Probing flow velocity with silicon nanowire sensors

Nano Letters

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1984-1988

  Kim, Dong Rip ^a   Lee, Chi Hwan ^a   Zheng, Xiaolin ^a  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYTES; COUNTERIONS; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYERS; ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION; IONIC PROPERTIES; IONIC TRANSPORTS; MICROFLUIDIC CHANNEL; NANOWIRE FET; NEW APPLICATIONS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SILICA SUBSTRATE; SILICON NANOWIRES; STREAMING POTENTIAL; VELOCITY SENSING;

ACOUSTIC STREAMING; ELECTRIC WIRE; ELECTROLYTIC ANALYSIS; FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS; FLOW VELOCITY; FLUIDIC DEVICES; IONIC CONDUCTION; MESFET DEVICES; MICROFLUIDICS; NANOSENSORS; NANOWIRES; SILICA; VELOCITY;

IONIC STRENGTH;

EID: 66449122140     PISSN: 15306984     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nl900238a     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Schoch, R. B.; Han, J. Y.; Renaud, P. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2008, 80 (3), 839-883.
2. Cui, Y.; Wei, Q. Q.; Park, H. K.; Lieber, C. M. Science 2001, 293 (5533), 1289-1292.
3. Hahm, J.; Lieber, C. M. Nano Lett. 2004, 4 (1), 51-54.
4. Patolsky, F.; Zheng, G. F.; Hayden, O.; Lakadamyali, M.; Zhuang, X. W.; Lieber, C. M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101 (39), 14017-14022.
5. Patolsky, F.; Zheng, G.; Lieber, C. M. Nanomedicine 2006, 1 (1), 51-65.
6. Patolsky, F.; Lieber, C. M. Mater. Today 2005, 8 (5), 20-28.
7. Stern, E.; Klemic, J. F.; Routenberg, D. A.; Wyrembak, P. N.; Turner- Evans, D. B.; Hamilton, A. D.; LaVan, D. A.; Fahmy, T. M.; Reed, M. A. Nature 2007, 445 (7127), 519-522.
8. Patolsky, F.; Zheng, G. F.; Lieber, C. M. Nat. Protoc. 2006, 1 (4), 1711-1724.
9. Nair, P. R.; Alam, M. A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88 (23), 233120.
10. Squires, T. M.; Messinger, R. J.; Manalis, S. R. Nat. Biotechnol. 2008, 26 (4), 417-426.
11. Kim, D. R.; Zheng, X. L. Nano Lett. 2008, 8 (10), 3233-3237.
12. Shinwari, M. W.; Deen, M. J.; Landheer, D. Micmelecton. Reliab. 2007, 47 (12), 2025-2057.
13. Minot, E. D.; Janssens, A. M.; Heller, I.; Heering, H. A.; Dekker, C.; Lemay, S. G. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91 (9), 093507.
14. Polk, B. J.; Stelzenmuller, A.; Mijares, G.; MacCrehan, W.; Gaitan, M. Sens. Actuators, B 2006, 114 (1), 239-247.
15. Wagner, R. S.; Ellis, W. C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1964, 4 (5), 89-90.
16. Cui, Y.; Lauhon, L. J.; Gudiksen, M. S.; Wang, J. F.; Lieber, C. M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78 (15), 2214-2216.
17. 3. The growth time was 15 min.
18. Devices were fabricated on degenerately doped silicon wafers with 500 nm thermally grown oxides. SiNWs suspended in an ethanol solution were deposited onto the silicon substrate, and the source and drain electrodes were defined by photolithography, metallization of Ti/Pd (2 nm/50 nm) by an electron beam evaporator, and lift-off. The devices were further passivated by 2 of SU-8 (Microchem Corp.) with a second photolithography step.
19. Kirby, B. J.; Hasselbrink, E. F. Electrophoresis 2004, 25 (2), 187-202.
20. van der Heyden, F. H. J.; Stein, D.; Dekker, C. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95 (11), 116104.
21. Mansouri, A.; Scheuerman, C.; Bhattacharjee, S.; Kwok, D. Y.; Kostiuk, L. W. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2005, 292 (2), 567-580.
22. Vanwagenen, R. A.; Andrade, J. D. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1980, 76 (2), 305-314.
23. Chun, M. S.; Lee, T. S.; Choi, N. W. J. Micromech. Microeng. 2005, 15 (4), 710-719.
24. Burgreen, D.; Nakache, F. R. J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68 (5), 1084-1091.
25. Bourlon, B.; Wong, J.; Miko, C.; Forro, L.; Bockrath, M. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2 (2), 104-107.
26. Probstein, R. F. Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, 2nd ed.; Wiley Interscience: New York, 2003.
27. -3).
28. Cheng, Y.; Yun, C. S.; Strouse, G. F.; Zheng, J. P.; Yang, R. S.; Wang, Z. L. Nano Lett. 2008, 8 (12), 4179-4184.
29. 2+(aq)] (see refs 30 and 31). Amphipro- tic solvents can also accept or donate protons if the system contains other proton donors/acceptors, such as the silica surface (Si-OH) or impurities like water (see refs 32 and 33). The existence of ions in ethanol is supported by the fact that the zeta potential of silica surface in ethanol was measured to be -72.6 mV (see ref 34). Moreover, streaming potential has been measured in ethanol and the reported streaming potential in ethanol was 2.4 times higher than that in water (see ref 35).
30. Letcher, T. M., Developments and Applications in Solubility; Royal Society of Chemistry: London, 2007.
31. Kim, D.; Posner, J. D.; Santiago, J. G. Sens. Actuators, A 2008, 141 (1), 201-212.
32. Sharp, K. G. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1994, 2, 35-41.
33. Kilic, E.; Aslan, N. Microchim. Acta 2005, 151, 89-92.
34. Valko, I. E.; Siren, H.; Riekkola, M. L. J. Microcolumn Sep. 1999, 11 (3), 199-208.
35. Caldwell, K. D.; Myers, M. N. Anal. Chem. 1986, 58 (7), 1583-1585.