and experimental-determination of ionizing front velocity in a dc point-to-plane corona discharge J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 28 1619-29
    • (1995) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 1619-1629
    • Grange, F.1    Soulem, N.2    Loiseau, J.F.3    Spyrou, N.4
  • 139
    • 32644446640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of photoionization on similarity properties of streamers at various pressures in air
    • DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/2/013, PII S0022372706074997
    • Liu N Y and Pasko V P 2006 Effects of photoionization on similarity properties of streamers at various pressures in air J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 327-34 (Pubitemid 43240780)
    • (2006) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-334
    • Liu, N.1    Pasko, V.P.2
  • 142
    • 0000332846 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the electrostatic theory of a lightning discharge
    • Kasemir H W 1960 A contribution to the electrostatic theory of a lightning discharge J. Geophys. Res. 65 1873-8
    • (1960) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.65 , Issue.7 , pp. 1873-1878
    • Kasemir, H.W.1
  • 143
    • 0032572997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model of electric charges in thunderstorms and associated lightning
    • 98JD02120
    • Mazur V and Ruhnke L H 1998 Model of electric charges in thunderstorms and associated lightning J. Geophys. Res. 103 23299-308 (Pubitemid 128702645)
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.103 , Issue.D18 , pp. 23299-23308
    • Mazur, V.1
  • 144
    • 0026854682 scopus 로고
    • The scaling of the streamer-to-arc transition in a positive point-to-plane gap with pressure
    • Achat S, Teisseyre Y and Marode E 1992 The scaling of the streamer-to-arc transition in a positive point-to-plane gap with pressure J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 25 661-8
    • (1992) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 661-668
    • Achat, S.1    Teisseyre, Y.2    Marode, E.3
  • 145
    • 0035821728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pressure effects on the development of an electric discharge in non-uniform fields
    • DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/34/11/321, PII S0022372701220683
    • Tardiveau P, Marode E, Agneray A and Cheaib M 2001 Pressure effects on the development of an electric discharge in non-uniform fields J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34 1690-6 (Pubitemid 32609213)
    • (2001) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , vol.34 , Issue.11 , pp. 1690-1696
    • Tardiveau, P.1    Marode, E.2    Agneray, A.3    Cheaib, M.4
  • 146
    • 0000451771 scopus 로고
    • Red sprites and blue jets: Thunderstorm-excited optical emissions in the stratosphere, mesosphere and ionosphere
    • Sentman D D and Wescott E M 1995 Red sprites and blue jets: Thunderstorm-excited optical emissions in the stratosphere, mesosphere and ionosphere Phys. Plasmas 2 2514-22
    • (1995) Phys. Plasmas , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 2514-2522
    • Sentman, D.D.1    Wescott, E.M.2
  • 147
    • 0006043728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red sprites and blue jets: High-altitude optical emissions linked to lightning
    • Sentman D D and Wescott E M 1996 Red sprites and blue jets: High-altitude optical emissions linked to lightning Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 77 1-5
    • (1996) Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Sentman, D.D.1    Wescott, E.M.2
  • 148
    • 0031200829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ozone layer perturbation by a single blue jet
    • Mishin E V 1997 Ozone layer perturbation by a single blue jet Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 1919-22
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , Issue.15 , pp. 1919-1922
    • Mishin, E.V.1
  • 149
    • 34250750714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible persistent ionization caused by giant blue jets
    • Lehtinen N G and Inan U S 2007 Possible persistent ionization caused by giant blue jets Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L08804
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34 , Issue.8 , pp. 08804
    • Lehtinen, N.G.1    Inan, U.S.2
  • 151
    • 38949154125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterisation of the chemical effect of sprites in the middle atmosphere
    • Enell C F et al 2008 Parameterisation of the chemical effect of sprites in the middle atmosphere Ann. Geophys. 26 13-27
    • (2008) Ann. Geophys. , vol.26 , pp. 13-27
    • Enell, C.F.1    Al, E.2
  • 154
    • 54949097784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air plasma kinetics under the influence of sprites
    • Gordillo-Vazquez F J 2008 Air plasma kinetics under the influence of sprites J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 at press
    • (2008) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. , vol.41
    • Gordillo-Vazquez, F.J.1
  • 155
    • 0037037221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulsed positive corona streamer propagation and branching
    • DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/35/17/313, PII S002237270233941X
    • van Veldhuizen E M and Rutgers W R 2002 Pulsed positive corona streamer propagation and branching J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35 2169-79 (Pubitemid 35039600)
    • (2002) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , vol.35 , Issue.17 , pp. 2169-2179
    • Van Veldhuizen, E.M.1    Rutgers, W.R.2
  • 156
    • 45549086058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of transient luminous events to neutral chemistry: Experimental measurements
    • Rodger C J, Seppala A and Clilverd M A 2008 Significance of transient luminous events to neutral chemistry: experimental measurements Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L07803
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 07803
    • Rodger, C.J.1    Seppala, A.2    Clilverd, M.A.3
  • 158
    • 0034483361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global atmospheric electric circuit, solar activity and climate change
    • DOI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00112-7, PII S1364682600001127
    • Rycroft M J, Israelsson S and Price C 2000 The global atmospheric electric circuit, solar activity and climate change J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 62 1563-76 (Pubitemid 32145673)
    • (2000) Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics , vol.62 , Issue.17-18 , pp. 1563-1576
    • Rycroft, M.J.1    Israelsson, S.2    Price, C.3
  • 159
    • 32244444168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical processes coupling the atmosphere and ionosphere: An overview
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.04.009, PII S1364682605002543, Vertical Coupling in the Atmosphere/Ionosphere System
    • Rycroft M J 2006 Electrical processes coupling the atmosphere and ionosphere: an overview J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 68 445-56 (Pubitemid 43210234)
    • (2006) Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics , vol.68 , Issue.3-5 , pp. 445-456
    • Rycroft, M.J.1
  • 160
    • 45749090904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global atmospheric electric circuit and its effects on cloud microphysics
    • Tinsley B A 2008 The global atmospheric electric circuit and its effects on cloud microphysics Rep. Prog. Phys. 71 066801
    • (2008) Rep. Prog. Phys. , vol.71 , Issue.6 , pp. 066801
    • Tinsley, B.A.1
  • 161
    • 49749148423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of Earth's global electric circuit and atmospheric electricity
    • Rycroft M J, Harrison R G, Nicoll K A and Mareev E A 2008 An overview of Earth's global electric circuit and atmospheric electricity Space Sci. Rev. 137 doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9368-6
    • (2008) Space Sci. Rev. , vol.137
    • Rycroft, M.J.1    Harrison, R.G.2    Nicoll, K.A.3    Mareev, E.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.