Breast conserving treatment (BCT) for stage I-II breast cancer in elderly women: Analysis of 927 cases

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 79-88

  Cutuli, Bruno ^a   De Lafontan, Brigitte ^b   Vitali, Elisabetta ^c   Costa, Loredana ^c   Aristei, Cynthia ^d   Marchal, Christian ^e   Quetin, Philippe ^f   Fay, Renaud ^g  

^a Polyclinique de Courlancy ^*  (France)

^b INSTITUT CLAUDIUS REGAUD   (France)

^c Istituto del Radio   (Italy)

^d POLICLINICO MONTELUCE   (Italy)

^e CENTRE ALEXIS VAUTRIN   (France)

^f CENTRE PAUL STRAUSS   (France)

^g Centre d'Investigations Cliniques   (France)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Breast conserving surgery; Elderly; Local recurrence; Metastasis; Prognostic factors; Radiotherapy; Survival

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; TAMOXIFEN;

AGED; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER REGRESSION; CANCER RELAPSE; CANCER STAGING; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DISTANT METASTASIS; FEMALE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PARTIAL MASTECTOMY; REVIEW; SECOND CANCER; SURVIVAL RATE;

AGED; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; HUMANS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; RADIOTHERAPY; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 67349217129     PISSN: 10408428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.09.011     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Mustacchi G., Ceccherini R., Pluchinotta A., et al. Results of adjuvant treatment in breast cancer women aged more than 70: Italian cooperative group experience. Tumori 88 Suppl 1 (2002) S83-S85
2. Mandelblatt J., Kreling B., Figueriedo M., and Shibao F. What is the impact of shared decision making on treatment and outcome for older women with breast cancer?. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 4908-4913
3. Cutuli B., Cottu P.H., Guastalla J.P., Mechin H., Costa A., and Jourdan R. A French national survey on infiltrating breast cancer: analysis of clinico-pathological features and treatment modalities in 1159 patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 95 (2006) 55-64
4. Cazzaniga M., Mustacchi G., Pronzato P., et al. Adjuvant systemic treatment of early breast cancer: the NORA study. Ann Oncol 9 (2006) 1386-1391
5. Balducci L., and Yates J. General guidelines for the management of older patients with cancer Senior Adult Care Task Force Report. Oncology 11 (2000) 1-7
6. Truong P.T., Bernstein V., Lesperance M., Speers C.H., and Olivotto N.A. Radiotherapy omission after breast-conservative surgery is associated with reduced breast cancer-specific survival in elderly women with breast cancer. Am J Surg 1941 (2006) 749-755
7. Moe M.M., Pwint T.P., and Leonard R.C.F. Treatment options for older women with early breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 6 (2006) 941-950
8. Schwartz G.F., Veronesi U., Clough K.B., et al. Proceedings of the Consensus Conference on Breast Conservation, April 28 to May 1, 2005 Milan, Italy. Cancer 107 (2006) 242-250
9. Wildiers H., Kunkler I., Biganzoli L., et al. Management of breast cancer in elderly individuals: recommendations of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology. Lancet Oncol 8 (2007) 1101-1115
10. Marchal C., Spaeth D., Verhaeghe J.L., et al. Particularités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques du cancer du sein de la femme âgée. Presse Med 25 (1996) 1636-1642
11. Reed M.W., and Morrison J.M. Wide local excision as the sole primary treatment in the elderly patients with carcinoma of the breast. Br J Surg 76 (1989) 898-900
12. Kantorowitz D.A., Poulter C.A., Sischy B., et al. Treatment of breast cancer among elderly women with segmental mastectomy or segmental mastectomy plus postoperative radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15 (1988) 263-270
13. Cutuli B., Aristei C., Martin C., Perrucci E., Latini P., and Quetin P. Breast-conserving therapy for stage I-II breast cancer in elderly women. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60 (2004) 71-76
14. Gruenberger T., Gorlitze M., Soliman T., et al. It is possible to omit postoperative irradiation in a highly selected group of elderly breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 50 (1998) 37-46
15. Merchant T.T., Mc Cormick B., Yahalom J., and Borgen P. The influence of older age on breast cancer treatment decisions and outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34 (1996) 565-570
16. Tooknel L.M., Fiw I., Jacobson L.H., and Bamberg N. Management of elderly patients with primary breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 14 (1988) 677-681
17. Martelli G., Miceli R., De Palo G., et al. Is axillary dissection necessary in elderly patients with breast carcinoma who have a clinically uninvolved axilla?. Cancer 97 (2003) 1156-1161
18. Ortholan C., Hannoun-Levi J.M., Ferrero J.M., Largillier R., and Courdi A. Long-term results of adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy for breast cancer in elderly patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 61 (2005) 154-162
19. Solin L.J., Schultz D.J., and Fowble B.L. Ten-year results of the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma in elderly women using breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 33 (1995) 45-51
20. Vlastos G., Mirza N.Q., Meric F., et al. Breast conservation therapy as a treatment option for the elderly. The MD Anderson experience. Cancer 92 (2001) 1092-1100
21. Potter R., Gnant M., Kwansky W., et al. Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen or anastrozole with or without whole breast irradiation in women with favorable early breast cancer. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 68 (2007) 334-340
22. Hughes K.S., Schnaper L.A., Berry D., et al. Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women 70 years of age or older with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 971-977
23. Fyles A.W., Mc Cready D.R., Manchul L.A., et al. Tamoxifen with or without breast irradiation in women 50 years of age or older with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 963-970
24. Crivellari D., Spazzapan S., Lombardi D., et al. Treatment of older breast cancer patients with high recurrence risk. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 46 (2003) 241-246
25. Daidone M.G., Coradini D., Martelli G., and Veronesi S. Primary breast cancer in elderly women: biological profile and relation with clinical outcome. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 45 (2003) 313-325
26. Bouchardy C., Rapiti E., Fioretta G., et al. Undertreatment strongly decreases prognosis of breast cancer in elderly women. J Clin Oncol 21 (2003) 3580-3587
27. Houterman S., Janssen-Heijnen M.L.G., Verheij C.D., et al. Comorbidity has negligible impact on treatment and complications but influences survival in breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer (2004)
28. Wyld L., Garg D.K., Kumar I.D., Brown H., and Reed M.W.R. Stage and treatment variation with age in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: compliance with guidelines. Br J Cancer 90 (2004) 1486-1491
29. Turner N.J., Haward H.A., Mulley G.B., and Selby P.J. Cancer in old age: it is inadequately investigated and treated?. Br Med J 319 (1999) 309-312
30. Gazet J.-C., Ford H.T., Coombes R.C., and Bland J.M. Prospective randomised trial of tamoxifen versus surgery in elderly patients with breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 24 (1994) 207-214
31. Aktar S.S., Allan S.G., Rodger A., et al. A 10-year experience of tamoxifen as primary treatment of breast cancer in 100 elderly and frail patients. Eur J Surg Oncol (1991)
32. Bates T., Riley D.L., Houghton J., Followfield L., and Baum M. Breast cancer in elderly women: a cancer research campaign trial comparing treatment with tamoxifen and optimal surgery with tamoxifen alone. Br J Surg 78 (1991) 591-594
33. Bergman L., Van Dongen J.A., Van Ooijen B., and Van Leuwen F.E. Should tamoxifen be a primary treatment choice for elderly breast cancer patients with locoregional disease?. Breast Cancer Res Treat 34 (1994) 77-83
34. Robertson J.F.R., Ellis I.O., Elston C.W., and Blamey R.W. Mastectomy or tamoxifen as initial therapy for operable breast cancer in elderly patients: 5-year follow-up. Eur J Cancer 28A (1992) 908-910
35. Willsher P.C., Robertson J.F., Jackson L., Al-Hilary M., and Blamey R.W. Investigation of primary tamoxifen for elderly patients with operable breast cancer. Breast 6 (1997) 150-154
36. Dunser M., Hussler B., Fuchs H., and Margreiter R. Tumorectomy plus tamoxifen for the treatment of breast cancer in the elderly. Eur J Surg Oncol 19 (1993) 529-531
37. Martelli G., Miceli R., Costa A., et al. Elderly breast cancer patients treated by conservative surgery alone plus adjuvant tamoxifen: fifteen-year results of a prospective study. Cancer 112 (2008) 481-488
38. Näslund E., Fernstad R., Ekman S., Schultz I., Hjalmar M.L., and Askergren J. Breast cancer in women over 75 years: is axillary dissection always necessary?. Eur J Surg 162 (1996) 867-871
39. Fourquet A., Cutuli B., Luporsi E., et al. 'Standards, options and recommendations 2001' for radiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic infiltrating breast cancer. Update. Cancer Radiother 6 (2002) 238-258
40. Clarke M., Collins R., Darby S., et al. Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet 366 (2005) 2087-2106
41. Vinh-Hung V., and Verschraegen C. Breast conservative surgery with or without radiotherapy: pooled-analysis for risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 96 (2004) 115-121
42. Ballard-Barbasch R., Potosky A.L., Harlan L.C., Nayfeld S.G., and Kessler L.G. Factors associated with surgical and radiation therapy for early stage breast cancer in older women. J Natl Cancer Inst 88 (1996) 716-726
43. Busch E., Kemeny M., Fremgen A., Ojteen R.T., Winchester D.P., and Clive R.E. Patterns of breast cancer care in elderly. Cancer 78 (1996) 101-111
44. Diab S.G., Elledge R.M., and Clark G.M. Tumor characteristics and clinical outcome of elderly women with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 92 (2000) 550-556
45. Gajdos C., Tartter P.I., Bleiweiss I.J., et al. The consequence of understanding breast cancer in elderly. J Am Coll Surg 192 (2001) 698-707
46. Sener S. Breast cancer in older women: screening and selection of locoregional therapy. Semin Surg Oncol 12 (1996) 328-331
47. Riley G.F., Potosky A.L., Klabunde C.N., Warren J.L., and Ballard-Barbash R. Stage and diagnosis and treatment patterns among older women with breast cancer. An HMO and free-for-service comparison. JAMA 281 (1999) 720-726
48. Mandelblatt J.S., Hadley J., Kerner J.F., et al. Patterns of breast carcinoma treatment in older women. Patient preference and clinical and physician influences. Cancer 89 (2000) 561-573
49. Hillner B.E., Penberthy L., Desch C.E., Mc Donald K., Smith T.J., and Retchin S.M. Variation in staging and treatment of local and regional breast cancer in the elderly. Breast Cancer Res Treat 40 (1996) 75-86
50. Hebert-Croteau N., Brisson J., Latreille J., Blanchette C., and Deschenes L. Compliance with consensus recommendations for treatment of early stage breast carcinoma in elderly women. Cancer 85 (1999) 1104-1113
51. Giordano S.H., Hortobagyi G.N., Kau S.W.C., Theriault R.L., and Bondy M.L. Breast cancer treatment guidelines in older women. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 783-791
52. Siegelmann-Danielli N., Khandelwal V., Wood G.S., et al. Breast cancer in elderly women: outcome as affected by age, tumor features, comorbidities and treatment approach. Clin Breast Cancer 7 (2006) 59-66
53. Holmes C.E., and Muss H.B. Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in the elderly. CA Cancer J Clin 53 (2003) 227-244
54. Kimmick G., and Muss H.B. Breast cancer in older patients. Semin Oncol 31 (2004) 234-248
55. Singh R., Hellman S., and Heimann R. The natural history of breast carcinoma in the elderly-implications for screening and treatment. Cancer 100 (2004) 1807-1813
56. Mallol N., Desandes E., Lesur-Schwander A., and Guillemin F. Disease-specific and event-free survival in breast cancer patients: a hospital-based study between 1990 and 2001. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 54 (2006) 313-325
57. Grosclaude P., Colonna M., Hedelin G., et al. Survival of women with breast cancer in France: variation with age, stage and treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 70 (2001) 137-143
58. Mustacchi G., Cazzaniga M., Pronzato P., et al. Breast cancer in elderly women: a different reality? Results from the NORA study. Ann Oncol 18 (2007) 991-996
59. Molino A., Giovannini M., Auriemma A., et al. Pathological, biological and clinical characteristics, and surgical management of elderly women with breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 59 (2006) 226-233
60. Fisher C.J., Egan E.K., Smith P., Wicks K., Millis R.R., and Fentiman I.S. Histopathology of breast cancer in relation to age. Br J Cancer 75 (1997) 593-596
61. Basso U., Brunello A., Pogliani C., and Monfardini S. Treatment options for early breast cancer in elderly women. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 4 (2004) 197-211
62. Truong P.T., Bernstein V., Wai E., Chuta B., Speers C., and Olivotto I.A. Age-related variations in the use of axillary dissection: a survival analysis of 8038 women with T1-T2 breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54 (2002) 794-803
63. International Breast Cancer Study Group. Randomized trial comparing axillary clearance versus no axillary clearance in older patients with breast cancer: first results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 10-93. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 337-344
64. Wyld L., and Reedm. The role of surgery in the management of older women with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 43 (2007) 2253-2263
65. Louwman W.J., Janssen-Heijnen M.L.G., Houterman S., et al. Less extensive treatment and inferior prognosis for breast cancer patients with comorbidity: a population-based study. Eur J Cancer 41 (2005) 779-785
66. Buchholz T.A., Theriault R.L., Niland J.C., et al. The use of radiation as a component of breast conservative therapy in National Comprehensive Cancer Network Centers. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 361-369
67. Bouchardy C., Rapiti E., Blagojevic S., Vlastos A.T., and Vlastos G. Older female cancer patients: importance, causes and consequences of undertreatment. J Clin Oncol 25 (2007) 1858-1869
68. Morrow M., White J., Moughan J., et al. Factor predicting the use of breast-conserving therapy in stage I and II breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 2254-2262
69. Cutuli B., Petit J.C., Fricker J.P., et al. Adjuvant tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment in postmenopausal women: occurrence of thrombo-embolic complications. Oncol Rep 1 (1994) 59-63
70. Owusu C., Buist D.S.M., Field T.S., et al. Predictors of tamoxifen discontinuation among older women with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 26 (2008) 549-555
71. Fentiman I.S., Van Zijl J., Karydas I., et al. Treatment of operable breast cancer in the elderly: a randomized clinical trial EORTC 10850 comparing modified radical mastectomy with tumorectomy plus tamoxifen. Eur J Cancer 39 (2003) 300-308
72. Fentiman I.S., Christiaens M.R., Paridaens R., et al. Treatment of operable breast cancer in the elderly: a randomized clinical trial EORTC 10851 comparing tamoxifen alone with modified radical mastectomy. Eur J Cancer 39 (2003) 309-316
73. Darby S., Mc Gale P., Taylor C.W., and Peto R. Long-term mortality from heart disease and lung cancer after radiotherapy for early breast cancer: prospective cohort study of about 300 000 women in US SEER cancer registries. Lancet Oncol 6 (2005) 565-577
74. Giordano S.H., Kuo Y.F., Freeman J.L., et al. Risk of cardiac death after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 97 (2005) 419-424
75. Bartelink H., Horiot J.C., Poortmans P.M., et al. Impact of a higher radiation dose on local control and survival in breast conserving therapy of early breast cancer: 10-year results of the randomized boost versus no boost. EORTC 22881-10882 trial. J Clin Oncol 25 (2007) 3259-3265
76. Spruit P.H., Siesling S., Elferink M.A.G., Vonk E.J.A., and Hoekstra C.J.M. Regional radiotherapy versus an axillary lymph node dissection after lumpectomy: a safe alternative for an axillary lymph node dissection in a clinically uninvolved axilla in breast cancer. A case control study with 10 years follow-up. Radiat Oncol 2 (2007) 1-6
77. Hoebers F.J.P., Borger J.H., Hart A.A.M., Peterse J.L., Rutgers E.J., and Lebesque J.V. Primary axillary radiotherapy as axillary treatment in breast-conserving therapy for patients with breast carcinoma and clinically negative axillary lymph nodes. Cancer 88 (2000) 1633-1642
78. Whelan T.J., Mackenzie R., Julian J., et al. Randomized trial of breast irradiation schedules after lumpectomy for women with lymph node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 94 (2002) 1143-1150
79. Owen J.R., Ashton A., Bliss J.M., et al. Effect of radiotherapy fraction size on tumour control in patients with early-stage breast cancer after local tumour excision: long-term results of a randomized trial. Lancet Oncol 7 (2006) 467-472
80. The Start Trialists' Group. The UK standardisation of breast radiotherapy (START) trial A of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised and trial. Lancet Oncol 9 (2008) 331-341
81. Livi L., Stefanacci M., Scoccianti S., et al. Adjuvant hypofractionated radiation therapy for breast cancer after conserving surgery. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 19 (2007) 120-124
82. Geiger A.M., Thwin S.S., Lash T.L., et al. Recurrences and second primary breast cancers in older women with initial early-stage disease. Cancer 109 (2007) 966-974
83. Oh S., Heflin S., Meyerowitz B.E., Desmond K.A., Rowland J.H., and Ganz P.A. Quality of life breast cancer survivors after a recurrence: a follow-up study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 87 (2004) 45-57
84. Kurtz J.M. Local therapy, systemic benefit: challenging the paradigm of biological predeterminism. Clin Oncol 18 (2006) 162-165
85. Benson J.R., and Querci Della Rovere G. Ipsilateral breast recurrence. Breast 17 (2008) 12-18
86. Harris E.E., Hwang W.T., Urtisnak S.L., Plastaras J., Kinosoan B., and Solin L.J. The impact of comorbidities on outcomes for elderly women treated with breast-conservation treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 70 (2008) 1453-1459
87. Poortmans P. Evidence-based radiation oncology: breast cancer. Radiother Oncol 84 (2007) 84-101
88. Scalliet P.G.M., and Kirkove C. Breast cancer in elderly women: can radiotherapy be omitted?. Eur J Cancer 43 (2007) 2264-2269
89. Hannoun-Levi J.M., Courdi A., Marsiglia H., Namer M., and Gerard J.P. Breast cancer in elderly women: is partial breast irradiation a good alternative?. Breast Cancer Res Treat 81 (2003) 243-251
90. Chen P.Y., and Vicini F.A. Partial breast irradiation. Patient selection, guidelines for treatment and current results. Front Radiat Ther Oncol 40 (2007) 253-271
91. Giordano S.H., Duan Z., Kuo Y.F., Hortobagyi G.N., and Goodwin J.S. Use and outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 2750-2756
92. Aapro M.S. Adjuvant therapy of primary breast cancer: a review of key findings from the 7th International Conference, St. Gallen, February 2001. Oncologist 6 (2001) 376-385
93. Early Breast Cancer Trialist Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet 365 (2005) 1687-1717
94. Ravdin P.M., Siminoff L.A., Davis G.J., et al. Computer program to assist in making decision about adjuvant therapy for women with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 980-991
95. Extermann M., Balducci L., and Lyman G.H. What threshold for adjuvant therapy in older breast cancer patients?. J Clin Oncol 18 (2000) 1709-1717
96. Extermann M. Measurement and impact of comorbidity in older cancer patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 35 (2000) 181-200
97. Yancik R., Wesley M.N., Ries L.A.G., Havlik R.G., Edwards B.K., and Yates J.W. Effect of age and comorbidity in postmenopausal breast cancer patients aged 55 years and older. JAMA 285 (2001) 885-892
98. Horiot J.C. Radiation therapy and the geriatric oncology patient. J Clin Oncol 24 (2007) 1930-1935
99. Biganzoli L., Licitra S., Claudino W., Pestrin M., and Di Leo A. Clinical decision making in breast cancer: TAM and aromatase inhibitors for older patients: a jungle?. Eur J Cancer 43 (2007) 2270-2278
100. 1b, pN0 breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 33 (2007) 271-275
101. Du X.L., Osborne C., and Goodwin J.S. Population-based assessment of hospitalizations for toxicity from chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 20 (2002) 4636-4642
102. Doyle J.J., Neugat A.I., Jacobson J.S., Grann V.R., and Herschman D.L. Chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity in older breast cancer patients: a population-based study. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 8597-8605
103. Aapro M.S., Cameron D.A., Pettengell R., et al. EORTC guidelines for the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in adult patients with lymphomas and solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 42 (2006) 2433-2453
104. Smith T.J., Khatcheressian J., Lyman G.H., et al. 2006 update of recommendations for the use of white blood cell growth factors: an evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 3187-3205
105. Crivellari D., Aapro M., and Leonard R. Breast cancer in elderly. J Clin Oncol 25 (2007) 1882-1890