A new measure of hindlimb stepping ability in neonatally spinalized rats

Behavioural Brain Research

Volumn 202, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 291-302

  Hillyer, Jessica E ^a,b   Joynes, Robin L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Assessment of recovery; Locomotor recovery; Scale development; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVALESCENCE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CRONBACH ALPHA COEFFICIENT; EXERCISE; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; HINDLIMB; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; INTRARATER RELIABILITY; KINEMATICS; LOCOMOTION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RAT STRAIN; RELIABILITY; SCORING SYSTEM; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD TRANSSECTION; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT; TREADMILL; VALIDITY;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HINDLIMB; MOTOR ACTIVITY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; VIDEO RECORDING;

EID: 65549093569     PISSN: 01664328     EISSN: 18727549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.04.009     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Amar A.P., and Levy M.L. Pathogenesis and pharmacological strategies for mitigating secondary damage in acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 44 (1999) 1027-1040
2. Antri M., Barthe J.-Y., Mouffle C., and Orsal D. Long-lasting recovery of locomotor function in chronic spinal rat following chronic combined pharmacologic stimulation of serotonergic receptors with 8-OHDPAT and quipazine. Neurosci Lett Suppl 384 (2005) 162-167
3. 2 agonist. Eur J Neurosci 16 (2002) 467-476
4. Barbeau H., and Rossignol S. Recovery of locomotion after chronic spinalization in the adult cat. Brain Res 412 (1987) 84-95
5. Basso D.M., Beattie M.S., and Bresnahan J.C. A sensitive and reliable locomotion rating scale for open field testing in rats. J Neurotrauma 12 (1995) 1-21
6. Basso D.M., Beattie M.S., and Bresnahan J.C. Graded histological and locomotor outcomes after spinal cord contusion using the NYU weight-drop device versus transection. Exp Neurol 139 (1996) 244-256
7. Basso D.M., Beattie M.S., Bresnahan J.C., Anderson P.K., Faden A.I., Gruner J.A., et al. MASCIS evaluation of open field locomotor scores: effects of experience and teamwork on reliability. J Neurotrauma 13 (1996) 343-359
8. Bernstein J.J., and Goldberg W.J. Experimental spinal cord transplantation as a mechanism of spinal cord regeneration. Paraplegia 33 (1995) 250-253
9. Bregman B.S., Kunkel-Bagden E., Schnell L., Dai H.N., Gao D., and Schwab M.E. Recovery from spinal cord injury mediated by antibodies to neurite growth inhibition. Nature 378 (1995) 498-501
10. Brock K.A., Goldie P.A., and Greenwood K.M. Evaluating the effectiveness of stroke rehabilitation: choosing a discriminative measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83 (2002) 92-99
11. Clarke K.A., and Parker A.J. A quantitative study of normal locomotion in the rat. Physiol Behav 38 (1986) 345-351
12. Commissiong J.W., and Sauve Y. Neurophysiological basis of functional recovery in the neonatal spinalized rat. Exp Brain Res 96 (1993) 473-479
13. Cortina J.M. What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. J Appl Psychol 78 (1993) 98-104
14. Cote M.-P., and Gossard J.-P. Step-training-dependent plasticity in spinal cutaneous pathways. J Neurosci 24 (2004) 11317-11327
15. Crown E.D., Ferguson A.R., Joynes R.L., and Grau J.W. Instrumental learning within the spinal cord. II. Evidence for central mediation. Physiol Behav 77 (2002) 259-267
16. DeLima J., Alvares D., Hatch D.J., and Fitzgerald M. Sensory hyperinnervation after neonatal skin wounding: effect of bupivacaine sciatic nerve block. Br J Anaesth 83 (1999) 662-664
17. Edgerton V.R., de Leon R.D., Tillakaratne N., Recktenwald M.R., Hodgson J.A., and Roy R.R. Use-dependent plasticity in spinal stepping and standing. Advances in neurology v. 72: neuronal regeneration, reorganization, and repair (1997), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA p. 233-47
18. Eidelberg E. Consequences of spinal cord lesions upon motor function with special reference to locomotor activity. Prog Neurobiol 17 (1981) 185-202
19. Eidelberg E., Story J.L., Meyer B.L., and Nystel J. Stepping in chronic spinal cats. Exp Brain Res 40 (1980) 241-246
20. Fawcett J. Repair of spinal cord injuries: where are we, where we are going?. Spinal Cord 40 (2002) 615-623
21. Ferguson A.R., Hook M.A., Garcia G., Bresnahan J.C., Beattie M.S., and Grau J.W. A simple post-hoc transformation that improves the metric properties of the BBB scale for rats with moderate to severe spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 21 (2004) 1601-1613
22. Forssberg H., Grillner S., and Rossignol S. Phasic gain control of reflexes from the dorsum of the paw during spinal locomotion. Brain Res 132 (1977) 121-139
23. Fouad K., and Pearson K. Restoring walking after spinal cord injury. Prog Neurobiol 73 (2004) 107-126
24. Fouad K., Metz G.A.S., Merkler D., Deitz V., and Schwab M.E. Treadmill training in incomplete spinal cord injured rats. Behav Brain Res 115 (2000) 107-113
25. Grau J.W., Barstow D.G., and Joynes R.L. Instrumental learning within the spinal cord. I. Behavioral properties. Behav Neurosci 112 (1998) 1366-1386
26. Grillner S., and Zangger P. On the central generation of locomotion in the low spinal cat. Exp Brain Res 34 (1979) 241-261
27. Hadi B., Zhang Y.P., Burke D.A., Shields C.B., and Magnuson D.S.K. Lasting paraplegia caused by loss of lumbar spinal cord interneurons in rats: no direct correlation with motor neuron loss. J Neurosurg 93 (2000) 266-275
28. Harkema S.J. Neural plasticity after human spinal cord injury: application of locomotor training to the rehabilitation of walking. Neuroscientist 7 (2001) 455-468
29. Harvey R.F., and Jellinek H.M. Functional performance assessment: a program approach. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 62 (1981) 456-461
30. Hase T., Kawaguchi S., Hayashi H., Nishio T., Mizoguchi A., and Nahamura T. Spinal cord repair in neonatal rats: a correlation between axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Eur J Neurosci 15 (2002) 969-974
31. Hase T., Kawaguchi S., Hayashi H., Nishio T., Yoshiyuki A., and Nahamura T. Locomotor performance of the rat after neonatal repairing of spinal cord injuries: quantitative assessment and electromyographic study. J Neurotrauma 19 (2002) 267-277
32. Iwashita Y., Kawaguchi S., and Murata M. Restoration of function by replacement of spinal cord segments in the rat. Nature 367 (1994) 167-169
33. Jacobs B., and Fehlings M.G. The molecular basis of neural regeneration. Neurosurgery 53 (2003) 943-949
34. Kawauchi S., Beites C.L., Crocker C.E., Wu H.-H., Bonnin A., Murray R., et al. Molecular signals regulating proliferation of stem and progenitor cells in mouse olfactory epithelium. Dev Neurosci 26 (2004) 166-180
35. Kempermann G., Jessberger S., Steiner B., and Kronenberg G. Milestones of neuronal development in the adult hippocampus. Trends Neurosci 27 (2004) 447-452
36. Kidd D., Stewart G., Baldry J., Johnson J., Rossiter D., Petruckevitch A., et al. The functional independence measure: a comparative validity and reliability study. Disabil Rehabil 17 (1995) 10-14
37. Kim D., Adipudi V., Shibayama M., Giszter S., Tessler A., Murray M., et al. Direct agonists for serotonin receptors enhance locomotor function in rats that received neural transplants after neonatal spinal transection. J Neurosci 19 (1999) 6213-6224
38. Klose K.J., Green B.A., Smith R.S., Adkins R.H., and Mac Donald A.M. University of Miami Neuro-spinal Index (UMNI): a quantitative method for determining spinal cord function. Paraplegia 18 (1980) 331-336
39. Kucukdeveci A.A., Yavuzer G., Elhan A.H., Sonel B., and Tennant A. Adaptation of the functional independence measure for use in Turkey. Clin Rehabil 15 (2001) 311-319
40. Leblond H., L'Esperance M., Orsal D., and Rossignol S. Treadmill locomotion in the intact and spinal mouse. J Neurosci 23 (2003) 11411-11419
41. Ma M., Basso D.M., Walters P., Stokes B.T., and Jakeman L.B. Behavioral and histological outcomes following graded spinal cord contusion injury in the C57B1/6 mouse. Exp Neurol 169 (2001) 239-254
42. Magnuson D.S.K., Trinder T.C., Zhang Y.P., Burke D., Morassutti D.J., and Shields C.B. Comparing deficits following excitotoxic and contusion injuries in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord of the adult rat. Exp Neurol 156 (1999) 191-204
43. Metz G.A.S., Merkler D., Dietz V., Schwab M.E., and Fouad K. Efficient testing of motor function in spinal cord injured rats. Brain Res 883 (2000) 165-177
44. Mitchell B.D., Emsley J.G., Magavi S.S.D., Arlotta P., and Macklis J.D. Constitutive and induced neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain: manipulation of endogenous precursors toward CNS repair. Dev Neurosci 26 (2004) 101-117
45. Muir G.D., and Webb A.A. Assessment of behavioral recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. Eur J Neurosci 12 (2000) 1086-3079
46. Nicholls J., and Saunders N. Regeneration of immature mammalian spinal cord after injury. Trends Neurosci 19 (1996) 229-234
47. Nunnally J.C., and Bernstein I.H. Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. (1994), McGraw Hill, New York
48. Popovich P.G., Guan Z., Wei P., Huitinga I., van Rooijen N., and Stokes B.T. Depletion of hematogenous macrophages promotes partial hindlimb recovery and neuroanatomical repair after experimental spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 158 (1999) 351-365
49. Ramon-Cueto A., Cordero I., Santos-Benito F.F., and Avila J. Functional recovery of paraplegic rats and motor axon regeneration in their spinal cords by olfactory ensheathing glia. Neuron 25 (2000) 425-435
50. Sandkuhler J. Learning and memory in pain pathways. Pain 88 (2000) 113-118
51. Stein D.G., and Glasier M.M. Some practical and theoretical issues concerning fetal brain tissue grafts as therapy for brain dysfunctions. Behav Brain Sci 18 (1995) 36-45
52. Stineman M.G., Shea J.A., Jette A., Tassoui C.J., Ottenbacher K.J., Firdler R., et al. The functional independence measure: tests of scaling assumptions, structure, and reliability across 20 diverse impairment categories. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77 (1996) 1101-1108
53. Streiner D.L., and Norman G.R. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use (1995), Oxford University Press, New York
54. Tabachnick B.G., and Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics. 4th ed. (2001), Allyn and Bacon, Boston
55. Tetzlaff W., Kobayashi N.R., Giehl K.M., Tsui B.J., Cassar S.L., and Bedard A.M. Response of rubrospinal and corticospinal neurons to injury and neurotrophins. Prog Brain Res 103 (1994) 271-286
56. Thota A., Carlson S., and Jung R. Recovery of locomotor function after treadmill training of incomplete spinal cord injured rats. Biomed Sci Instrum 37 (2001) 63-67
57. Torsney C., and Fitzgerald M. Spinal horn cell receptive field size is increased in adult rats following neonatal hindpaw injury. J Physiol 550 (2003) 255-261
58. Ullman J.B. Structural equation modeling: reviewing the basics and moving forward. J Pers Assess 87 (2006) 35-50
59. Wirz M., Colombo G., and Dietz V. Long term effects of locomotor training in spinal humans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71 (2001) 93-96
60. Wang X.M., Basso D.M., Terman J.R., Bresnahan J.C., and Martin G.F. Adult opossums (didelphis virginiana) demonstrate near normal locomotion after spinal cord transection as neonates. Exp Neurol 51 (1998) 50-69
61. You S.-W., Chen B.-Y., Liu H.-L., Lang B., Xia J.-L., Jeao X.-Y., et al. Spontaneous recovery of locomotion induced by remaining fibers after spinal cord transection in adult rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci 21 (2003) 39-45
62. Young E.E., Baumbauer K.M., Hillyer J.E., Patterson A.M., Hoy Jr. K.C., Mintz E.M., et al. The neonatal injury-induced spinal learning deficit in adult rats: central mechanisms. Behav Neurosci 122 (2008) 589-600