메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 13-27

Parameterisation of the chemical effect of sprites in the middle atmosphere

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC FIELD; IONIZATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; OZONE; PARAMETERIZATION; SPRITE; THUNDERSTORM;

EID: 38949154125     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: 14320576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-26-13-2008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 33845606711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adachi, T., Fukunishi, H., Takahashi, Y., Hiraki, Y., Hsu, R.-R., Su, H.-T., Chen, A B., Mende, S B., Frey, H U., and Lee, L C.: Electric field transition between the diffuse and streamer regions of sprites estimated from ISUAL/array photometer measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17803, \doi10.1029/2006GL026495, 2006.
    • Adachi, T., Fukunishi, H., Takahashi, Y., Hiraki, Y., Hsu, R.-R., Su, H.-T., Chen, A B., Mende, S B., Frey, H U., and Lee, L C.: Electric field transition between the diffuse and streamer regions of sprites estimated from ISUAL/array photometer measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17803, \doi10.1029/2006GL026495, 2006.
  • 2
    • 85037005659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arnone, E., Berg, P., Boberg, F., Bor, J., Chanrion, O., Enell, C.-F., Ignaccolo, M., Mika, \'A., Odzimek, A., van~der Velde, O., Farges, T., Laursen, S., Neubert, T., and Satori, G.: The Eurosprite 2005 campaign, in: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual European meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods (33AM), edited by Arvelius, J., no. 292 in IRF Scientific Reports, Swedish Inst. of Space Physics, Kiruna, in press, 2008a.
    • Arnone, E., Berg, P., Boberg, F., Bor, J., Chanrion, O., Enell, C.-F., Ignaccolo, M., Mika, \'A., Odzimek, A., van~der Velde, O., Farges, T., Laursen, S., Neubert, T., and Satori, G.: The Eurosprite 2005 campaign, in: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual European meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods (33AM), edited by Arvelius, J., no. 292 in IRF Scientific Reports, Swedish Inst. of Space Physics, Kiruna, in press, 2008a.
  • 3
    • 43549124817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • % %Arnone, E., Kero, A., Dinelli, B M., Enell, C.-F., Arnold, N F., Papandrea, % E., Rodger, C J., Carlotti, M., Ridolfi, M., and Turunen, E.: Seeking % sprite-induced signatures in remotely sensed middle atmosphere NO2, % Geophys. Res. Lett., in review, 2008b.
    • % %Arnone, E., Kero, A., Dinelli, B M., Enell, C.-F., Arnold, N F., Papandrea, % E., Rodger, C J., Carlotti, M., Ridolfi, M., and Turunen, E.: Seeking % sprite-induced signatures in remotely sensed middle atmosphere NO2, % Geophys. Res. Lett., in review, 2008b.
  • 4
    • 0041910989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baehr, J., Schlager, H., Ziereis, H., Stock, P., van Velthoven, P., Busen, R., Strom, J., and Schumann, U.: Aircraft observations of NO, NO_y, CO, and O3 in the upper troposphere from 60° N to 60° S – Interhemispheric differences, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1598, doi:10.1029/2003GL016935, 2003.
    • Baehr, J., Schlager, H., Ziereis, H., Stock, P., van Velthoven, P., Busen, R., Strom, J., and Schumann, U.: Aircraft observations of NO, NO_y, CO, and O3 in the upper troposphere from 60° N to 60° S – Interhemispheric differences, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1598, doi:10.1029/2003GL016935, 2003.
  • 5
    • 38949118068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide production in collisions of hot O(3P) atoms with N2
    • doi:10.1029/2002JA009566
    • Balakrishnan, N. and Dalgarno, A.: Nitric oxide production in collisions of hot O(3P) atoms with N2, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 1065, doi:10.1029/2002JA009566, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , pp. 1065
    • Balakrishnan, N.1    Dalgarno, A.2
  • 7
    • 85036970855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birkeland, K.: Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition; 1902–3, 1, H. Aschehoug and Co., Christiania, Norway, 1908.
    • Birkeland, K.: Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition; 1902–3, vol 1, H. Aschehoug and Co., Christiania, Norway, 1908.
  • 9
    • 0037688152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bucsela, E., Morrill, J., Heavner, M., Siefring, C., Berg, S., Hampton, D., Moudry, D., Wescott, E., and Sentman, D.: N2(Ba3\Pi_\ mathrmg) and N_2a+(a2\Pi_\mathrmu) vibrational distributions observed in sprites, J. Atmos. and Solar-Terr. Phys., 65, 583–591, 2003.
    • Bucsela, E., Morrill, J., Heavner, M., Siefring, C., Berg, S., Hampton, D., Moudry, D., Wescott, E., and Sentman, D.: N2(Ba3\Pi_\ mathrmg) and N_2a+(a2\Pi_\mathrmu) vibrational distributions observed in sprites, J. Atmos. and Solar-Terr. Phys., 65, 583–591, 2003.
  • 10
    • 0037081948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed and calculated mesospheric NO, 1992-1997, Geophys
    • doi:10.1029/ 2001GL013995
    • Callis, L B., Natarajan, M., and Lambeth, J D.: Observed and calculated mesospheric NO, 1992-1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1030, doi:10.1029/ 2001GL013995, 2002.
    • (2002) Res. Lett , vol.29 , pp. 1030
    • Callis, L.B.1    Natarajan, M.2    Lambeth, J.D.3
  • 11
    • 0036705367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chabrillat, S., Kockarts, G., Fonteyn, D., and Brasseur, G.: Impact of molecular diffusion on the CO2 distribution and the temperature in the mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1729, \doi10.1029/2002GL015309, 2002.
    • Chabrillat, S., Kockarts, G., Fonteyn, D., and Brasseur, G.: Impact of molecular diffusion on the CO2 distribution and the temperature in the mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1729, \doi10.1029/2002GL015309, 2002.
  • 12
    • 0038076027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chern, J L., Hsu, R.-R., Su, H.-T., Mende, S B., Fukunishi, H., Takahashi, Y., and Lee, L C.: Global survey of upper atmospheric transient luminous events on the ROCSAT-2 satellite, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 65, 647–659, 2003.
    • Chern, J L., Hsu, R.-R., Su, H.-T., Mende, S B., Fukunishi, H., Takahashi, Y., and Lee, L C.: Global survey of upper atmospheric transient luminous events on the ROCSAT-2 satellite, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 65, 647–659, 2003.
  • 13
    • 34047230238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clilverd, M A., Seppala, A., Rodger, C J., Verronen, P T., and Thomson, N R.: Ionospheric evidence of thermosphere-to-stratosphere descent of polar NOx, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19811, \doi10.1029/2006GL026727, 2006.
    • Clilverd, M A., Seppala, A., Rodger, C J., Verronen, P T., and Thomson, N R.: Ionospheric evidence of thermosphere-to-stratosphere descent of polar NOx, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19811, \doi10.1029/2006GL026727, 2006.
  • 15
    • 84907688605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CPAT and Kinema Software
    • CPAT and Kinema Software: The Siglo data base, http://www.siglo-kinema. com.
    • The Siglo data base
  • 16
    • 0000983261 scopus 로고
    • Solar Proton Events: Stratospheric Sources of Nitric Oxide
    • Crutzen, P J., Isaksen, I. S A., and Reid, G C.: Solar Proton Events: Stratospheric Sources of Nitric Oxide, Science, 189, 457–458, 1975.
    • (1975) Science , vol.189 , pp. 457-458
    • Crutzen, P.J.1    Isaksen, I.S.A.2    Reid, G.C.3
  • 19
    • 0025658069 scopus 로고
    • Television Image of a Large Upward Electrical Discharge Above a Thunderstorm System
    • Franz, R C., Nemzek, R J., and Winckler, J R.: Television Image of a Large Upward Electrical Discharge Above a Thunderstorm System, Science, 249, 48–51, 1990.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 48-51
    • Franz, R.C.1    Nemzek, R.J.2    Winckler, J.R.3
  • 20
    • 0030216832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fukunishi, H., Takahashi, Y., Kubota, M., and Sakanoi, K.: Elves: Lightning induced transient luminous events in the lower ionosphere, Geophys. Res.\ Lett., 23, 2157–2160, \doi10.1029/96GL01979, 1996.
    • Fukunishi, H., Takahashi, Y., Kubota, M., and Sakanoi, K.: Elves: Lightning induced transient luminous events in the lower ionosphere,, Geophys. Res.\ Lett., 23, 2157–2160, \doi10.1029/96GL01979, 1996.
  • 21
    • 21544461753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Funke, B., Lopez-Puertas, M., von Clarmann, T., Stiller, G P., Fischer, H., Glatthor, N., Grabowski, U., Hopfner, M., Kellmann, S., Kiefer, M., Linden, A., Mengistu~Tsidu, G., Milz, M., Steck, T., and Wang, D Y.: Retrieval of stratospheric NO_x from 5.3 and 6.2 ?m nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium emissions measured by Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat, J. Geophys.\ Res., 110, D09302, doi:10.1029/2004JD005225, 2005.
    • Funke, B., Lopez-Puertas, M., von Clarmann, T., Stiller, G P., Fischer, H., Glatthor, N., Grabowski, U., Hopfner, M., Kellmann, S., Kiefer, M., Linden, A., Mengistu~Tsidu, G., Milz, M., Steck, T., and Wang, D Y.: Retrieval of stratospheric NO_x from 5.3 and 6.2 ?m nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium emissions measured by Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat, J. Geophys.\ Res., 110, D09302, doi:10.1029/2004JD005225, 2005.
  • 22
    • 0038075550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gerken, E A. and Inan, U S.: Observations of decameter-scale morphologies in sprites, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 65, 567–572, 2003.
    • Gerken, E A. and Inan, U S.: Observations of decameter-scale morphologies in sprites, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 65, 567–572, 2003.
  • 24
    • 84898960456 scopus 로고
    • Franck-Condon Factors, r-Centroids, Electronic transition Moments, and Einstein Coefficients for many Nitrogen and oxygen Band Systems
    • Gilmore, F R., Laher, R R., and Espy, P J.: Franck-Condon Factors, r-Centroids, Electronic transition Moments, and Einstein Coefficients for many Nitrogen and oxygen Band Systems, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 21, 1005–1107, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , vol.21 , pp. 1005-1107
    • Gilmore, F.R.1    Laher, R.R.2    Espy, P.J.3
  • 25
    • 0001658014 scopus 로고
    • Extension of the MSIS Thermospheric Model into the Middle and Lower Atmosphere
    • Hedin, A E.: Extension of the MSIS Thermospheric Model into the Middle and Lower Atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1159–1172, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res , vol.96 , pp. 1159-1172
    • Hedin, A.E.1
  • 26
  • 27
    • 34250323484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning-produced NOx over Brazil during TROCCINOX: Airborne measurements in tropical and subtropical thunderstorms and the importance of mesoscale convective systems
    • Huntrieser, H., Schlager, H., Roiger, A., Lichtenstern, M., Schumann, U., Kurz, C., Brunner, D., Schwierz, C., Richter, A., and Stohl, A.: Lightning-produced NOx over Brazil during TROCCINOX: Airborne measurements in tropical and subtropical thunderstorms and the importance of mesoscale convective systems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2987–3013, 2007.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.7 , pp. 2987-3013
    • Huntrieser, H.1    Schlager, H.2    Roiger, A.3    Lichtenstern, M.4    Schumann, U.5    Kurz, C.6    Brunner, D.7    Schwierz, C.8    Richter, A.9    Stohl, A.10
  • 28
    • 33746444956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ignaccolo, M., Farges, T., Mika, A., Allin, T H., Chanrion, O., Blanc, E., Fraser-Smith, A C., and Fullekrug, M.: The Planetary Rate of Sprite Events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11808, \doi10.1029/2005GL025502, 2006.
    • Ignaccolo, M., Farges, T., Mika, A., Allin, T H., Chanrion, O., Blanc, E., Fraser-Smith, A C., and Fullekrug, M.: The Planetary Rate of Sprite Events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11808, \doi10.1029/2005GL025502, 2006.
  • 29
    • 33644628758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liu, N., Pasko, V P., Burkhardt, D H., Frey, H U., Mende, S B., Su, H.-T., Chen, A B., Hsu, R.-R., Lee, L.-C., Fukunishi, H., and Takahashi, Y.: Comparison of results from sprite streamer modeling with spectrophotometric measurements by ISUAL instrument on FORMOSAT-2 satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01101, \doi10.1029/2005GL024243, 2006.
    • Liu, N., Pasko, V P., Burkhardt, D H., Frey, H U., Mende, S B., Su, H.-T., Chen, A B., Hsu, R.-R., Lee, L.-C., Fukunishi, H., and Takahashi, Y.: Comparison of results from sprite streamer modeling with spectrophotometric measurements by ISUAL instrument on FORMOSAT-2 satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01101, \doi10.1029/2005GL024243, 2006.
  • 30
    • 85036981544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyons, W A.: The meteorology of transient luminous events –- an introduction and overview, in: Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges, edited by Fullekrug, M., Mareev, E A., and Rycroft, M J., 225 of \em NATO Science Series II. Mathematics, physics and chemistry\/, pp. 19–56, Springer Verlag, ISBN 1-4020-4628-6, 2006.
    • Lyons, W A.: The meteorology of transient luminous events –- an introduction and overview, in: Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges, edited by Fullekrug, M., Mareev, E A., and Rycroft, M J., vol. 225 of \em NATO Science Series II. Mathematics, physics and chemistry\/, pp. 19–56, Springer Verlag, ISBN 1-4020-4628-6, 2006.
  • 31
    • 0029508626 scopus 로고
    • Sprite spectra; N2 1 PG band identification
    • Mende, S., Rairden, R., Swenson, G., and Lyons, A.: Sprite spectra; N2 1 PG band identification, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2633–2636, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.22 , pp. 2633-2636
    • Mende, S.1    Rairden, R.2    Swenson, G.3    Lyons, A.4
  • 33
    • 37049243502 scopus 로고
    • A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions
    • Miller, S L.: A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions, Science, 117, 528–529, 1953.
    • (1953) Science , vol.117 , pp. 528-529
    • Miller, S.L.1
  • 34
    • 0031200829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ozone layer perturbation by a single blue jet
    • Mishin, E.: Ozone layer perturbation by a single blue jet, Geophys. Res.\ Lett., 24, 1919–1922, 1997.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res.\ Lett , vol.24 , pp. 1919-1922
    • Mishin, E.1
  • 35
    • 0032466701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morrill, J S., Bucsela, E J., Pasko, V P., Berg, S L., Heavner, M J., Moudry, D R., Benesch, W M., Wescott, E M., and Sentman, D D.: Time resolved N2 triplet state vibrational populations and emissions associated with red sprites, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 60, 811–829, 1998.
    • Morrill, J S., Bucsela, E J., Pasko, V P., Berg, S L., Heavner, M J., Moudry, D R., Benesch, W M., Wescott, E M., and Sentman, D D.: Time resolved N2 triplet state vibrational populations and emissions associated with red sprites, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 60, 811–829, 1998.
  • 36
    • 0038079485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Sprites and Their Exotic Kin
    • Neubert, T.: On Sprites and Their Exotic Kin, Science, 300, 747–749, 2003.
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 747-749
    • Neubert, T.1
  • 37
    • 0000667921 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by lightning
    • Noxon, J F.: Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by lightning, Geophys. Res.\ Lett., 3, 463–465, 1976.
    • (1976) Geophys. Res.\ Lett , vol.3 , pp. 463-465
    • Noxon, J.F.1
  • 39
    • 33947703182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pasko, V P.: Red sprite discharges in the atmosphere at high altitude: the molecular physics and the similarity with laboratory discharges, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 16, S13–S29, \doi10.1088/0963-0252/16/1/S02, 2007.
    • Pasko, V P.: Red sprite discharges in the atmosphere at high altitude: the molecular physics and the similarity with laboratory discharges, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 16, S13–S29, \doi10.1088/0963-0252/16/1/S02, 2007.
  • 40
    • 85036979992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pavlov, A. V. and Buonsanto, M J.: Using steady state vibrational temperatures to model effects of N_2a on calculations of electron densities, J.\ Geophys. Res., 101, 26 941–26 946, \doi10.1029/96JA02734, 1996.
    • Pavlov, A. V. and Buonsanto, M J.: Using steady state vibrational temperatures to model effects of N_2a on calculations of electron densities, J.\ Geophys. Res., 101, 26 941–26 946, \doi10.1029/96JA02734, 1996.
  • 41
    • 85036993009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peterson, H., Bailey, M., Hallett, J., and Beasley, W.: NOx Production in Simulated Blue Jets, Sprites, and TLE Discharges, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, pp. A990, 2005.
    • Peterson, H., Bailey, M., Hallett, J., and Beasley, W.: NOx Production in Simulated Blue Jets, Sprites, and TLE Discharges, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, pp. A990, 2005.
  • 42
    • 36749105350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piper, L G., Caledonia, G E., and Kennealy, J P.: Rate constants for deactivation of N2(A,\nu'=0,1) by O2, J. Chem. Phys., 74, 2888–2895, 1981a.
    • Piper, L G., Caledonia, G E., and Kennealy, J P.: Rate constants for deactivation of N2(A,\nu'=0,1) by O2, J. Chem. Phys., 74, 2888–2895, 1981a.
  • 43
    • 36749105497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piper, L G., Caledonia, G E., and Kennealy, J P.: Rate constants for deactivation of N2(a3σua+,\nu=0,1) by O, J. Chem. Phys., 75, 2847–2852, 1981b.
    • Piper, L G., Caledonia, G E., and Kennealy, J P.: Rate constants for deactivation of N2(a3σua+,\nu=0,1) by O, J. Chem. Phys., 75, 2847–2852, 1981b.
  • 44
    • 0001530761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pitchford, L C., Oneil, S V., and J R Rumble, J.: Extended Boltzmann analysis of electron swarm experiments, Phys. Rev. A, 23, 294–304, 1981.
    • Pitchford, L C., Oneil, S V., and J R Rumble, J.: Extended Boltzmann analysis of electron swarm experiments, Phys. Rev. A, 23, 294–304, 1981.
  • 45
    • 85036961684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Press, W H., Teukolsky, S A., Vetterling, W T., and Flannery, B P.: Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge University Press, second edn., 1992.
    • Press, W H., Teukolsky, S A., Vetterling, W T., and Flannery, B P.: Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge University Press, second edn., 1992.
  • 46
    • 85037000912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price, C.: Global thunderstorm activity, in: Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges, edited by: Fullekrug, M., Mareev, E A., and Rycroft, M J., 225 of \em NATO Science Series II. Mathematics, physics and chemistry\/, Springer Verlag, ISBN 1-4020-4628-6, 2006.
    • Price, C.: Global thunderstorm activity, in: Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges, edited by: Fullekrug, M., Mareev, E A., and Rycroft, M J., vol. 225 of \em NATO Science Series II. Mathematics, physics and chemistry\/, Springer Verlag, ISBN 1-4020-4628-6, 2006.
  • 49
    • 34547503251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source
    • Schumann, U. and Huntrieser, H.: The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3823–3907, 2007.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.7 , pp. 3823-3907
    • Schumann, U.1    Huntrieser, H.2
  • 51
    • 38949133056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOx enhancements in the middle atmosphere: The relative significance of Solar Proton Events and the Aurora as a source
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD008326
    • Seppala, A., Clilverd, M A., and Rodger, C J.: NOx enhancements in the middle atmosphere: The relative significance of Solar Proton Events and the Aurora as a source, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23303, doi:10.1029/2006JD008326, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res , vol.112
    • Seppala, A.1    Clilverd, M.A.2    Rodger, C.J.3
  • 52
    • 33645489634 scopus 로고
    • Minor Constituents in the Middle Atmosphere
    • D. Reidel Publishing Company
    • Shimazaki, T.: Minor Constituents in the Middle Atmosphere, no 6 in Developments in Earth and Planetary Physics, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1984.
    • (1984) Developments in Earth and Planetary Physics , Issue.6
    • Shimazaki, T.1
  • 53
    • 84944837457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slanger, T G. and Black, G.: Quenching of O(1S) by O2(a1\Delta_g), Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 535–538, 1981.
    • Slanger, T G. and Black, G.: Quenching of O(1S) by O2(a1\Delta_g), Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 535–538, 1981.
  • 54
  • 56
    • 33751044211 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric formation of NO from N2(A3σ)
    • Swider, W.: Atmospheric formation of NO from N2(A3σ), Geophys.\ Res. Lett., 3, 335–337, 1976.
    • (1976) Geophys.\ Res. Lett , vol.3 , pp. 335-337
    • Swider, W.1
  • 57
    • 0039127007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thomas, J M. and Kaufman, F.: Rate constants of the reactions of metastable N2(a3σua+) in ?=0,1,2, and 3 with ground state O2 and O, J. Chem. Phys., 83, 2900–2903, 1985.
    • Thomas, J M. and Kaufman, F.: Rate constants of the reactions of metastable N2(a3σua+) in ?=0,1,2, and 3 with ground state O2 and O, J. Chem. Phys., 83, 2900–2903, 1985.
  • 58
    • 36549097138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thomas, J M., Kaufman, F., and Golde, M F.: Rate constants for electronic quenching of N2(a3σua+, \nu=0-6) by O2, NO, CO, N2O, and C2H4, J. Chem. Phys., 86, 6885–6892, 1987.
    • Thomas, J M., Kaufman, F., and Golde, M F.: Rate constants for electronic quenching of N2(a3σua+, \nu=0-6) by O2, NO, CO, N2O, and C2H4, J. Chem. Phys., 86, 6885–6892, 1987.
  • 59
    • 0033732604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobiska, W., Woods, T., Eparvier, F., Viereck, R., Floyd, L., Bouwer, D., Rottman, G., and White, O.: The SOLAR2000 empirical solar irradiance model and forecast tool, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 62, 1233–1250, 2000.
    • Tobiska, W., Woods, T., Eparvier, F., Viereck, R., Floyd, L., Bouwer, D., Rottman, G., and White, O.: The SOLAR2000 empirical solar irradiance model and forecast tool, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 62, 1233–1250, 2000.
  • 60
    • 85037004945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turunen, E., Matveinen, H., Tolvanen, J., and Ranta, H.: D-Region Ion Chemistry Model, in: STEP Handbook of Ionospheric Models, edited by Schunk, R W., pp. 1–25, Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 1996.
    • Turunen, E., Matveinen, H., Tolvanen, J., and Ranta, H.: D-Region Ion Chemistry Model, in: STEP Handbook of Ionospheric Models, edited by Schunk, R W., pp. 1–25, Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 1996.
  • 61
    • 0036973145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the effects of the October 1989 solar proton event on mesospheric odd nitrogen using a detailed ion and neutral chemistry model
    • Verronen, P., Turunen, E., Ulich, T., and Kyrola, E.: Modelling the effects of the October 1989 solar proton event on mesospheric odd nitrogen using a detailed ion and neutral chemistry model, Ann. Geophys., 20, 1967–1976, 2002.
    • (2002) Ann. Geophys , vol.20 , pp. 1967-1976
    • Verronen, P.1    Turunen, E.2    Ulich, T.3    Kyrola, E.4
  • 62
    • 85036987371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionosphere-atmosphere interaction during solar proton events, Ph.D. thesis, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
    • ISBN: 951-697-650-6
    • Verronen, P T.: Ionosphere-atmosphere interaction during solar proton events, Ph.D. thesis, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/, ISBN: 951-697-650-6, 2006.
    • (2006)
    • Verronen, P.T.1
  • 63
    • 33646827602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verronen, P T., Seppala, A., Clilverd, M A., Rodger, C J., Kyrola, E., Enell, C.-F., Ulich, T., and Turunen, E.: Diurnal variation of ozone depletion during the October–November 2003 solar proton event, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S32, doi:10.1029/2004JA010932, 2005.
    • Verronen, P T., Seppala, A., Clilverd, M A., Rodger, C J., Kyrola, E., Enell, C.-F., Ulich, T., and Turunen, E.: Diurnal variation of ozone depletion during the October–November 2003 solar proton event, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S32, doi:10.1029/2004JA010932, 2005.
  • 64
    • 0030464298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of sources of odd nitrogen production from 1974 through 1993 in the Earth's middle atmosphere as calculated using a two-dimensional model
    • Vitt, F M. and Jackman, C H.: A comparison of sources of odd nitrogen production from 1974 through 1993 in the Earth's middle atmosphere as calculated using a two-dimensional model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6729–6739, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res , vol.101 , pp. 6729-6739
    • Vitt, F.M.1    Jackman, C.H.2
  • 65
    • 0033926628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitt, F M., Armstrong, T P., Cravens, T E., Dreschhoff, G. A M., Jackman, C H., and Laird, C M.: Computed contributions to odd nitrogen concentrations in the Earth's polar middle atmosphere by energetic charged particles, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 62, 669–683, 2000a.
    • Vitt, F M., Armstrong, T P., Cravens, T E., Dreschhoff, G. A M., Jackman, C H., and Laird, C M.: Computed contributions to odd nitrogen concentrations in the Earth's polar middle atmosphere by energetic charged particles, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 62, 669–683, 2000a.
  • 66
    • 0033928717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitt, F M., Cravens, T E., and Jackman, C H.: A two-dimensional model of thermospheric nitric oxide sources and their contributions to the middle atmospheric chemical balance, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 62, 653–667, 2000b.
    • Vitt, F M., Cravens, T E., and Jackman, C H.: A two-dimensional model of thermospheric nitric oxide sources and their contributions to the middle atmospheric chemical balance, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 62, 653–667, 2000b.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.