메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue 3, 2009, Pages

Full-wave reflection of lightning long-wave radio pulses from the ionospheric D region: Numerical model

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 67649132944     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013642     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 0014705299 scopus 로고
    • Experimental observation of magnetic field effects on VLF propagation at night
    • doi:10.1029/RS005i001p00019
    • Bickel, J. E., J. A. Ferguson, and G. V. Stanley (1970), Experimental observation of magnetic field effects on VLF propagation at night, Radio Sci., 5, 19-25, doi:10.1029/RS005i001p00019.
    • (1970) Radio Sci , vol.5 , pp. 19-25
    • Bickel, J.E.1    Ferguson, J.A.2    Stanley, G.V.3
  • 2
    • 84905340388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Budden, K. G. (1985), the Propagation of Radio Waves, 669 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
    • Budden, K. G. (1985), the Propagation of Radio Waves, 669 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
  • 3
    • 22944443588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadband VLF measurements of lightning-induced ionospheric perturbations
    • doi: 10.1029/2004GL022187
    • Cheng, Z., and S. A. Cummer (2005), Broadband VLF measurements of lightning-induced ionospheric perturbations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08804, doi: 10.1029/2004GL022187.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.32
    • Cheng, Z.1    Cummer, S.A.2
  • 4
    • 33947542052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nighttime D region electron density profiles and variabilities inferred from broadband measurements using VLF radio emissions from lightning, Z
    • doi:10.1029/2005JA011308
    • Cheng, Z., S. A. Cummer, D. N. Baker, and S. G. Kanekal (2006), Nighttime D region electron density profiles and variabilities inferred from broadband measurements using VLF radio emissions from lightning, Z Geophys. Res., 111, A05302, doi:10.1029/2005JA011308.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res , vol.111
    • Cheng, Z.1    Cummer, S.A.2    Baker, D.N.3    Kanekal, S.G.4
  • 5
    • 0032449706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer simulation of the electric field structure and optical emission from cloud-top to the ionosphere
    • doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(98)00017-0
    • Cho, M., and M. J. Rycroft (1998), Computer simulation of the electric field structure and optical emission from cloud-top to the ionosphere, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 871-888, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(98)00017-0.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys , vol.60 , pp. 871-888
    • Cho, M.1    Rycroft, M.J.2
  • 7
    • 0032202566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionospheric D region remote sensing using VLF radio atmospherics
    • doi:10.1029/98RS02381
    • Cummer, S. A., U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell (1998), Ionospheric D region remote sensing using VLF radio atmospherics, Radio Sci., 33, 1781 - 1792, doi:10.1029/98RS02381.
    • (1998) Radio Sci , vol.33 , pp. 1781-1792
    • Cummer, S.A.1    Inan, U.S.2    Bell, T.F.3
  • 8
    • 33646498135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An FDTD model for low and high. altitude lightning-generated EM fields
    • doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.874336
    • Hu, W., and S. A. Cummer (2006), An FDTD model for low and high. altitude lightning-generated EM fields, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 54, 1513-1522, doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.874336.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag , vol.54 , pp. 1513-1522
    • Hu, W.1    Cummer, S.A.2
  • 9
    • 0000057029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space-time structure of optical flashes and ionization changes produced by lightning-EMP
    • doi:10.1029/95GL03816
    • Inan, U. S., W. A. Sampson, and Y. N. Taranenko (1996), Space-time structure of optical flashes and ionization changes produced by lightning-EMP, Geophys. Res. Lett.,. 23, 133-136, doi:10.1029/95GL03816.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.23 , pp. 133-136
    • Inan, U.S.1    Sampson, W.A.2    Taranenko, Y.N.3
  • 10
    • 1642369870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do the strongest radio pulses from thunderstorms relate to lightning flashes?
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003936
    • Jacobson, A. R. (2003a), How do the strongest radio pulses from thunderstorms relate to lightning flashes?, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4778, doi:10.1029/2003JD003936.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , Issue.D24 , pp. 4778
    • Jacobson, A.R.1
  • 11
    • 0347823192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of intracloud lightning radiofrequency power to lightning storm height, as observed by the FORTE satellite
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002956
    • Jacobson, A. R. (2003b), Relationship of intracloud lightning radiofrequency power to lightning storm height, as observed by the FORTE satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D7), 4204, doi:10.1029/2002JD002956.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , Issue.D7 , pp. 4204
    • Jacobson, A.R.1
  • 12
    • 20444492852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of narrow bipolar events with ordinary lightning as proxies for severe convection
    • doi:10.1175/MWR2915.1
    • Jacobson, A. R., and M. J. Heavner (2005), Comparison of narrow bipolar events with ordinary lightning as proxies for severe convection, Mon. Weather Rev., 133, 1144-1154, doi:10.1175/MWR2915.1.
    • (2005) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.133 , pp. 1144-1154
    • Jacobson, A.R.1    Heavner, M.J.2
  • 13
    • 0347236886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bimodal radio frequency pulse distribution of intracloud-lightning signals recorded by the FORTE satellite
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002613
    • Jacobson, A. R., and T. E. L. Light (2003), Bimodal radio frequency pulse distribution of intracloud-lightning signals recorded by the FORTE satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D9), 4266, doi:10.1029/2002JD002613.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , Issue.D9 , pp. 4266
    • Jacobson, A.R.1    Light, T.E.L.2
  • 14
    • 34248343450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jacobson, A. R., W. Boeck, and C. Jeffery (2007a), Comparison of narrow bipolar events with ordinary lightning as proxies for the microwaveradiometry ice-scattering signature, Mon. Weather Rev., 135, 13541363, doi:10.1175/MWR3342.1.
    • Jacobson, A. R., W. Boeck, and C. Jeffery (2007a), Comparison of narrow bipolar events with ordinary lightning as proxies for the microwaveradiometry ice-scattering signature, Mon. Weather Rev., 135, 13541363, doi:10.1175/MWR3342.1.
  • 15
    • 36048978167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency ionospheric sounding with Narrow Bipolar Event lightning radio emissions: Regular variabilities and solar-X-ray responses
    • Jacobson, A. R., R. Holzworth, E. Lay, M. Heavner, and D. A. Smith (2007b), Low-frequency ionospheric sounding with Narrow Bipolar Event lightning radio emissions: Regular variabilities and solar-X-ray responses, Ann. Geophys., 25, 2175-2184.
    • (2007) Ann. Geophys , vol.25 , pp. 2175-2184
    • Jacobson, A.R.1    Holzworth, R.2    Lay, E.3    Heavner, M.4    Smith, D.A.5
  • 16
    • 46449086399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency ionospheric sounding with Narrow Bipolar Event lightning radio emissions: Energy-reflectivity spectrum
    • Jacobson, A. R., R. H. Holzworth, and X.-M. Shao (2008), Low-frequency ionospheric sounding with Narrow Bipolar Event lightning radio emissions: Energy-reflectivity spectrum, Ann. Geophys., 26, 1793-1803.
    • (2008) Ann. Geophys , vol.26 , pp. 1793-1803
    • Jacobson, A.R.1    Holzworth, R.H.2    Shao, X.-M.3
  • 18
    • 0029373455 scopus 로고
    • Scattering at the junction of a rectangular waveguide and a larger circular waveguide
    • doi:10.1109/22.414538
    • MacPhie, R. H., and K.-L. Wu (1995), Scattering at the junction of a rectangular waveguide and a larger circular waveguide, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 43, 2041-2045, doi:10.1109/22.414538.
    • (1995) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech , vol.43 , pp. 2041-2045
    • MacPhie, R.H.1    Wu, K.-L.2
  • 19
    • 0033078077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A full-wave modal analysis of arbitrarily shaped waveguide discontinuities using the finite plane-wave series expansion
    • doi:10.1109/22.744299
    • MacPhie, R. H., and K.-L. Wu (1999), A full-wave modal analysis of arbitrarily shaped waveguide discontinuities using the finite plane-wave series expansion, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 47, 232-237, doi:10.1109/22.744299.
    • (1999) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech , vol.47 , pp. 232-237
    • MacPhie, R.H.1    Wu, K.-L.2
  • 20
    • 0037652497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VLF phase and amplitude: Daytime ionospheric parameters
    • doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00027-4
    • McRae, W. M., and N. R. Thomson (2000), VLF phase and amplitude: Daytime ionospheric parameters, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62,609-618, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00027-4.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys , vol.62 , pp. 609-618
    • McRae, W.M.1    Thomson, N.R.2
  • 21
    • 0016521134 scopus 로고
    • Numerical calculation of electromagnetic waves in an anisotropic multilayered medium
    • doi:10.1029/RS010i006p00611
    • Nagano, I., M. Mambo, and G. Hutatsuishi (1975), Numerical calculation of electromagnetic waves in an anisotropic multilayered medium, Radio Sci., 10, 611-617, doi:10.1029/RS010i006p00611.
    • (1975) Radio Sci , vol.10 , pp. 611-617
    • Nagano, I.1    Mambo, M.2    Hutatsuishi, G.3
  • 22
    • 0037881826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full-wave analysis of elves created by lightning-generated electromagnetic pulses
    • doi:10.1016/S13646826(02)00324-3
    • Nagano, I., S. Yagitani, K. Miyamura, and S. Makino (2003), Full-wave analysis of elves created by lightning-generated electromagnetic pulses, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 65, 615-625, doi:10.1016/S13646826(02)00324-3.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys , vol.65 , pp. 615-625
    • Nagano, I.1    Yagitani, S.2    Miyamura, K.3    Makino, S.4
  • 23
    • 0022744981 scopus 로고
    • VLF/LF mode conversion model calculations for air to air transmissions in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide
    • doi:10.1029/RS021i004p00551
    • Pappert, R. A., and J. A. Ferguson (1986), VLF/LF mode conversion model calculations for air to air transmissions in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, Radio Sci., 21, 551-558, doi:10.1029/RS021i004p00551.
    • (1986) Radio Sci , vol.21 , pp. 551-558
    • Pappert, R.A.1    Ferguson, J.A.2
  • 24
    • 0038086096 scopus 로고
    • The numerical calculation of wave-fields, reflexion coefficients and polarizations for long radio waves in the lower ionosphere. II
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.1965.0005
    • Piggott, W. R., M. L. V. Pitteway, and E. V. Thrane (1965), The numerical calculation of wave-fields, reflexion coefficients and polarizations for long radio waves in the lower ionosphere. II, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 257, 243-271, doi:10.1098/rsta.1965.0005.
    • (1965) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A , vol.257 , pp. 243-271
    • Piggott, W.R.1    Pitteway, M.L.V.2    Thrane, E.V.3
  • 25
    • 0038086096 scopus 로고
    • The numerical calculation of wave-fields, reflexion coefficients and polarizations for long radio waves in the lower ionosphere. I
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.1965.0004
    • Pitteway, M. L. V. (1965), The numerical calculation of wave-fields, reflexion coefficients and polarizations for long radio waves in the lower ionosphere. I, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 257, 219-241, doi:10.1098/rsta.1965.0004.
    • (1965) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A , vol.257 , pp. 219-241
    • Pitteway, M.L.V.1
  • 26
    • 0035862084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower ionospheric modification by lightning EMP: Simulation of the night ionosphere over the United States
    • doi:10.1029/2000GL011951
    • Rodger, C. J., M. Cho, M. A. Clilverd, and M. J. Rycroft (2001), Lower ionospheric modification by lightning EMP: Simulation of the night ionosphere over the United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 199-202, doi:10.1029/2000GL011951.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.28 , pp. 199-202
    • Rodger, C.J.1    Cho, M.2    Clilverd, M.A.3    Rycroft, M.J.4
  • 27
    • 84905331637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shampine, L. F., and M. K. Gordon (1973), Solving ordinary differential equations with ODE, STEP, and INTRP, Tech. Rep. 73-1060, Sandia Natl. Lab, Albuquerque, N. M.
    • Shampine, L. F., and M. K. Gordon (1973), Solving ordinary differential equations with ODE, STEP, and INTRP, Tech. Rep. 73-1060, Sandia Natl. Lab, Albuquerque, N. M.
  • 28
    • 33646448738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shao, X.-M., M. Stanley, A. Regan, J. Harlin, M. Pongratz, and M. Stock (2006), Total lightning observations with the new and improved Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 23, 12731288, doi:10.1175/JTECH1908.1.
    • Shao, X.-M., M. Stanley, A. Regan, J. Harlin, M. Pongratz, and M. Stock (2006), Total lightning observations with the new and improved Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 23, 12731288, doi:10.1175/JTECH1908.1.
  • 29
    • 0033608497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distinct class of isolated intracloud lightning discharges and their associated radio emissions
    • doi:10.1029/ 1998JD200045
    • Smith, D. A., X. M. Shao, D. N. Holden, C. T. Rhodes, M. Brook, P. R. Krehbiel, M. Stanley, W. Rison, and R. J. Thomas (1999), A distinct class of isolated intracloud lightning discharges and their associated radio emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4189-4212, doi:10.1029/ 1998JD200045.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res , vol.104 , pp. 4189-4212
    • Smith, D.A.1    Shao, X.M.2    Holden, D.N.3    Rhodes, C.T.4    Brook, M.5    Krehbiel, P.R.6    Stanley, M.7    Rison, W.8    Thomas, R.J.9
  • 31
    • 1942474628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for determining in-tracloud lightning and ionospheric heights from VLF/LF electric field records
    • doi:10.1029/2002RS002790
    • Smith, D. A., M. J. Heavner, A. R. Jacobson, X. M. Shao, R. S. Massey, R. J. Sheldon, and K. C. Wiens (2004), A method for determining in-tracloud lightning and ionospheric heights from VLF/LF electric field records, Radio Sci., 39, RS1010, doi:10.1029/2002RS002790.
    • (2004) Radio Sci , vol.39
    • Smith, D.A.1    Heavner, M.J.2    Jacobson, A.R.3    Shao, X.M.4    Massey, R.S.5    Sheldon, R.J.6    Wiens, K.C.7
  • 32
    • 49749207695 scopus 로고
    • The absorption of long and very long waves in the ionosphere
    • doi:10.1016/00219169(50) 90020-1
    • Stanley, J. P. (1950), The absorption of long and very long waves in the ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 1, 65-72, doi:10.1016/00219169(50) 90020-1.
    • (1950) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.1 , pp. 65-72
    • Stanley, J.P.1
  • 34
    • 0346216932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrow Bipolar Events as indicators of thunderstorm convective strength
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL017834
    • Suszcynsky, D. M., and M. J. Heavner (2003), Narrow Bipolar Events as indicators of thunderstorm convective strength, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(11), 1879, doi:10.1029/2003GL017834.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.30 , Issue.11 , pp. 1879
    • Suszcynsky, D.M.1    Heavner, M.J.2
  • 35
    • 85005577383 scopus 로고
    • Interaction with the lower ionosphere of electromagnetic pulses from lightning: Heating, attachment, and ionization
    • doi:10.1029/ 93GL01696
    • Taranenko, Y. N., U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell (1993), Interaction with the lower ionosphere of electromagnetic pulses from lightning: Heating, attachment, and ionization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1539-1542, doi:10.1029/ 93GL01696.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.20 , pp. 1539-1542
    • Taranenko, Y.N.1    Inan, U.S.2    Bell, T.F.3
  • 36
    • 0004153499 scopus 로고
    • Experimental daytime VLF ionospheric parameters
    • doi:10.1016/00219169(93)90122-F
    • Thomson, N. R. (1993), Experimental daytime VLF ionospheric parameters, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 173-184, doi:10.1016/00219169(93)90122-F.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.55 , pp. 173-184
    • Thomson, N.R.1
  • 37
    • 0038328059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar flare induced ionospheric D-region enhancements from VLF amplitude observations
    • doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(01)00048-7
    • Thomson, N. R., and M. A. Clilverd (2001), Solar flare induced ionospheric D-region enhancements from VLF amplitude observations, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 63, 1729-1737, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(01)00048-7.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys , vol.63 , pp. 1729-1737
    • Thomson, N.R.1    Clilverd, M.A.2
  • 38
    • 33745233999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large solar flares and their ionospheric D region enhancements
    • doi:10.1029/2005JA011008
    • Thomson, N. R., C. J. Rodger, and M. A. Clilverd (2005), Large solar flares and their ionospheric D region enhancements, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A06306, doi:10.1029/2005JA011008.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res , vol.110
    • Thomson, N.R.1    Rodger, C.J.2    Clilverd, M.A.3
  • 39
    • 18544400055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionosphere gives size of greatest solar flare
    • doi:10.1029/ 2003GL019345
    • Thomson, N. R., C. J. Rodger, and R. L. Dowden (2004), Ionosphere gives size of greatest solar flare, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06803, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL019345.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.31
    • Thomson, N.R.1    Rodger, C.J.2    Dowden, R.L.3
  • 40
  • 41
    • 84905360550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wait, J. R., and K. P. Spies (1964), Characteristics of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide for VLF radio waves, NBS Tech. Note 300, Natl. Inst. of Stand, and Technol., U.S. Dep. of Commer., Gaithersburg, Md.
    • Wait, J. R., and K. P. Spies (1964), Characteristics of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide for VLF radio waves, NBS Tech. Note 300, Natl. Inst. of Stand, and Technol., U.S. Dep. of Commer., Gaithersburg, Md.
  • 42
    • 43449128405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships among Narrow Bipolar Events, "total" lightning, and radar-inferred convective strength in Great Plains thunderstorms
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009400
    • Wiens, K. C., T. Hamlin, J. Harlin, and D. M. Suszcynsky (2008), Relationships among Narrow Bipolar Events, "total" lightning, and radar-inferred convective strength in Great Plains thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05201, doi:10.1029/2007JD009400.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res , vol.113
    • Wiens, K.C.1    Hamlin, T.2    Harlin, J.3    Suszcynsky, D.M.4
  • 43
    • 0038086829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of the penetration and reflection of a whistler beam incident on the lower ionosphere at very low latitude
    • doi:10.1016/0021-9169(95)00060-7
    • Xiang-Yang, W., I. Nagano, B. Zong-Ti, and T. Shimbo (1996), Numerical simulation of the penetration and reflection of a whistler beam incident on the lower ionosphere at very low latitude, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1143-1159, doi:10.1016/0021-9169(95)00060-7.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.58 , pp. 1143-1159
    • Xiang-Yang, W.1    Nagano, I.2    Zong-Ti, B.3    Shimbo, T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.