메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 1107-1125

The severe thunderstorm electrification and precipitation study

(18)  Lang, Timothy J a   Miller, L Jay b   Weisman, Morris b   Rutledge, Steven A a   Barker III, Llyle J c   Bringi, V N a   Chandrasekar, V a   Detwiler, Andrew d   Doesken, Nolan e   Helsdon, John d   Knight, Charles b   Krehbiel, Paul f   Lyons, Walter A g   MacGorman, Don h   Rasmussen, Erik h   Rison, William f   Rust, W David h   Thomas, Ronald J f  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROMETEOR IDENTIFICATION; PREDOMINANTLY POSITIVE CLOUD TO GROUND STORM; SUPERCELL STORM;

EID: 3943105507     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-85-8-1107     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (187)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0020861449 scopus 로고
    • A synoptic and photographic climatology of low-precipitation severe thunderstorms in the southern plains
    • Bluestein, H. B., and C. R. Parks, 1983: A synoptic and photographic climatology of low-precipitation severe thunderstorms in the southern plains. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 2034-2046.
    • (1983) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.111 , pp. 2034-2046
    • Bluestein, H.B.1    Parks, C.R.2
  • 2
    • 0025668354 scopus 로고
    • Doppler-radar analysis of a low-precipitation severe storm
    • Bluestein, H. B., and G. R. Woodall, 1990: Doppler-radar analysis of a low-precipitation severe storm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1640-1664.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 1640-1664
    • Bluestein, H.B.1    Woodall, G.R.2
  • 3
    • 0001182206 scopus 로고
    • An observation of the relationship between supercell structure and lightning ground strike polarity
    • Branick, M. L., and C. A. Doswell III, 1992: An observation of the relationship between supercell structure and lightning ground strike polarity. Wea. Forecasting, 7, 143-149.
    • (1992) Wea. Forecasting , vol.7 , pp. 143-149
    • Branick, M.L.1    Doswell III, C.A.2
  • 4
    • 0001411553 scopus 로고
    • Airflow and precipitation trajectories within severe local storms which travel to the right of the winds
    • Browning, K. A., 1964: Airflow and precipitation trajectories within severe local storms which travel to the right of the winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 634-639.
    • (1964) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 634-639
    • Browning, K.A.1
  • 5
    • 0001478539 scopus 로고
    • Some inferences about the updraft within a severe local storm
    • Browning, K. A., 1965: Some inferences about the updraft within a severe local storm. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 669-677.
    • (1965) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 669-677
    • Browning, K.A.1
  • 6
    • 0002031945 scopus 로고
    • Airflow and structure of a tornadic storm
    • Browning, K. A., and R. J. Donaldson, 1963: Airflow and structure of a tornadic storm. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 533-545.
    • (1963) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 533-545
    • Browning, K.A.1    Donaldson, R.J.2
  • 7
    • 0018725887 scopus 로고
    • Unusual tornadic storms in eastern Oklahoma on 5 December 1975
    • Burgess, D. W., and R. P. Davies-Jones, 1979: Unusual tornadic storms in eastern Oklahoma on 5 December 1975. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 451-457.
    • (1979) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.107 , pp. 451-457
    • Burgess, D.W.1    Davies-Jones, R.P.2
  • 8
    • 0032572272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical and multiparameter radar observations of a severe hailstorm
    • Carey, L. D., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: Electrical and multiparameter radar observations of a severe hailstorm. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13 979-14 000.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 13979-14000
    • Carey, L.D.1    Rutledge, S.A.2
  • 9
    • 1342270005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning in severe and nonsevere storms over the central United States from 1989-1998
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002951
    • Carey, L. D., and S. A. Rutledge, 2003: Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning in severe and nonsevere storms over the central United States from 1989-1998. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4483, doi:10.1029/2002JD002951.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4483
    • Carey, L.D.1    Rutledge, S.A.2
  • 10
    • 0042570749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between severe storm reports and cloud-to-ground lightning polarity in the contiguous United States from 1989 to 1998
    • Carey, L. D., S. A. Rutledge, and W. A. Petersen, 2003: The relationship between severe storm reports and cloud-to-ground lightning polarity in the contiguous United States from 1989 to 1998. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1211-1228.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.131 , pp. 1211-1228
    • Carey, L.D.1    Rutledge, S.A.2    Petersen, W.A.3
  • 11
    • 0041377325 scopus 로고
    • The climatology of hail in North America. Hail: A review of hail science and hail suppression, meteor
    • Changnon, S. A., Jr., 1977: The climatology of hail in North America. Hail: A Review of Hail Science and Hail Suppression, Meteor. Monogr. No. 38, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 107-128.
    • (1977) Monogr. No. 38, Amer. Meteor. Soc. , pp. 107-128
    • Changnon Jr., S.A.1
  • 13
    • 0032571723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. national lightning detection network
    • Cummins, K. L., M. J. Murphy, E. A. Bardo, W. L. Hiscox, R. B. Pyle, and A. E. Pifer, 1998: A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9035-9044.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 9035-9044
    • Cummins, K.L.1    Murphy, M.J.2    Bardo, E.A.3    Hiscox, W.L.4    Pyle, R.B.5    Pifer, A.E.6
  • 14
    • 0026438072 scopus 로고
    • Positive ground flashes produced by low-precipitation thunderstorms in Oklahoma on 26 April 1984
    • Curran, E. B., and W. D. Rust, 1992: Positive ground flashes produced by low-precipitation thunderstorms in Oklahoma on 26 April 1984. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 544-553.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 544-553
    • Curran, E.B.1    Rust, W.D.2
  • 15
    • 84979126093 scopus 로고
    • An atypical tornado producing cumulonimbus
    • Davies-Jones, R. P., D. W. Burgess, and L. R. Lemon, 1976: An atypical tornado producing cumulonimbus. Weather, 31, 336-347.
    • (1976) Weather , vol.31 , pp. 336-347
    • Davies-Jones, R.P.1    Burgess, D.W.2    Lemon, L.R.3
  • 18
    • 0242524087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation and evolution sensitivity in simulated deep convective storms: Comparisons between liquid-only and simple ice and liquid phase microphysics
    • in press
    • Gilmore, M. S., J. M. Straka, and E. N. Rasmussen, 2003: Precipitation and evolution sensitivity in simulated deep convective storms: Comparisons between liquid-only and simple ice and liquid phase microphysics. Mon. Wea. Rev., in press.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev.
    • Gilmore, M.S.1    Straka, J.M.2    Rasmussen, E.N.3
  • 19
    • 4444288052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical structures and storm severity inferred by 3-D lightning mapping observations during STEPS
    • Versailles, France, International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity
    • Hamlin, T., P. R. Krehbiel, R. J. Thomas, W. Rison, and J. Harlin, 2003: Electrical structures and storm severity inferred by 3-D lightning mapping observations during STEPS. Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity, 189-192.
    • (2003) Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity , pp. 189-192
    • Hamlin, T.1    Krehbiel, P.R.2    Thomas, R.J.3    Rison, W.4    Harlin, J.5
  • 20
    • 0037092343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning charge moment changes for the initiation of sprites
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL014593
    • Hu, W., S. Cummer, W. A. Lyons, and T. E. Nelson, 2002: Lightning charge moment changes for the initiation of sprites. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1279, doi:10.1029/2001GL014593.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 1279
    • Hu, W.1    Cummer, S.2    Lyons, W.A.3    Nelson, T.E.4
  • 22
    • 0023150819 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of tornadic thunderstorms
    • Klemp, J. B., 1987: Dynamics of tornadic thunderstorms. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 19, 369-402.
    • (1987) Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. , vol.19 , pp. 369-402
    • Klemp, J.B.1
  • 23
    • 0024531469 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of lightning field changes during active Florida thunderstorms
    • Koshak, W. J., and E. P. Krider, 1989: Analysis of lightning field changes during active Florida thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1165-1186.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 1165-1186
    • Koshak, W.J.1    Krider, E.P.2
  • 24
    • 0002692738 scopus 로고
    • The electrical structure of thunderstorms
    • E. P. Krider and R. G. Roble, Eds., National Academy Press
    • Krehbiel, P. R., 1986: The electrical structure of thunderstorms. The Earth's Electrical Environment, E. P. Krider and R. G. Roble, Eds., National Academy Press, 90-113.
    • (1986) The Earth's Electrical Environment , pp. 90-113
    • Krehbiel, P.R.1
  • 26
    • 4444233447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charging and lightning in simulations of the 29 June 2000 STEPS supercell
    • Versailles, France, International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity
    • Kuhlman, K. M., E. R. Mansell, C. L. Ziegler, D. R. MacGorman, and J. M. Straka, 2003: Charging and lightning in simulations of the 29 June 2000 STEPS supercell. Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity, 199-202.
    • (2003) Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity , pp. 199-202
    • Kuhlman, K.M.1    Mansell, E.R.2    Ziegler, C.L.3    MacGorman, D.R.4    Straka, J.M.5
  • 27
    • 0020968202 scopus 로고
    • Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model
    • Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 1065-1092
    • Lin, Y.-L.1    Farley, R.D.2    Orville, H.D.3
  • 28
    • 0034091045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of hydrometeors based on polarimetric radar measurements: Development of fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy systems, and in situ verification
    • Liu, H., and V. Chandrasekar, 2000: Classification of hydrometeors based on polarimetric radar measurements: Development of fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy systems, and in situ verification. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 140-164.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.17 , pp. 140-164
    • Liu, H.1    Chandrasekar, V.2
  • 29
    • 0030374347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sprite observations above the U.S. High Plains in relation to their parent thunderstorm systems
    • Lyons, W. A., 1996: Sprite observations above the U.S. High Plains in relation to their parent thunderstorm systems. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29 641-29 652.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 29641-29652
    • Lyons, W.A.1
  • 32
    • 0242415338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of sprite-producing positive cloud-to-ground lightning during the 19 July 2000 STEPS mesoscale convective systems
    • Lyons, W. A., T. E. Nelson, E. R. Williams, S. A. Cummer, and M. A. Stanley, 2003b: Characteristics of sprite-producing positive cloud-to-ground lightning during the 19 July 2000 STEPS mesoscale convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2417-2427.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.131 , pp. 2417-2427
    • Lyons, W.A.1    Nelson, T.E.2    Williams, E.R.3    Cummer, S.A.4    Stanley, M.A.5
  • 34
    • 0028811840 scopus 로고
    • Electrical structure and updraft speeds in thunderstorms over the southern great plains
    • Marshall, T. C., W. D. Rust, and M. Stolzenburg, 1995: Electrical structure and updraft speeds in thunderstorms over the southern Great Plains. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1001-1015.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 1001-1015
    • Marshall, T.C.1    Rust, W.D.2    Stolzenburg, M.3
  • 35
  • 36
    • 0031417364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial comparison of lightning mapping with operational time-of-arrival and interferometric systems
    • Mazur, V., E. Williams, R. Boldi, L. Maier, and D. E. Proctor, 1997: Initial comparison of lightning mapping with operational time-of-arrival and interferometric systems. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11 071-11 085.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 11071-11085
    • Mazur, V.1    Williams, E.2    Boldi, R.3    Maier, L.4    Proctor, D.E.5
  • 37
    • 4444330675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of radar-observed and WRF-modeled structures of two STEPS storms
    • San Antonio, Texas, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Miller, L. J., and M. Weisman, 2002: Comparison of radar-observed and WRF-modeled structures of two STEPS storms. Proc., 21st Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Antonio, Texas, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 299-302.
    • (2002) Proc., 21st Conf. on Severe Local Storms , pp. 299-302
    • Miller, L.J.1    Weisman, M.2
  • 38
    • 7744229362 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the contiguous United States: 1989-1991
    • Orville, R. E., 1994: Cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the contiguous United States: 1989-1991. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10 833-10 841.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 10833-10841
    • Orville, R.E.1
  • 39
    • 0001183887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States: 1992-1995
    • Orville, R. E., and A. C. Silver, 1997: Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States: 1992-1995. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 631-638.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 631-638
    • Orville, R.E.1    Silver, A.C.2
  • 40
    • 0035333064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NLDN results in the first decade, 1989-1998
    • Orville, R. E., and G. R. Huffines, 2001: Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NLDN results in the first decade, 1989-1998. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1179-1193.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 1179-1193
    • Orville, R.E.1    Huffines, G.R.2
  • 41
    • 0036476770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Improved ELF/VLF method for globally geolocating sprite-producing lightning
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL013519
    • Price, C., M. Asfur, W. Lyons, and T. Nelson, 2002: An Improved ELF/VLF method for globally geolocating sprite-producing lightning. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1031, doi:10.1029/2001GL013519.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 1031
    • Price, C.1    Asfur, M.2    Lyons, W.3    Nelson, T.4
  • 42
    • 0032462576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in supercell morphology. Part I: Observations of the role of upper-level storm-relative flow
    • Rasmussen, E. N., and J. M. Straka, 1998: Variations in supercell morphology. Part I: Observations of the role of upper-level storm-relative flow. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2406-2421.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 2406-2421
    • Rasmussen, E.N.1    Straka, J.M.2
  • 43
    • 0001014005 scopus 로고
    • Lightning location relative to storm structure in a supercell storm and a multicell storm
    • Ray, P. S., D. R. MacGorman, W. D. Rust, W. L. Taylor, and L. W. Rasmussen, 1987: Lightning location relative to storm structure in a supercell storm and a multicell storm. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5713-5724.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 5713-5724
    • Ray, P.S.1    MacGorman, D.R.2    Rust, W.D.3    Taylor, W.L.4    Rasmussen, L.W.5
  • 44
    • 0033494494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: Initial observations in New Mexico
    • Rison, W., R. J. Thomas, P. R. Krehbiel, T. Hamlin, and J. Harlin, 1999: A GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: Initial observations in New Mexico. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3573-3576.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 3573-3576
    • Rison, W.1    Thomas, R.J.2    Krehbiel, P.R.3    Hamlin, T.4    Harlin, J.5
  • 45
    • 0037098803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possibly inverted-polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms during STEPS
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL014303
    • Rust, W. D., and D. R. MacGorman, 2002: Possibly inverted-polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms during STEPS. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1571, doi:10.1029/2001GL014303.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 1571
    • Rust, W.D.1    MacGorman, D.R.2
  • 46
    • 4444245652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status of our search for inverted polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms
    • Versailles, France, International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity
    • Rust, W. D., D. R. MacGorman, P. R. Krehbiel, R. J. Thomas, E. C. Bruning, and S. A. Stroman, 2003: The status of our search for inverted polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms. Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity, 135-138.
    • (2003) Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity , pp. 135-138
    • Rust, W.D.1    MacGorman, D.R.2    Krehbiel, P.R.3    Thomas, R.J.4    Bruning, E.C.5    Stroman, S.A.6
  • 47
    • 18344380808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding Utah winter storms: The intermountain precipitation experiment
    • Schultz, D. M., and Coauthors, 2002: Understanding Utah winter storms: The Intermountain Precipitation Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 189-210.
    • (2002) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.83 , pp. 189-210
    • Schultz, D.M.1    Coauthors2
  • 48
    • 0026307278 scopus 로고
    • Electrical and kinematic structure of the stratiform precipitation region trailing an Oklahoma squall line
    • Schuur, T. J., B. F. Smull, W. D. Rust, and T. C. Marshall, 1991: Electrical and kinematic structure of the stratiform precipitation region trailing an Oklahoma squall line. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 825-842.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 825-842
    • Schuur, T.J.1    Smull, B.F.2    Rust, W.D.3    Marshall, T.C.4
  • 49
    • 0028563384 scopus 로고
    • Testing models of thunderstorm charge distributions with Coulomb's law
    • Stolzenburg, M., and T. C. Marshall, 1994: Testing models of thunderstorm charge distributions with Coulomb's law: J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25 921-25 932.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 25921-25932
    • Stolzenburg, M.1    Marshall, T.C.2
  • 50
    • 0028668443 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal distribution of electrical and meteorological conditions across the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system
    • Stolzenburg, M., T. C. Marshall, W. D. Rust, and B. F. Smull, 1994: Horizontal distribution of electrical and meteorological conditions across the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1777-1797.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1777-1797
    • Stolzenburg, M.1    Marshall, T.C.2    Rust, W.D.3    Smull, B.F.4
  • 51
    • 0032572276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions. Part II: Isolated storms
    • Stolzenburg, M., W. D. Rust, and T. C. Marshall, 1998a: Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions. Part II: Isolated storms. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 079-14 096.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 14079-14096
    • Stolzenburg, M.1    Rust, W.D.2    Marshall, T.C.3
  • 52
    • 0032572252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions. Part III: Synthesis
    • Stolzenburg, M., W. D. Rust, and T. C. Marshall, 1998b: Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions. Part III: Synthesis. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 097-14 108.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 14097-14108
    • Stolzenburg, M.1    Rust, W.D.2    Marshall, T.C.3
  • 53
    • 0012122738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two simultaneous charge structures in thunderstorm convection
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000904
    • Stolzenburg, M., T. C. Marshall, W. D. Rust, and D. L. Bartels, 2002: Two simultaneous charge structures in thunderstorm convection. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4352, doi:10.1029/2001JD000904.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4352
    • Stolzenburg, M.1    Marshall, T.C.2    Rust, W.D.3    Bartels, D.L.4
  • 54
    • 0033794621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulk hydrometeor classification and quantification using polarimetric radar data: Synthesis of relations
    • Straka, J. M., D. S. Zrnic, and A. V. Ryzhkov, 2000: Bulk hydrometeor classification and quantification using polarimetric radar data: Synthesis of relations. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1341-1372.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.39 , pp. 1341-1372
    • Straka, J.M.1    Zrnic, D.S.2    Ryzhkov, A.V.3
  • 57
    • 17744404329 scopus 로고
    • Aircraft observations of a lightning channel in STEPS
    • 2003doi:10.1029/ 2003GL017334
    • Warner, T. A., J. H. Helsdon Jr., and A. G. Detwiler, 2003: Aircraft observations of a lightning channel in STEPS. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1984, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL017334.
    • (1984) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30
    • Warner, T.A.1    Helsdon Jr., J.H.2    Detwiler, A.G.3
  • 58
    • 4243075433 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of numerically simulated LP storms
    • Indianapolis, IN, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Weisman, M. L., and H. B. Bluestein, 1985: Dynamics of numerically simulated LP storms. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Indianapolis, IN, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 167-171.
    • (1985) 15th Conf. on Severe Local Storms , pp. 167-171
    • Weisman, M.L.1    Bluestein, H.B.2
  • 60
    • 4444381309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the severe thunderstorm electrification and precipitation study (STEPS)
    • Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Weisman, M. L., and L. J. Miller, 2000: An overview of the severe thunderstorm electrification and precipitation study (STEPS). Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 273-276.
    • (2000) 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms , pp. 273-276
    • Weisman, M.L.1    Miller, L.J.2
  • 61
    • 0024191538 scopus 로고
    • The structure and evolution of numerically simulated squall lines
    • Weisman, M. L., L. J. Miller, and R. Rotunno, 1988: The structure and evolution of numerically simulated squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1990-2013.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 1990-2013
    • Weisman, M.L.1    Miller, L.J.2    Rotunno, R.3
  • 62
    • 0024786073 scopus 로고
    • The tripole structure of thunderstorms
    • Williams, E. R., 1989: The tripole structure of thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13 151-13 167.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 13151-13167
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 63
    • 0032449922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The positive charge reservoir for sprite-producing lightning
    • Williams, E. R., 1998: The positive charge reservoir for sprite-producing lightning. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 689-692.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. , vol.60 , pp. 689-692
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 64
    • 0012544713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The electrification of severe storms
    • Meteor. Monogr. No. 49, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Williams, E. R., 2001: The electrification of severe storms. Severe Convective Storms, Meteor. Monogr. No. 49, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 527-561.
    • (2001) Severe Convective Storms , pp. 527-561
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 66
    • 0035333059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the contiguous United States from 1995 to 1999
    • Zajac, B. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 2001: Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the contiguous United States from 1995 to 1999. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 999-1019.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 999-1019
    • Zajac, B.A.1    Rutledge, S.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.