How do the strongest radio pulses from thunderstorms relate to lightning flashes?

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Volumn 108, Issue 24, 2003, Pages

  Jacobson, Abram R ^a  

^a LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Lightning; Radio pulses; Thunderstorms

Indexed keywords

LIGHTNING; RADIO WAVE; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE IMAGERY; THUNDERSTORM;

EID: 1642369870     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003936     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Boccippio, D. J., W. J. Koshak, H. J. Christian, and S. J. Goodman, Land-ocean differences in LIS and OTD tropical lightning observations, in 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, edited by H. Christian, pp. 734-737, Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Huntsville, Ala., 1999.
2. Boccippio, D. J., S. J. Goodman, and S. Heckman, Regional differences in tropical lightning distributions, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 2231-2248, 2000.
3. Christian, H. J., et al., Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed by the Optical Transient Detector (OTD), in 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, edited by H. Christian, pp. 726-729, Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Huntsville, Ala., 1999.
4. Gallimberti, I., The mechanism of the long spark formation, J. Phys.. 40(7). 193-250, 1979.
5. Gurevich, A. V., K. P. Zybin, and R. A. Roussel-Dupré, Lightning initiation by simultaneous effect of runaway breakdown and cosmic ray showers, Phys. Lett., A254, 79-87, 1999.
6. Heavner, M. J., D. A. Smith, A. R. Jacobson, and R. J. Sheldon, LF/VLF and VHF lightning fast-stepped leader observations, J Geophys. Res.. 107(D24), 4791, doi:10.1029/2001JDOO1290, 2002,
7. Jacobson, A. R., Relationship of intracloud lightning radio frequency power to lightning storm height, as observed by the FORTE satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D7), 4204, doi:10.1029/2002JD002956, 2003.
8. Jacobson, A. R., and T. E. L. Light, Bimodal radio frequency pulse distribution of intracloud-lightning signals recorded by the FORTE satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D9), 4266, doi:10.1029/2002JD002613, 2003.
9. Jacobson, A. R., and X.-M. Shao, Using geomagnetic birefringence to locate sources of impulsive, terrestrial VHF signals detected by satellites on orbit, Radio Sci., 36(4), 671-680, 2001.
10. Jacobson, A. R., and X.-M. Shao, FORTE satellite observations of very narrow radio frequency pulses associated with the initiation of negative cloud-to-ground lightning strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D22), 4661, doi: 10.1029/2001JDOO1542, 2002a.
11. Jacobson, A. R., and X.-M. Shao, On-orbit direction-finding of lightning radio-frequency emissions recorded by the FORTE satellite, Radio Sci., 37(4), doi:10.1029/2001RS002510, 2002b.
12. Jacobson, A. R., S. O. Knox, R. Franz, and D. C. Enermark, FORTE observations of lightning radio-frequency signatures: Capabilities and basic results, Radio Sci., 34(2), 337-354, 1999.
13. Jacobson, A. R., K. L. Cummins, M. Carter, P. Klingner, D. Roussel-Dupre, and S. O. Knox, FORTE radio-frequency observations of lightning strokes detected by the National Lightning Detection Network, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D12), 15,653-15,662, 2000.
14. Kirkland, M. W., D. M. Suszcynsky, J. L. L. Guillen, and J. L. Green, Observations of terrestrial lightning at optical wavelengths by the FORTE satellite photodiode detector, J. Geophys. Rev., 106(D24), 33,499-33,509, 2001.
15. Kummerow, C., W. Barnes, T. Kozu, J. Shiue, and J. Simpson, The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) sensor package, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15(6), 809-817, 1998.
16. Lee, A. C. L., An operational System for the remote location of lightning flashes using a VLF arrival time difference technique, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 630-642, 1986.
17. Le Vine, D. M., Sources of the strongest rf radiation from lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 85(C7), 4091-4095, 1980.
18. Light, T. E., and A. R. Jacobson, Characteristics of impulsive VHF lightning signals observed by the FORTE satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4756, doi:10.1029/2001JD001585, 2002.
19. Light, T. E., D. M. Suszcynsky, and A. R. Jacobson, Coincident radio frequency and optical emissions from lightning, observed with the FORTE satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D22), 28,223-28,231, 2001.
20. Massey, R. S., S. O. Knox, R. C. Franz, D. N. Holden, and C. T. Rhodes, Measurements of transionospheric radio propagation parameters using the FORTE satellite, Radio Sci., 33(6), 1739-1753, 1998.
21. Rison, W., R. J. Thomas, P. R. Krehbiel, T. Hamlin, and J. Harlin, A GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: Initial observations in central New Mexico, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3573-3576, 1999.
22. Roussel-Dupré, R., and A. V. Gurevich, On runaway breakdown and upward propagating discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A2), 2297-2311, 1996.
23. Roussel-Dupré, R. A., A. R. Jacobson, and L. A. Triplett, Analysis of FORTE data to extract ionospheric parameters, Radio Sci., 36(6), 1615-1630, 2001.
24. Smith, D. A., X. M. Shao, D. N. Holden, C. T. Rhodes, M. Brook, P. R. Krehbiel, M. Stanley, W. Rison, and R. J. Thomas, A distinct class of isolated intracloud lightning discharges and their associated radio emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D4), 4189-4212, 1999.
25. Smith, D. A., K. B. Eack, J. Harlin, M. J. Heavner, A. R. Jacobson, R. S. Massey, X. M. Shao, and K. C. Wiens, The Los Alamos Sferic Amy: A research tool for lightning investigations, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D13), doi: 10.1029/2001JD000502, 2002.
26. Suszcynsky, D., A. Jacobson, J. Fitzgerald, C. Rhodes, E. Tech, and D. Roussel-Dupré, Satellite-based global lightning and severe storm monitoring using VHF receivers, Eos Trans. AGU, 81(48), F91, 2000a.
27. Suszcynsky, D. M., M. W. Kirkland, A. R. Jacobson, R. C. Franz, S. O. Knox, J. L. L. Guillen, and J. L. Green, FORTE observations of simultaneous VHF and optical emissions from lightning: Basic phenomenology, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D2), 2191- 2201, 2000b.
28. Thomas, R. J., P. R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, T. Hamlin, J. Harlin, and D. Shown, Observations of VHF source powers radiated by lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(1), 143-146, 2001.
29. Tierney, H., A. R. Jacobson, W. H. Beasley, and P. E. Argo, Determination of source thunderstorms for VHF emissions observed by the FORTE satellite, Radio Sci., 36(1), 79-96, 2001.
30. Willett, J. C., J. C. Bailey, and E. P. Krider, A class of unusual lightning electric field wavefismis with very strong high-frequency radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 94(D13), 16,255-16,267, 1989.
31. Williams, E. R., The electrification of severe storms, in Severe Convective Storms, edited by C. A. I. Doswell, chap. 13, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 2001.