Strong electric fields from positive lightning strokes in the stratrosphere

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 1-5

  Holzworth, R H ^a   McCarthy, M P ^a   Thomas, J N ^a   Chin, J ^a   Chinowsky, T M ^b   Taylor, M J ^c   Pinto, Jr ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b University of Washington   (United States)

^c UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BALLOONS; CLOUDS; ELECTRIC FIELD MEASUREMENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LIGHTNING; THUNDERSTORMS; VECTORS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; IONOSPHERE; METEOROLOGY; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

BALLOON PAYLOAD; ELECTRIC FIELD TRANSIENT PROPAGATION; LIGHTNING STROKES; MESOSPHERE;

UPPER ATMOSPHERE; CLOUDS;

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; ELECTRIC FIELD; LIGHTNING;

CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING; ELECTRIC FIELD TRANSIENT PROPAGATION; HIGH-TIME RESOLUTION; LIGHTNING DETECTION; LIGHTNING ELECTRIC FIELD; LIGHTNING LOCATION; POSITIVE LIGHTNING; STRONG ELECTRIC FIELDS;

EID: 19744364294     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004GL021554     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Baginski, M. E., L. C. Hale, and J. J. Olivero (1988), Lightning-related fields in the ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 764.
2. Barnum, B. H. (1999), Electromagnetic and optical characteristics of lightning measured in the Earth's ionosphere, Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Wash., Seattle.
3. Bering, E. A., T. J. Rosenberg, J. R. Benbrook, D. Detrick, D. L. Matthews, M. J. Rycroft, M. A. Saunders, and W. R. Sheldon (1980), Electric fields, electron precipitation, and VLF radiation during a simultaneous magnetospheric substorm and atmospheric thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 55.
4. Bering, E. A., III, J. R. Benbrook, J. A. Garrett, A. M. Paredes, E. M. Wescott, D. R. Moudry, D. D. Sentman, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, and W. A. Lyons (2002), The electrodynamics of sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (5), 1064, doi:10.1029/2001GL013267.
5. Blakeslee, R. J., H. J. Christian, and B. Vonnegut (1989), Electrical measurements over thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,135.
6. Boccippio, D. J., E. R. Williams, S. J. Heckman, W. A. Lyons, I. T. Baker, and R. Boldi (1995), Sprites, ELF transients, and positive ground strokes, Science, 269, 1088.
7. Boeck, W. L., O. H. Vaughan Jr., and R. J. Blakeslee (1991), Low light level TV images of terrestrial lightning as viewed from space, Eos Trans. AGU, 72(17), Spring Meet. Suppl., 171.
8. Dejnakarintra, M., and C. G. Park (1974), Lightning induced electric fields in the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1903.
9. Fernsler, R. F., and H. L. Rowland (1996), Models of lightning-produced sprites and elves, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,653.
10. Franz, R. C., R. J. Nemzek, and J. R. Winckler (1990), Television image of a large upward electrical discharge above a thunderstorm system, Science, 249, 48.
11. Greifinger, C., and P. Greifinger (1976), Transient VLF electronic and magnetic field following a lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2237.
12. Hale, L. C. (1984), Middle atmosphere electrical structure, dynamics and coupling, Adv. Space Res., 4, 175.
13. Holzworth, R. H. (1977), Large scale DC electric fields in the Earth's environment, Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.
14. Holzworth, R. H., and E. A. Bering III, (1998), Ionospheric electric fields from stratospheric balloon-bome probes, in Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas: Fields, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 103, edited by R. F. Pfaff, J. E. Borovsky, and D. T. Young, p. 79, AGU, Washington, D. C.
15. Holzworth, R. H., and Y. T. Chiu, (1982), Sferics in the stratosphere, in Handbook of Atmospherics, vol. 2, edited by H. Volland, p. 1, C.R.C. Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
16. Holzworth, R. H., M. C. Kelley, C. L. Siefring, L. C. Hale, and J. D. Mitchell (1985), Electrical measurements in the atmosphere and the ionosphere over an active thunderstorm: 2. Direct current electric fields and conductivity, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9824.
17. Holzworth, R. H., K. Norville, P. M. Kintner, and S. Powell (1986), Stratospheric conductivity variations over thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,257.
18. Lehtinen, N. G., T. F. Bell, V. P. Pasko, and U. S. Inan (1997), A two-dimensional model of runaway electron beams driven by quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2639.
19. Li, Y. Q. (1993), Ionospheric VLF waves and optical phenomena over active thunderstorms, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Wash., Seattle.
20. Lyons, W. A. (1994), Characteristics of luminous structures in the stratosphere above thunderstorms as imaged by low-light video, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 875.
21. Lyons, W. A. (1996), Sprite observations above the U.S. High Plains in relation to their parent thunderstorm systems, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,641.
22. Marshall, T. C., M. P. McCarthy, and W. D. Rust (1995), Electric field magnitudes and lightning initiation in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7097.
23. Mozer, F. S., and R. Serlin (1969), Magnetospheric electric field measurements with balloons, J. Geophys Res., 74, 4739-4754.
24. Pasko, V. P., U. S. Inan, Y. N. Taranenko, and T. F. Bell (1995), Heating, ionization and upward discharges in the mesosphere due to intense quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 365.
25. Pasko, V. P., U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell, and Y. N. Taranenko (1997), Sprites produced by quasi-electrostratic heating and ionization in the lower ionosphere, J. Geophys Res., 102, 4529-4562.
26. Pasko, V. P., M. A. Stanley, J. D. Mathews, U. S. Inan, and T. Woods (2002), Electrical discharge from a thundercloud top to the ionosphere, Nature, 416, 152.
27. Pinto, O., Jr., I. R. C. A. Pinto, M. A. S. S. Gomes, I. Vitorello, A. L. Padilha, J. H. Diniz, A. M. Carvalho, and A. C. Filho (1999), Cloud-to-ground lightning in southeastern Brazil in 1993: 1. Geographical distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31,369.
28. Rodger, C. J. (1999), Sprites, upward lightning, and VLF perturbations, Rev. Geophys., 37, 317.
29. Sentman, D. D., E. M. Wescott, D. L. Osborne, D. L. Hampton, and M. J. Heavner (1995), Preliminary results from the Sprites94 aircraft campaign: 1. Red sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1205.
30. Siefring, C. L. (1987), Upward propagating electric fields from thunderstorms and VLF transmitter, Ph.D. thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
31. Su, H. T., R. R. Hsu, A. B. Chen, Y. C. Wang, W. S. Hsiao, W. C. Lai, L. C. Lee, M. Sato, and H. Fukunishi (2003), Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere, Nature, 423, 974.
32. Thomas, J. N., R. H. Holzworth, and J. Chin (2004), A new high-voltage electric field instrument for studying sprites, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42, 1399.
33. Uman, M. A. (1969), Lightning, McGraw-Hill, New York.