메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 2074-2083

Photon beam dosimetry in the superficial buildup region using radiochromic EBT film stack

Author keywords

Beam profile; Buildup region; Depth dose; Radiochromic film dosimetry; Superficial dose

Indexed keywords

DOSIMETRY; PHOTOELECTRONS; PHOTONS; PIXELS;

EID: 66449083249     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.3125134     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 50449083499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerator beam data commissioning equipment and procedures: Report of the TG-106 of the Therapy Physics Committee of the AAPM
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2969070
    • I. J. Das, C. -W. Cheng, R. J. Watts, A. Ahnesjö, J. Gibbons, X. A. Li, J. Lowenstein, R. K. Mitra, W. E. Simon, and T. C. Zhu, " Accelerator beam data commissioning equipment and procedures: Report of the TG-106 of the Therapy Physics Committee of the AAPM.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 35, 4186-4215 (2008). 10.1118/1.2969070
    • (2008) Med. Phys. , vol.35 , pp. 4186-4215
    • Das, I.J.1    Cheng, C.-W.2    Watts, R.J.3    Ahnesjö, A.4    Gibbons, J.5    Li, X.A.6    Lowenstein, J.7    Mitra, R.K.8    Simon, W.E.9    Zhu, T.C.10
  • 2
    • 0022578185 scopus 로고
    • Buildup/surface dose and exit dose measurements for a 6-MV linear accelerator
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.595908
    • J. A. Purdy, " Buildup/surface dose and exit dose measurements for a 6-MV linear accelerator.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 13, 259-262 (1986). 10.1118/1.595908
    • (1986) Med. Phys. , vol.13 , pp. 259-262
    • Purdy, J.A.1
  • 3
    • 0025021187 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of dose in the buildup region using fixed-separation plane-parallel ionization chambers
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.596522
    • B. J. Gerbi and F. M. Khan, " Measurement of dose in the buildup region using fixed-separation plane-parallel ionization chambers.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 17, 17-26 (1990). 10.1118/1.596522
    • (1990) Med. Phys. , vol.17 , pp. 17-26
    • Gerbi, B.J.1    Khan, F.M.2
  • 4
    • 0026695986 scopus 로고
    • Design of parallel plate ion chambers for buildup measurements in megavoltage photon beams
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.596896
    • J. A. Rawlinson, D. Arlen, and D. Newcombe, " Design of parallel plate ion chambers for buildup measurements in megavoltage photon beams.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 19, 641-648 (1992). 10.1118/1.596896
    • (1992) Med. Phys. , vol.19 , pp. 641-648
    • Rawlinson, J.A.1    Arlen, D.2    Newcombe, D.3
  • 5
    • 0027172666 scopus 로고
    • X-ray surface dose measurement using TLD extrapolation
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.597019
    • T. Kron, A. Elliot, T. Wong, G. Showell, B. Clubb, and P. Metcalfe, " X-ray surface dose measurement using TLD extrapolation.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 20, 703-711 (1993). 10.1118/1.597019
    • (1993) Med. Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 703-711
    • Kron, T.1    Elliot, A.2    Wong, T.3    Showell, G.4    Clubb, B.5    Metcalfe, P.6
  • 7
    • 0028934446 scopus 로고
    • Doses near the surface in high-energy x-ray beams
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.597477
    • B. E. Bjarngard, P. Vadash, and T. Zhu, " Doses near the surface in high-energy x-ray beams.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 22, 465-468 (1995). 10.1118/1.597477
    • (1995) Med. Phys. , vol.22 , pp. 465-468
    • Bjarngard, B.E.1    Vadash, P.2    Zhu, T.3
  • 8
    • 0029127697 scopus 로고
    • Dose behind various immobilization and beam-modifying devices
    • 0360-3016,. 10.1016/0360-3016(94)00371-Q
    • D. E. Mellenberg, " Dose behind various immobilization and beam-modifying devices.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 0360-3016 32, 1193-1197 (1995). 10.1016/0360-3016(94)00371-Q
    • (1995) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 1193-1197
    • Mellenberg, D.E.1
  • 9
    • 0031830589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photon beam skin dose analyses for different clinical setups
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.598261
    • S. Kim, C. R. Liu, T. C. Zhu, and J. R. Palta, " Photon beam skin dose analyses for different clinical setups.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 25, 860-866 (1998). 10.1118/1.598261
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 860-866
    • Kim, S.1    Liu, C.R.2    Zhu, T.C.3    Palta, J.R.4
  • 10
    • 0033015509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapolated surface dose measurements with radiochromic film
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.598539
    • M. J. Butson, P. K. N. Yu, and P. E. Metcalfe, " Extrapolated surface dose measurements with radiochromic film.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 26, 485-488 (1999). 10.1118/1.598539
    • (1999) Med. Phys. , vol.26 , pp. 485-488
    • Butson, M.J.1    Yu, P.K.N.2    Metcalfe, P.E.3
  • 11
    • 0042132026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in skin dose using 6MV or 18MV x-ray beams
    • 0158-9938.
    • P. K. N. Yu, T. Cheung, and M. J. Butson, " Variations in skin dose using 6MV or 18MV x-ray beams.," Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 0158-9938 26, 78-80 (2003).
    • (2003) Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 78-80
    • Yu, P.K.N.1    Cheung, T.2    Butson, M.J.3
  • 12
    • 85027732547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of immobilization mask material on surface dose
    • 1526-9914,. 10.1120/jacm2023.25317
    • S. W. Hadley, R. Kelly, and K. Lam, " Effects of immobilization mask material on surface dose.," J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys. 1526-9914 6, 1-7 (2005). 10.1120/jacmp.2023.25317
    • (2005) J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 1-7
    • Hadley, S.W.1    Kelly, R.2    Lam, K.3
  • 14
    • 36049042033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Megavoltage x-ray skin dose variation with an angle using grid carbon fibre couch tops
    • 0031-9155,. 10.1088/0031-9155/52/20/N03
    • M. J. Butson, T. Cheung, and P. K. N. Yu, " Megavoltage x-ray skin dose variation with an angle using grid carbon fibre couch tops.," Phys. Med. Biol. 0031-9155 52, N485-N492 (2007). 10.1088/0031-9155/52/20/N03
    • (2007) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.52
    • Butson, M.J.1    Cheung, T.2    Yu, P.K.N.3
  • 15
    • 0034961188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin dose measurement by using ultra-thin TLDs
    • 0969-8043,. 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00082-3
    • J. -P. Lin, T. -C. Chu, S. -Y. Lin, and M. -T. Liu, " Skin dose measurement by using ultra-thin TLDs.," Appl. Radiat. Isot. 0969-8043 55, 383-391 (2001). 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00082-3
    • (2001) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.55 , pp. 383-391
    • Lin, J.-P.1    Chu, T.-C.2    Lin, S.-Y.3    Liu, M.-T.4
  • 16
    • 0036146952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in skin dose associated with linac bed material at 6 MV x-ray energy
    • 0031-9155.
    • M. J. Butson, T. Cheung, P. K. N. Yu, and B. Webb, " Variations in skin dose associated with linac bed material at 6 MV x-ray energy.," Phys. Med. Biol. 0031-9155 47, N25-N30 (2002).
    • (2002) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.47
    • Butson, M.J.1    Cheung, T.2    Yu, P.K.N.3    Webb, B.4
  • 18
    • 0036680325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin toxicity due to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck carcinoma
    • 0360-3016,. 10.1016/S0360-3016(02)02859-6
    • N. Lee, C. Chuang, J. M. Quivey, T. L. Phillips, P. Akazawa, L. J. Verhey, and P. Xia, " Skin toxicity due to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck carcinoma.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 0360-3016 53, 630-637 (2002). 10.1016/S0360-3016(02)02859-6
    • (2002) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.53 , pp. 630-637
    • Lee, N.1    Chuang, C.2    Quivey, J.M.3    Phillips, T.L.4    Akazawa, P.5    Verhey, L.J.6    Xia, P.7
  • 19
    • 0347625752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface and build-up region dosimetry for obliquely incident intensity modulated radiotherapy 6 MV x rays
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.1625116
    • N. Dogan and G. P. Glasgow, " Surface and build-up region dosimetry for obliquely incident intensity modulated radiotherapy 6 MV x rays.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 30, 3091-3096 (2003). 10.1118/1.1625116
    • (2003) Med. Phys. , vol.30 , pp. 3091-3096
    • Dogan, N.1    Glasgow, G.P.2
  • 20
    • 23944493580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of surface and build-up region dose for intensity-modulated radiation therapy in head and neck cancer
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.1992067
    • H. Chung, H. Jin, J. F. Dempsey, C. Liu, J. Palta, T. -S. Suh, and S. Kim, " Evaluation of surface and build-up region dose for intensity-modulated radiation therapy in head and neck cancer.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 32, 2682-2689 (2005). 10.1118/1.1992067
    • (2005) Med. Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 2682-2689
    • Chung, H.1    Jin, H.2    Dempsey, J.F.3    Liu, C.4    Palta, J.5    Suh, T.-S.6    Kim, S.7
  • 21
    • 0033983125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superficial doses from serial tomotherapy delivery
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.598880
    • S. Mutic and D. A. Low, " Superficial doses from serial tomotherapy delivery.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 27, 163-165 (2000). 10.1118/1.598880
    • (2000) Med. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 163-165
    • Mutic, S.1    Low, D.A.2
  • 23
    • 0033853810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of radiotherapy x-ray skin dose on a chest wall phantom
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.599035
    • K. Y. Quach, J. Morales, M. J. Butson, A. B. Rosenfeld, and P. E. Metcalfe, " Measurement of radiotherapy x-ray skin dose on a chest wall phantom.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 27, 1676-1680 (2000). 10.1118/1.599035
    • (2000) Med. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 1676-1680
    • Quach, K.Y.1    Morales, J.2    Butson, M.J.3    Rosenfeld, A.B.4    Metcalfe, P.E.5
  • 24
    • 1242293824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verification of Ir-192 near-source dosimetry using GAFCHROMIC film
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.1637733
    • S. Chiu-Tsao, T. L. Duckworth, N. S. Patel, J. Pisch, and L. B. Harrison, " Verification of Ir-192 near-source dosimetry using GAFCHROMIC film.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 31, 201-207 (2004). 10.1118/1.1637733
    • (2004) Med. Phys. , vol.31 , pp. 201-207
    • Chiu-Tsao, S.1    Duckworth, T.L.2    Patel, N.S.3    Pisch, J.4    Harrison, L.B.5
  • 25
    • 33749829646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New developments in radiochromic film dosimetry
    • 0144-8420,. 10.1093/rpd/nci698
    • C. Soares, " New developments in radiochromic film dosimetry.," Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 0144-8420 120, 100-106 (2006). 10.1093/rpd/nci698
    • (2006) Radiat. Prot. Dosim. , vol.120 , pp. 100-106
    • Soares, C.1
  • 26
    • 35648949373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose calculation formalisms and consensus dosimetry parameters for intravascular brachytherapy dosimetry: Recommendations of the AAPM Therapy Physics Committee Task Group No. 149
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2767184
    • S. Chiu-Tsao, D. R. Schaart, C. G. Soares, and R. Nath, " Dose calculation formalisms and consensus dosimetry parameters for intravascular brachytherapy dosimetry: Recommendations of the AAPM Therapy Physics Committee Task Group No. 149.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 34, 4126-4157 (2007). 10.1118/1.2767184
    • (2007) Med. Phys. , vol.34 , pp. 4126-4157
    • Chiu-Tsao, S.1    Schaart, D.R.2    Soares, C.G.3    Nath, R.4
  • 28
    • 33746611132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of high energy x-ray beam penumbra with Gafchromic EBT radiochromic film
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2218318
    • T. Cheung, M. J. Butson, and P. K. N. Yu, " Measurement of high energy x-ray beam penumbra with Gafchromic EBT radiochromic film.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 33, 2912-2914 (2006). 10.1118/1.2218318
    • (2006) Med. Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 2912-2914
    • Cheung, T.1    Butson, M.J.2    Yu, P.K.N.3
  • 29
    • 33845337095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosimetric characterization of a novel intracavitary mold applicator for i 192 r high dose rate endorectal brachytherapy treatment
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2364054
    • E. Poon, B. Reniers, S. Devic, T. Vuong, and F. Verhaegen, " Dosimetric characterization of a novel intracavitary mold applicator for I 192 r high dose rate endorectal brachytherapy treatment.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 33, 4515-4526 (2006). 10.1118/1.2364054
    • (2006) Med. Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 4515-4526
    • Poon, E.1    Reniers, B.2    Devic, S.3    Vuong, T.4    Verhaegen, F.5
  • 30
    • 33750544711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of EBT model Gafchromic film in radiotherapy
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2362876
    • C. Fiandra, U. Ricardi, R. Ragona, A. Anglesio, F. R. Giglioli, E. Calamis, and F. Lucio, " Clinical use of EBT model Gafchromic film in radiotherapy.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 33, 4314-4319 (2006). 10.1118/1.2362876
    • (2006) Med. Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 4314-4319
    • Fiandra, C.1    Ricardi, U.2    Ragona, R.3    Anglesio, A.4    Giglioli, F.R.5    Calamis, E.6    Lucio, F.7
  • 31
    • 33646461862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of GafChromic EBT prototype B for external beam dose verification
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2188077
    • M. Todorovic, M. Fischer, F. Cremers, E. Thom, and R. Schmidt, " Evaluation of GafChromic EBT prototype B for external beam dose verification.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 33, 1321-1328 (2006). 10.1118/1.2188077
    • (2006) Med. Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 1321-1328
    • Todorovic, M.1    Fischer, M.2    Cremers, F.3    Thom, E.4    Schmidt, R.5
  • 32
    • 33845931294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the Epson Expression 1680 flatbed and the Vidar VXR-16 Dosimetry PRO film scanners for use in IMRT dosimetry using Gafchromic and radiographic film
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2402584
    • E. Wilcox, G. Daskalov, and L. Nedialkova, " Comparison of the Epson Expression 1680 flatbed and the Vidar VXR-16 Dosimetry PRO film scanners for use in IMRT dosimetry using Gafchromic and radiographic film.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 34, 41-48 (2007). 10.1118/1.2402584
    • (2007) Med. Phys. , vol.34 , pp. 41-48
    • Wilcox, E.1    Daskalov, G.2    Nedialkova, L.3
  • 33
    • 34548230379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosimetry characteristics of GAFCHROMIC EBT film responding to therapeutic electron beams
    • 0969-8043,. 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.05.005
    • F. -C. Su, Y. Liu, S. Stathakis, C. Shi, C. Esquivel, and N. Papanikolaou, " Dosimetry characteristics of GAFCHROMIC EBT film responding to therapeutic electron beams.," Appl. Radiat. Isot. 0969-8043 65, 1187-1192 (2007). 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.05.005
    • (2007) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.65 , pp. 1187-1192
    • Su, F.-C.1    Liu, Y.2    Stathakis, S.3    Shi, C.4    Esquivel, C.5    Papanikolaou, N.6
  • 34
    • 34447321620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of GAFCHROMIC EBT film for CyberKnife dosimetry
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2734384
    • E. Wilcox and G. M. Daskalov, " Evaluation of GAFCHROMIC EBT film for CyberKnife dosimetry.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 34, 1967-1974 (2007). 10.1118/1.2734384
    • (2007) Med. Phys. , vol.34 , pp. 1967-1974
    • Wilcox, E.1    Daskalov, G.M.2
  • 35
    • 38849173037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate dosimetry with GafChromic EBT film of a 6 MV photon beam in water: What level is achievable?
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2828196
    • L. J. van Battum, D. Hoffmans, H. Piersma, and S. Heukelom, " Accurate dosimetry with GafChromic EBT film of a 6 MV photon beam in water: What level is achievable?," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 35, 704-716 (2008). 10.1118/1.2828196
    • (2008) Med. Phys. , vol.35 , pp. 704-716
    • Van Battum, L.J.1    Hoffmans, D.2    Piersma, H.3    Heukelom, S.4
  • 36
    • 48349092548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of new GAFCHROMIC EBT film for i 125 seed dosimetry in Solid Water phantom
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2955746
    • S. Chiu-Tsao, D. Medich, and J. Munro III, " The use of new GAFCHROMIC EBT film for I 125 seed dosimetry in Solid Water phantom.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 35, 3787-3799 (2008). 10.1118/1.2955746
    • (2008) Med. Phys. , vol.35 , pp. 3787-3799
    • Chiu-Tsao, S.1    Medich, D.2    Iii, M.J.3
  • 37
    • 28044452190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy dependence of response of new high sensitivity radiochromic films for megavoltage and kilovoltage radiation energies
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2065467
    • S. Chiu-Tsao, Y. Ho, R. Shank, L. Wang, and L. B. Harrison, " Energy dependence of response of new high sensitivity radiochromic films for megavoltage and kilovoltage radiation energies.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 32, 3350-3354 (2005). 10.1118/1.2065467
    • (2005) Med. Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 3350-3354
    • Chiu-Tsao, S.1    Ho, Y.2    Shank, R.3    Wang, L.4    Harrison, L.B.5
  • 38
    • 27644471150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak energy dependence of EBT Gafchromic TM film dose response in the 50 kVp-10 MVp x-ray range
    • 0969-8043,. 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.07.002
    • M. J. Butson, T. Cheung, and P. K. N. Yu, " Weak energy dependence of EBT Gafchromic TM film dose response in the 50 kVp-10 MVp x-ray range.," Appl. Radiat. Isot. 0969-8043 64, 60-62 (2006). 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.07.002
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , pp. 60-62
    • Butson, M.J.1    Cheung, T.2    Yu, P.K.N.3
  • 39
    • 0032874911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.598691
    • P. R. Almond, P. J. Biggs, B. M. Coursey, W. F. Hanson, M. S. Huq, R. Nath, and D. W. O. Rogers, " AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 26, 1847-1870 (1999). 10.1118/1.598691
    • (1999) Med. Phys. , vol.26 , pp. 1847-1870
    • Almond, P.R.1    Biggs, P.J.2    Coursey, B.M.3    Hanson, W.F.4    Huq, M.S.5    Nath, R.6    Rogers, D.W.O.7
  • 40
    • 26244462962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-irradiation colouration of Gafchromic EBT radiochromic film
    • 0031-9155,. 10.1088/0031-9155/50/20/N04
    • T. Cheung, M. J. Butson, P. K. N. Yu, " Post-irradiation colouration of Gafchromic EBT radiochromic film.," Phys. Med. Biol. 0031-9155 50, N281-N285 (2005). 10.1088/0031-9155/50/20/N04
    • (2005) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.50
    • Cheung, T.1    Butson, M.J.2    Yu, P.K.N.3
  • 41
    • 46149100990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GafChromic EBT film dosimetry with flatbed CCD scanner: A novel background correction method and full dose uncertainty analysis
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.2938522
    • S. Saur and J. Frengen, " GafChromic EBT film dosimetry with flatbed CCD scanner: A novel background correction method and full dose uncertainty analysis.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 35, 3094-3101 (2008). 10.1118/1.2938522
    • (2008) Med. Phys. , vol.35 , pp. 3094-3101
    • Saur, S.1    Frengen, J.2
  • 43
    • 0018656674 scopus 로고
    • Electrons as the cause of the observed dmax shift with field size in high energy photon beams
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.594580
    • P. J. Biggs and C. C. Ling, " Electrons as the cause of the observed dmax shift with field size in high energy photon beams.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 6, 291-295 (1979). 10.1118/1.594580
    • (1979) Med. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 291-295
    • Biggs, P.J.1    Ling, C.C.2
  • 44
    • 0018758746 scopus 로고
    • Improving the buildup and depth-dose characteristics of high energy photon beams by using electron filters
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.594585
    • C. C. Ling and P. J. Biggs, " Improving the buildup and depth-dose characteristics of high energy photon beams by using electron filters.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 6, 296-301 (1979). 10.1118/1.594585
    • (1979) Med. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 296-301
    • Ling, C.C.1    Biggs, P.J.2
  • 45
    • 66449123441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO 21439:2009, Clinical dosimetry-beta radiation sources for brachytherapy, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
    • ISO 21439:2009, Clinical dosimetry-beta radiation sources for brachytherapy, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 2009.
    • (2009)
  • 47
    • 85027226660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White paper entitled "Gafchromic EBT self-developing film for radiotherapy dosimetry," International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ, August.
    • White paper entitled "Gafchromic EBT self-developing film for radiotherapy dosimetry," International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ, August 2007 (http://www.ispcorp.com).
    • (2007)
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0037035317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy spectra, angular spread, fluence profiles and dose distributions of 6 and 18 MV photon beams: Results of Monte Carlo simulations for a Varian 2100EX accelerator
    • 0031-9155,. 10.1088/0031-9155/47/7/303
    • G. X. Ding, " Energy spectra, angular spread, fluence profiles and dose distributions of 6 and 18 MV photon beams: Results of Monte Carlo simulations for a Varian 2100EX accelerator.," Phys. Med. Biol. 0031-9155 47, 1025-1046 (2002). 10.1088/0031-9155/47/7/303
    • (2002) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.47 , pp. 1025-1046
    • Ding, G.X.1
  • 50
    • 0031883872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron contamination in 8 and 18 MV photon beams
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.598169
    • T. C. Zhu and J. R. Palta, " Electron contamination in 8 and 18 MV photon beams.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 25, 12-19 (1998). 10.1118/1.598169
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 12-19
    • Zhu, T.C.1    Palta, J.R.2
  • 51
    • 4644348621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near surface photon energy spectra outside a 6 MV field edge
    • 0031-9155,. 10.1088/0031-9155/49/18/N01
    • C. R. Edwards and P. J. Mountford, " Near surface photon energy spectra outside a 6 MV field edge.," Phys. Med. Biol. 0031-9155 49, N293-N301 (2004). 10.1088/0031-9155/49/18/N01
    • (2004) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.49
    • Edwards, C.R.1    Mountford, P.J.2
  • 52
    • 12844269162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of Monte Carlo calculated surface doses for megavoltage photon beams
    • 0094-2405,. 10.1118/1.1829401
    • W. Abdel-Rahman, J. P. Seuntjens, F. Verhaegen, F. Deblois, and E. B. Podgorsak, " Validation of Monte Carlo calculated surface doses for megavoltage photon beams.," Med. Phys. 0094-2405 32, 286-298 (2005). 10.1118/1.1829401
    • (2005) Med. Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 286-298
    • Abdel-Rahman, W.1    Seuntjens, J.P.2    Verhaegen, F.3    Deblois, F.4    Podgorsak, E.B.5
  • 53
    • 3242793600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of electron contamination in clinical photon beams for Monte Carlo dose calculation
    • 0031-9155,. 10.1088/0031-9155/49/12/013
    • J. Yang, J. S. Li, L. Qin, W. Xiong, and C. M. Ma, " Modeling of electron contamination in clinical photon beams for Monte Carlo dose calculation.," Phys. Med. Biol. 0031-9155 49, 2657-2673 (2004). 10.1088/0031-9155/49/12/013
    • (2004) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.49 , pp. 2657-2673
    • Yang, J.1    Li, J.S.2    Qin, L.3    Xiong, W.4    Ma, C.M.5
  • 54
    • 66449134932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of risk factors for vertebral body fracture following high-dose single-fraction image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG IMRT) of spine metastases
    • 0360-3016,. 10.1016/j.ijrob2008.06.884
    • I. Laufer, P. Rose, E. Lis, M. H. Bilsky, and Y. Yamada, " An analysis of risk factors for vertebral body fracture following high-dose single-fraction image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG IMRT) of spine metastases.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 0360-3016 72, S52 (2008). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.884
    • (2008) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.72 , pp. 52
    • Laufer, I.1    Rose, P.2    Lis, E.3    Bilsky, M.H.4    Yamada, Y.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.