Skeletal sequelae of cancer and cancer treatment

Journal of Cancer Survivorship

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 75-88

  Stava, Charles J ^a   Jimenez, Camilo ^a   Hu, Mimi I ^a   Vassilopoulou Sellin, Rena ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer survivorship; Drug induced bone loss; Osteoporosis; Skeletal effects

Indexed keywords

ANTIANDROGEN; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ARTICLE; BONE DISEASE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; GASTRECTOMY; HUMAN; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; NEOPLASM; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

ANDROGEN ANTAGONISTS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ANTINEOPLASTIC PROTOCOLS; BONE DISEASES; GASTRECTOMY; HUMANS; HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, SECONDARY; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; NEOPLASMS; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

EID: 67349144091     PISSN: 19322259     EISSN: 19322267     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-009-0083-4     Document Type: Article

References (153)

1. NCI.SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2005. 2007; Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2005/.
2. Hewitt MGS, Stovall E. From cancer patient to cancer survivor, lost in transition. 1st ed. Washington, DC: National Academies; 2006.
3. PN Schultz ML Beck C Stava R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2003 Health profiles in 5836 long-term cancer survivors Int J Cancer 104 4 488 95 10.1002/ijc.10981
4. PN Schultz MJ Klein ML Beck C Stava RV Sellin 2005 Breast cancer: relationship between menopausal symptoms, physiologic health effects of cancer treatment and physical constraints on quality of life in long-term survivors J Clin Nurs 14 2 204 11 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01030.x
5. PN Schultz C Stava ML Beck R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2004 Ethnic/racial influences on the physiologic health of cancer survivors Cancer 100 1 156 64 10.1002/cncr.11897
6. PN Schultz C Stava R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2003 Health profiles and quality of life of 518 survivors of thyroid cancer Head Neck 25 5 349 56 10.1002/hed.10217
7. C Stava M Beck PN Schultz R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2005 Hearing loss among cancer survivors Oncol Rep 13 6 1193 9
8. C Stava M Beck R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2005 Cataracts among cancer survivors Am J Clin Oncol 28 6 603 8 10.1097/01.coc.0000175291.51232.48
9. C Stava M Beck LT Weiss A Lopez R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2006 Health profiles of 996 melanoma survivors: the M. D. Anderson experience BMC Cancer 6 95 10.1186/1471-2407-6-95
10. C Stava LT Weiss R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2006 Health profiles of 814 very long-term breast cancer survivors Clin Breast Cancer 7 3 228 36 10.3816/CBC.2006.n.034
11. CJ Stava A Lopez R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2006 Health profiles of younger and older breast cancer survivors Cancer 107 8 1752 9 10.1002/cncr.22200
12. C Stava M Beck L Feng A Lopez N Busaidy R Vassilopoulou-Sellin 2007 Diabetes mellitus among cancer survivors Journal of Cancer Survivorship 1 102 15
13. J Pfeilschifter IJ Diel 2000 Osteoporosis due to cancer treatment: pathogenesis and management J Clin Oncol 18 7 1570 93
14. FA Conde WJ Aronson 2003 Risk factors for male osteoporosis Urol Oncol 21 5 380 3 10.1016/S1078-1439(03) 00109-1
15. National Osteoporosis Foundation.Osteoporosis: Fast Facts. 2007; Available from: http://www.nof.org/osteoporosis/diseasefacts.htm.
16. LB Michaud S Goodin 2006 Cancer-treatment-induced bone loss, part 1 Am J Health-Sys Pharm 63 5 419 30 10.2146/ajhp050045.p1
17. World Health Organization.Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis: Report of a WHO Scientific Group (Technical Report Series 921). In A WHO Scientific Group on Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis. 2000. Geneva.
18. Yeung SC, Gagel RF. Endocrine complications. In: Holland JF, Bast Jr RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weischelbaum RR, editors. Cancer medicine. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker; 2000. p. 2389-98.
19. SC Yeung AC Chiu R Vassilopoulou-Sellin RF Gagel 1998 The endocrine effects of nonhormonal antineoplastic therapy Endocr Rev 19 2 144 72 10.1210/er.19.2.144
20. LH Aksnes OS Bruland 2007 Some musculo-skeletal sequelae in cancer survivors Acta Oncol (Stockholm, Sweden) 46 4 490 6
21. Ottery F. Issues in nutrition, weight and cancer. US Oncol Rev, 2005, 2004.
22. JR Center TV Nguyen D Schneider PN Sambrook JA Eisman 1999 Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study Lancet 353 9156 878 82 10.1016/S0140-6736(98) 09075-8
23. MI Hu RF Gagel C Jimenez 2007 Bone loss in patients with breast or prostate cancer Cur Osteoporos Rep 5 4 170 8
24. KN Weilbaecher 2000 Mechanisms of osteoporosis after hematopoietic cell transplantation Biol Blood Marrow Transplantation 6 2A 165 74 10.1016/S1083-8791(00)70039-5
25. F Albright P Smith AM Richardson 1941 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis JAMA 116 2465 74
26. C Miyaura 1994 Mechanism of bone resorption induced by estrogen deficiency J Bone and Miner Met 12 Suppl 2 S3 7 10.1007/BF02383388
27. HW Daniell 1997 Osteoporosis after orchiectomy for prostate cancer J Urol 157 2 439 44 10.1016/S0022-5347(01) 65165-6
28. J Bines DM Oleske MA Cobleigh 1996 Ovarian function in premenopausal women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer J Clin Oncol 14 5 1718 29
29. Meistrich ML, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Lipschultz L. Gonadal dysfunction: effects of cytotoxic agents on adult men. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, editors. Cancer: principles & practice of oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkin; 1997. p. 2758-73.
30. C Bokemeyer CC Berger MA Kuczyk HJ Schmoll 1996 Evaluation of long-term toxicity after chemotherapy for testicular cancer J Clin Oncol 14 11 2923 32
31. PF Collet-Solberg H Sernyak M Satin-Smith LL Katz L Sutton P Molloy 1997 Endocrine outcome in long-term survivors of low-grade hypothalamic/chiasmatic glioma Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 47 1 79 85 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.2211032.x (Pubitemid 27313992)
32. M Brydoy SD Fossa O Dahl T Bjoro 2007 Gonadal dysfunction and fertility problems in cancer survivors Acta Oncol (Stockholm, Sweden) 46 4 480 9 10.1080/02841860601166958
33. EA Livesey CG Brook 1988 Gonadal dysfunction after treatment of intracranial tumours Arch Dis Child 63 5 495 500 10.1136/adc.63.5.495 (Pubitemid 18119501)
34. HW Daniell JC Clark SE Pereira ZA Niazi DW Ferguson SR Dunn 2001 Hypogonadism following prostate-bed radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma Cancer 91 10 1889 95 10.1002/1097-0142(20010515) 91:10<1889::AID- CNCR1211>3.0.CO;2-U
35. S Howell S Shalet 1998 Gonadal damage from chemotherapy and radiotherapy Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 27 4 927 43 10.1016/S0889-8529(05) 70048-7
36. PW Grigsby CA Perez 1986 The effects of external beam radiotherapy on endocrine function in patients with carcinoma of the prostate J Urol 135 4 726 7
37. D Goldray Y Weisman N Jaccard C Merdler J Chen H Matzkin 1993 Decreased bone density in elderly men treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist decapeptyl (D-Trp6-GnRH) J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 2 288 90 10.1210/jc.76.2.288
38. TJ Garrett LT Vahdat DW Kinne 1997 Systemic adjuvant therapy of breast cancer J Surg Oncol; 64 2 167 72 10.1002/(SICI) 1096-9098(199702) 64:2<167::AID-JSO16>3.0.CO;2-3
39. JT Wei M Gross CA Jaffe K Gravlin M Lahaie GJ Faerber 1999 Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer results in significant loss of bone density Urology 54 4 607 11 10.1016/S0090-4295(99) 00301-5
40. S Basaria J Lieb AM Tang T DeWeese M Carducci M Eisenberger 2002 Long-term effects of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 56 6 779 86 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01551.x
41. D Mittan S Lee E Miller RC Perez JW Basler JM Bruder 2002 Bone loss following hypogonadism in men with prostate cancer treated with GnRH analogs J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 8 3656 61 10.1210/jc.87.8.3656
42. A Manni R Santen H Harvey A Lipton D Max 1986 Treatment of breast cancer with gonadotropin-releasing hormone Endocr Rev 7 1 89 94 10.1210/edrv-7-1-89
43. TJ Allain 2006 Prostate cancer, osteoporosis and fracture risk Gerontology 52 2 107 10 10.1159/000090956
44. TH Diamond CS Higano MR Smith TA Guise FR Singer 2004 Osteoporosis in men with prostate carcinoma receiving androgen-deprivation therapy: recommendations for diagnosis and therapies Cancer 100 5 892 9 10.1002/cncr.20056
45. VB Shahinian YF Kuo JL Freeman JS Goodwin 2005 Risk of fracture after androgen deprivation for prostate cancer N Engl J Med 352 2 154 64 10.1056/NEJMoa041943
46. JE Brown SP Ellis P Silcocks A Blumsohn SA Gutcher C Radstone 2006 Effect of chemotherapy on skeletal health in male survivors from testicular cancer and lymphoma Clin Cancer Res 12 21 6480 6 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1382
47. BJ Kiratli S Srinivas I Perkash MK Terris 2001 Progressive decrease in bone density over 10 years of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer Urology 57 1 127 32 10.1016/S0090-4295(00) 00895-5
48. MR Smith SP Boyce E Moyneur MS Duh MK Raut J Brandman 2006 Risk of clinical fractures after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy for prostate cancer J Urol 175 1 136 9 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00033-9 discussion 139
49. JF Maillefert J Sibilia F Michel C Saussine RM Javier C Tavernier 1999 Bone mineral density in men treated with synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for prostatic carcinoma J Urol 161 4 1219 22 10.1016/S0022-5347(01) 61639-2
50. DJ Holmes-Walker H Woo H Gurney VT Do DR Chipps 2006 Maintaining bone health in patients with prostate cancer Med J Aust 184 4 176 9
51. K Makita K Ishitani H Ohta F Horiguchi S Nozawa 2005 Long-term effects on bone mineral density and bone metabolism of 6 months' treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues in Japanese women: comparison of buserelin acetate with leuprolide acetate J Bone Miner Metab 23 5 389 94 10.1007/s00774-005-0618-3
52. N McLeod CC Huynh P Rashid 2006 Osteoporosis from androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer treatment Aust Fam Physician 35 4 243 5
53. B Ramaswamy CL Shapiro 2003 Osteopenia and osteoporosis in women with breast cancer Semin Oncol 30 6 763 75 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.028
54. BA Mincey MS Duh SK Thomas E Moyneur M Marynchencko SP Boyce 2006 Risk of cancer treatment-associated bone loss and fractures among women with breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitors Clin Breast Cancer 7 2 127 32 10.3816/CBC.2006.n.021
55. TA Guise 2006 Bone loss and fracture risk associated with cancer therapy Oncologist 11 10 1121 31 10.1634/theoncologist.11-10-1121
56. EV McCloskey RA Hannon G Lakner WD Fraser G Clack A Miyamoto 2007 Effects of third generation aromatase inhibitors on bone health and other safety parameters: results of an open, randomised, multi-centre study of letrozole, exemestane and anastrozole in healthy postmenopausal women Eur J Cancer 43 17 2523 31 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.08.029
57. E Fontanges A Fontana P Delmas 2004 Osteoporosis and breast cancer Joint Bone Spine 71 2 102 10 10.1016/j.jbspin.2003.02.001
58. RR Love RB Mazess HS Barden S Epstein PA Newcomb VC Jordan 1992 Effects of tamoxifen on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with breast cancer N Engl J Med 326 13 852 6
59. TJ Powles T Hickish JA Kanis A Tidy S Ashley 1996 Effect of tamoxifen on bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women J Clin Oncol 14 1 78 84 (Pubitemid 26022463)
60. SK Shah GT Gecys 2006 Prednisone-induced osteoporosis: an overlooked and undertreated adverse effect J Am Osteopath Assoc 106 11 653 7
61. C Cooper C Coupland M Mitchell 1995 Rheumatoid arthritis, corticosteroid therapy and hip fracture Ann Rheum Dis 54 1 49 52 10.1136/ard.54.1.49
62. JD Adachi A Papaioannou 2001 Corticosteroid-Induced osteoporosis: detection and management Drug Saf 24 8 607 24 10.2165/00002018-200124080-00005
63. G Pearce DA Tabensky PD Delmas HW Baker E Seeman 1998 Corticosteroid-induced bone loss in men J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 3 801 6 10.1210/jc.83.3.801
64. AH Ragab RS Frech TJ Vietti 1970 Osteoporotic fractures secondary to methotrexate therapy of acute leukemia in remission Cancer 25 3 580 5 10.1002/1097-0142(197003) 25:3<580::AID-CNCR2820250313>3.0.CO;2-M
65. AM Schwartz JC Leonidas 1984 Methotrexate osteopathy Skeletal Radiol 11 1 13 6 10.1007/BF00361126
66. F Athanassiadou A Tragiannidis I Rousso G Katsos V Sidi T Papageorgiou 2006 Bone mineral density in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Turk J Pediatr 48 2 101 4
67. PM Crofton SF Ahmed JC Wade R Stephen MW Elmlinger MB Ranke 1998 Effects of intensive chemotherapy on bone and collagen turnover and the growth hormone axis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 9 3121 9 10.1210/jc.83.9.3121
68. RA Wermers DL Hurley AE Kearns 2004 Osteoporosis associated with megestrol acetate Mayo Clin Proc 79 12 1557 61 10.4065/79.12.1557
69. BL Van Leeuwen GJ Verkerke RM Hartel WJ Sluiter WA Kamps HW Jansen 2003 Chemotherapy decreases epiphyseal strength and increases bone fracture risk Clin Orthop Relat Res 413 243 54 10.1097/01.blo.0000073348.50837.f2
70. DD Von Hoff R Schilsky CM Reichert RL Reddick M Rozencweig RC Young 1979 Toxic effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in man Cancer Treat Rep 63 9-10 1527 31
71. JT Warner WD Evans DK Webb W Bell JW Gregory 1999 Relative osteopenia after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia Pediatr Res 45 4 Pt 1 544 51 10.1203/00006450-199904010-00014
72. TM Wang C Shih 1986 Study of histomorphometric changes of the mandibular condyles in neonatal and juvenile rats after administration of cyclophosphamide Acta Anat 127 2 93 9 10.1159/000146262
73. F Mwale I Ciobanu CN Demers J Antoniou S Heon N Servant 2005 Amifostine and dexrazoxane enhance the rapid loss of bone mass and further deterioration of vertebrae architecture in female rats Calcif Tissue Int 77 3 175 9 10.1007/s00223-004-0231-9
74. BL van Leeuwen R Hartel HW Jansen GJ Verkerke RP Veth WA Kamps 2004 Chemotherapy affects the pattern of failure after shear loading of the proximal tibial growth plate Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 124 8 503 6 10.1007/s00402-004-0732- z
75. JN Beresford GT Taylor JT Triffitt 1990 Interferons and bone. A comparison of the effects of interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma in cultures of human bone-derived cells and an osteosarcoma cell line Eur J Biochem 193 2 589 97 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19377.x
76. A Gur B Dikici K Nas M Bosnak K Haspolat AJ Sarac 2005 Bone mineral density and cytokine levels during interferon therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B: does interferon therapy prevent from osteoporosis? BMC Gastroenterol 5 30 10.1186/1471-230X-5-30
77. GR Goodman IR Dissanayake E Gorodetsky H Zhou YF Ma WS Jee 1999 Interferon-alpha, unlike interferon-gamma, does not cause bone loss in the rat Bone 25 4 459 63 10.1016/S8756-3282(99) 00182-9
78. JA Solis-Herruzo G Castellano I Fernandez R Munoz F Hawkins 2000 Decreased bone mineral density after therapy with alpha interferon in combination with ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C J Hepatol 33 5 812 7 10.1016/S0168-8278(00) 80314-1
79. JL Perez Castrillon M Cano-del Pozo S Sanz-Izquierdo J Velayos-Jimenez W Dib-Wobakin 2003 Bone mineral density in patients with multiple sclerosis: the effects of interferon Rev Neurol 36 10 901 3
80. T Lehmann C Beyeler B Lammle T Hunziker P Vock AJ Olah 1996 Severe osteoporosis due to systemic mast cell disease: successful treatment with interferon alpha-2B Br J Rheumatol 35 9 898 900 10.1093/rheumatology/35.9.898
81. A Waheed PA Kettl 2005 Low bone density with the use of valproate Gen Hosp Psychiatry 27 5 376 8 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.03.008
82. Y Sato I Kondo S Ishida H Motooka K Takayama Y Tomita 2001 Decreased bone mass and increased bone turnover with valproate therapy in adults with epilepsy Neurology 57 3 445 9
83. C Ecevit A Aydogan T Kavakli S Altinoz 2004 Effect of carbamazepine and valproate on bone mineral density Pediatr Neurol 31 4 279 82 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.03.021
84. RD Sheth CA Wesolowski JC Jacob S Penney GR Hobbs JE Riggs 1995 Effect of carbamazepine and valproate on bone mineral density J Pediatr 127 2 256 62 10.1016/S0022-3476(95) 70304-7
85. AM Cueto-Manzano S Konel AJ Hutchison V Crowley MW France AJ Freemont 1999 Bone loss in long-term renal transplantation: histopathology and densitometry analysis Kidney Int 55 5 2021 9 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00445.x
86. JM Stern KM Sullivan SM Ott K Seidel JC Fink G Longton 2001 Bone density loss after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective study Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 7 5 257 64 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11400947
87. PR Ebeling DM Thomas B Erbas JL Hopper J Szer AP Grigg 1999 Mechanisms of bone loss following allogeneic and autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation J Bone Miner Res 14 3 342 50 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.3.342
88. PN Sambrook 2000 Cyclosporine and bone mass Clin Exp Rheumatol 18 Suppl 21 S93 6
89. K Kerschan-Schindl M Mitterbauer W Fureder S Kudlacek S Grampp C Bieglmayer 2004 Bone metabolism in patients more than five years after bone marrow transplantation Bone Marrow Transplant 34 6 491 6 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704618
90. B Bannwarth 2007 Drug-induced musculoskeletal disorders Drug Saf 30 1 27 46 10.2165/00002018-200730010-00004 (Pubitemid 46072356)
91. HA Jackson AH Sheehan 2005 Effect of vitamin A on fracture risk Ann Pharmacother 39 12 2086 90 10.1345/aph.1G028
92. H Melhus K Michaelsson A Kindmark R Bergstrom L Holmberg H Mallmin 1998 Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture Ann Intern Med 129 10 770 8
93. H Saino T Matsuyama J Takada T Kaku S Ishii 1997 Long-term treatment of indomethacin reduces vertebral bone mass and strength in ovariectomized rats J Bone Miner Res 12 11 1844 50 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.11.1844
94. SB Goodman W Jiranek E Petrow AW Yasko 2007 The effects of medications on bone J Am Acad Orthop Surg 15 8 450 60
95. TP van Staa HG Leufkens C Cooper 2000 Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of fractures Bone 27 4 563 8 10.1016/S8756-3282(00) 00361-6
96. SK Kumaki 2001 H. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on osteoporosis J Jpn Assoc Rural Med 50 2 96 101
97. LD Carbone FA Tylavsky JA Cauley TB Harris TF Lang DC Bauer 2003 Association between bone mineral density and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin: impact of cyclooxygenase selectivity J Bone Miner Res 18 10 1795 802 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.10.1795
98. DC Bauer ES Orwoll KM Fox TM Vogt NE Lane MC Hochberg 1996 Aspirin and NSAID use in older women: effect on bone mineral density and fracture risk. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group J Bone Miner Res 11 1 29 35
99. T Taube T Kylmala C Lamberg-Allardt TL Tammela I Elomaa 1994 The effect of clodronate on bone in metastatic prostate cancer. Histomorphometric report of a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study Eur J Cancer 30A 6 751 8 10.1016/0959-8049(94) 90287-9
100. DL Citrin CB Wallemark R Nadler C Geiger K Tuttle EH Kaplan 1986 Estramustine affects bone mineral metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer Cancer 58 10 2208 13 10.1002/1097-0142(19861115) 58:10<2208::AID- CNCR2820581008gt;3.0.CO;2-A
101. Y Yamada S Takahashi T Fujimura H Nishimatsu A Ishikawa H Kume 2008 The effect of combined androgen blockade on bone turnover and bone mineral density in men with prostate cancer Osteoporos Int 19 3 321 7 10.1007/s00198-007-0472-3
102. Church DN, Hassan AB, Harper SJ, Wakeley CJ, Price CG. Osteomalacia as a late metabolic complication of Ifosfamide chemotherapy in young adults: illustrative cases and review of the literature. Sarcoma. 2007. 91586.
103. L Duck JP Devogelaer A Persu M Berliere E Caussin JF Baurain 2005 Osteomalacia due to chemotherapy-induced Fanconi syndrome in an adult patient Gynecol Oncol 98 2 329 31 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.05.014
104. PE Kintzel 2001 Anticancer drug-induced kidney disorders Drug Saf 24 1 19 38 10.2165/00002018-200124010-00003
105. DA Bluemke EK Fishman WW Scott Jr 1994 Skeletal complications of radiation therapy Radiographics 14 1 111 21
106. HJ Williams AM Davies 2006 The effect of X-rays on bone: a pictorial review Eur Radiol 16 3 619 33 10.1007/s00330-005-0010-7
107. JW Hopewell 2003 Radiation-therapy effects on bone density Med Pediatr Oncol 41 3 208 11 10.1002/mpo.10338
108. R Vassilopoulou-Sellin P Brosnan A Delpassand H Zietz MJ Klein N Jaffe 1999 Osteopenia in young adult survivors of childhood cancer Med Pediatr Oncol 32 4 272 8 10.1002/(SICI) 1096-911X(199904) 32:4<272::AID-MPO6>3. 0.CO;2-G
109. RA Adler 2007 Cancer treatment-induced bone loss Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 14 6 442 5
110. MJ Mitchell PM Logan 1998 Radiation-induced changes in bone Radiographics 18 5 1125 36 quiz 1242-3
111. A Hirbe EA Morgan O Uluckan K Weilbaecher 2006 Skeletal complications of breast cancer therapies Clin Cancer Res 12 20 Pt 2 6309s 14 10.1158/1078-0432. CCR-06-0652
112. RB Iyer HI Libshitz 1997 Late sequelae after radiation therapy for breast cancer: imaging findings AJR Am J Roentgenol 168 5 1335 8
113. SM Pierce A Recht TI Lingos A Abner F Vicini B Silver 1992 Long-term radiation complications following conservative surgery (CS) and radiation therapy (RT) in patients with early stage breast cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23 5 915 23
114. M Overgaard 1988 Spontaneous radiation-induced rib fractures in breast cancer patients treated with postmastectomy irradiation. A clinical radiobiological analysis of the influence of fraction size and dose-response relationships on late bone damage Acta Oncol (Stockholm, Sweden) 27 2 117 22 10.3109/02841868809090331
115. M Bonfiglio 1953 The pathology of fracture of the femoral neck following irradiation Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 70 3 449 59
116. HI Libshitz BS Edeiken 1981 Radiotherapy changes of the pediatric hip AJR Am J Roentgenol 137 3 585 8
117. RB Iyer A Jhingran H Sawaf HI Libshitz 2001 Imaging findings after radiotherapy to the pelvis AJR Am J Roentgenol 177 5 1083 9
118. BL van Leeuwen WA Kamps HW Jansen HJ Hoekstra 2000 The effect of chemotherapy on the growing skeleton Cancer Treat Rev 26 5 363 76 10.1053/ctrv.2000.0180
119. Z Chen M Maricic TL Bassford M Pettinger C Ritenbaugh AM Lopez 2005 Fracture risk among breast cancer survivors: results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study Arch Intern Med 165 5 552 8 10.1001/archinte.165. 5.552
120. MF Holick 2005 The vitamin D epidemic and its health consequences J Nutr 135 11 2739S 48
121. MF Holick 2007 Vitamin D deficiency N Engl J Med 357 3 266 81 10.1056/NEJMra070553
122. IR Reid 2000 Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 14 2 279 98 10.1053/beem.2000.0074
123. R Ria AM Scarponi F Falzetti S Ballanti M Di Ianni P Sportoletti 2007 Loss of bone mineral density and secondary hyperparathyroidism are complications of autologous stem cell transplantation Leuk Lymphoma 48 5 923 30 10.1080/10428190701268775
124. J Heaf E Tvedegaard IL Kanstrup N Fogh-Andersen 2003 Hyperparathyroidism and long-term bone loss after renal transplantation Clin Transpl 17 3 268 74 10.1034/j.1399-0012.2003.00047.x
125. CA Kulak VZ Borba J Kulak Junior E Shane 2006 Transplantation osteoporosis Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 50 4 783 92 10.1590/S0004- 27302006000400023
126. IB Rosen HG Strawbridge J Bain 1975 A case of hyperparathyroidism associated with radiation to the head and neck area Cancer 36 3 1111 4 10.1002/1097-0142(197509) 36:3<1111::AID-CNCR2820360341>3.0.CO;2-9
127. TJ Christmas CR Chapple JG Noble EJ Milroy AG Cowie 1988 Hyperparathyroidism after neck irradiation Br J Surg 75 9 873 4 10.1002/bjs.1800750914
128. G Ippolito FF Palazzo F Sebag JF Henry 2007 Long-term follow-up after parathyroidectomy for radiation-induced hyperparathyroidism Surgery 142 6 819 22 discussion 822 e1
129. B Kalaghchi SA Brietzke AJ Drake 3rd KM Shakir 2003 Effects of prior neck radiation therapy on clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism and associated thyroid tumors Endocr Pract 9 5 353 62
130. PT Alpert U Shaikh 2007 The effects of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency on the endocrine and paracrine systems Biol Res Nurs 9 2 117 29 10.1177/1099800407308057
131. F Bandeira L Griz P Dreyer C Eufrazino C Bandeira E Freese 2006 Vitamin D deficiency: A global perspective Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 50 4 640 6
132. MR Baker H McDonnell M Peacock BE Nordin 1979 Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in patients with fractures of the femoral neck Br Med J 1 6163 589 (Pubitemid 9119371)
133. MF Holick ES Siris N Binkley MK Beard A Khan JT Katzer 2005 Prevalence of Vitamin D inadequacy among postmenopausal North American women receiving osteoporosis therapy J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 6 3215 24 10.1210/jc.2004-2364
134. Y Kinoshita K Masuoka S Miyakoshi S Taniguchi Y Takeuchi 2008 Vitamin D insufficiency underlies unexpected hypocalcemia following high dose glucocorticoid therapy Bone 42 1 226 8 10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.042
135. VC Cohran M Griffiths JE Heubi 2008 Bone mineral density in children exposed to chronic glucocorticoid therapy Clin Pediatr 47 5 469 75 10.1177/0009922807311732
136. E Berman M Nicolaides RG Maki M Fleisher S Chanel K Scheu 2006 Altered bone and mineral metabolism in patients receiving imatinib mesylate N Engl J Med 354 19 2006 13 10.1056/NEJMoa051140
137. A Grey S O'Sullivan IR Reid P Browett 2006 Imatinib mesylate, increased bone formation, and secondary hyperparathyroidism N Engl J Med 355 23 2494 5 10.1056/NEJMc062388
138. S Osorio AG Noblejas A Duran JL Steegmann 2007 Imatinib mesylate induces hypophosphatemia in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in late chronic phase, and this effect is associated with response Am J Hematol 82 5 394 5 10.1002/ajh.20778
139. EP Rock V Goodman JX Jiang K Mahjoob SL Verbois D Morse 2007 Food and Drug Administration drug approval summary: Sunitinib malate for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and advanced renal cell carcinoma Oncologist 12 1 107 13 10.1634/theoncologist.12-1-107
140. RC Kane AT Farrell H Saber S Tang G Williams JM Jee 2006 Sorafenib for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma Clin Cancer Res 12 24 7271 8 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1249
141. JT Heiskanen H Kroger M Paakkonen MT Parviainen C Lamberg-Allardt E Alhava 2001 Bone mineral metabolism after total gastrectomy Bone 28 1 123 7 10.1016/S8756-3282(00) 00404-X
142. TT Zittel B Zeeb GW Maier GW Kaiser M Zwirner H Liebich 1997 High prevalence of bone disorders after gastrectomy Am J Surg 174 4 431 8 10.1016/S0002-9610(97) 00123-2
143. C von Tirpitz M Reinshagen 2003 Management of osteoporosis in patients with gastrointestinal diseases Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15 8 869 76 10.1097/00042737-200308000-00006
144. M Imawari K Kozawa Y Akanuma S Koizumi H Itakura K Kosaka 1980 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein levels and mineral metabolism after partial and total gastrectomy Gastroenterology 79 2 255 8
145. S Bisballe EF Eriksen F Melsen L Mosekilde OH Sorensen I Hessov 1991 Osteopenia and osteomalacia after gastrectomy: interrelations between biochemical markers of bone remodelling, vitamin D metabolites, and bone histomorphometry Gut 32 11 1303 7 10.1136/gut.32.11.1303
146. EC Naliato ML Farias GR Braucks FS Costa D Zylberberg AH Violante 2005 Prevalence of osteopenia in men with prolactinoma J Endocrinol Invest 28 1 12 7
147. JS Lim SB Kim HY Bang GJ Cheon JI Lee 2007 High prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma following gastrectomy World J Gastroenterol 13 48 6492 7 10.3748/wjg.13.6492
148. P Vartej C Poiana I Vartej 2001 Effects of hyperprolactinemia on osteoporotic fracture risk in premenopausal women Gynecol Endocrinol 15 1 43 7 10.1080/713602650
149. Shibli-Rahhal A, Schlechte J. The effects of hyperprolactinemia on bone and fat. Pituitary. 2008.
150. LS Constine P Rubin PD Woolf K Doane CM Lush 1987 Hyperprolactinemia and hypothyroidism following cytotoxic therapy for central nervous system malignancies J Clin Oncol 5 11 1841 51
151. B Zadrozna-Sliwka M Bolanowski M Kaluzny J Syrycka 2007 Bone mineral density and bone turnover in hyperprolactinaemia of various origins Endokrynol Pol 58 2 116 22
152. CA Sklar LS Constine 1995 Chronic neuroendocrinological sequelae of radiation therapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31 5 1113 21 10.1016/0360- 3016(94) 00427-M
153. KH Darzy SM Shalet 2005 Hypopituitarism as a consequence of brain tumours and radiotherapy Pituitary 8 3-4 203 11 10.1007/s11102-006-6042-4