메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 391-400

Midgut carcinoid patients display increased numbers of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood with infiltration into tumor tissue

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; CANCER ANTIBODY; CD4 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; DYE; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ALPHA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3;

EID: 65349163589     PISSN: 0284186X     EISSN: 1651226X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02841860802438495     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (47)
  • 2
    • 20244366111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adoptive cell transfer following nonmyeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma
    • Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Topalian SL, Restifo NP, et al. Adoptive cell transfer following nonmyeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;/23:/2346-57.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 2346-2357
    • Dudley, M.E.1    Wunderlich, J.R.2    Yang, J.C.3    Sherry, R.M.4    Topalian, S.L.5    Restifo, N.P.6
  • 3
    • 33749624177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes
    • Morgan RA, Dudley ME,Wunderlich JR, Hughes MS, Yang JC, Sherry RM, et al. Cancer regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes. Science 2006;/314:/126-9.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 126-129
    • Morgan, R.A.1    Dudley Mewunderlich, J.R.2    Hughes, M.S.3    Yang, J.C.4    Sherry, R.M.5
  • 4
    • 33646419816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of strong and persistent Melan A/ MART-1-specific immune responses by adjuvant dendritic cell-based vaccination of stage II melanoma patients
    • Tuettenberg A, Becker C, Huter E, Knop J, Enk AH, Jonuleit H. Induction of strong and persistent Melan A/ MART-1-specific immune responses by adjuvant dendritic cell-based vaccination of stage II melanoma patients. Int J Cancer 2006;/118:/2617-27.
    • (2006) Int J Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 2617-2627
    • Tuettenberg, A.1    Becker, C.2    Huter, E.3    Knop, J.4    Enk, A.H.5    Jonuleit, H.6
  • 5
    • 33746012881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled phase III trial of immunologic therapy with sipuleucel-T (APC8015) in patients with metastatic, asymptomatic hormone refractory prostate cancer
    • Small EJ, Schellhammer PF, Higano CS, Redfern CH, Nemunaitis JJ, Valone FH, et al. Placebo-controlled phase III trial of immunologic therapy with sipuleucel-T (APC8015) in patients with metastatic, asymptomatic hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;/24:/ 3089-94.
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 3089-3094
    • Small, E.J.1    Schellhammer, P.F.2    Higano, C.S.3    Redfern, C.H.4    Nemunaitis, J.J.5    Valone, F.H.6
  • 8
    • 16844379997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive networks in the tumor environment and their therapeutic relevance
    • Zou W. Immunosuppressive networks in the tumor environment and their therapeutic relevance. Nature Rev Cancer 2005;/5:/263-74.
    • (2005) Nature Rev Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 263-2674
    • Zou, W.1
  • 9
    • 33645286546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells, tumor immunity and immunotherapy
    • Zou W. Regulatory T cells, tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2006;/6:/295-307.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 295-307
    • Zou, W.1
  • 10
    • 38449110163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The characterization and role of regulatory T cells in immune reactions
    • Wilczynski JR, Radwan M, Kalinka J. The characterization and role of regulatory T cells in immune reactions. Front Biosci 2008;/13:/2266-74.
    • (2008) Front Biosci , vol.13 , pp. 2266-2274
    • Wilczynski, J.R.1    Radwan, M.2    Kalinka, J.3
  • 11
    • 0346996879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulatory T cell family: Distinct subsets and their interrelations
    • Jonuleit H, Schmitt E. The regulatory T cell family: Distinct subsets and their interrelations. J Immunol 2003;/171:/ 6323-7.
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.171 , pp. 6323-6327
    • Jonuleit, H.1    Schmitt, E.2
  • 12
    • 33745817085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4-Treg cells
    • Liu W, Putnam AL, Xu-yu Z, Szot GL, Lee MR, Zhu S et al. CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4-Treg cells. J Exp Med 2006;/203:/1701-11.
    • (2006) J Exp Med , vol.203 , pp. 1701-1711
    • Liu, W.1    Putnam, A.L.2    Xu-Yu, Z.3    Szot, G.L.4    Lee, M.R.5    Zhu, S.6
  • 13
    • 33846283803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human CD4-regulatory T cells express lower levels of the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (CD127), allowing consistent identification and sorting of live cells
    • Hartigan-O Connor DJ, Poon C, Sinclair E, McCune JM. Human CD4-regulatory T cells express lower levels of the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (CD127), allowing consistent identification and sorting of live cells. J Immunol Method 2007;/319:/41-52.
    • (2007) J Immunol Method , vol.319 , pp. 41-52
    • Hartigan, O.1    Connor, D.J.2    Poon, C.3    Sinclair, E.4    McCune, J.M.5
  • 14
    • 0035874949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory CD4(-)CD25(-) T cells in tumors from patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and late-stage ovarian cancer
    • Woo EY, Chu CS, Goletz TJ, Schlienger K, Yeh H, Coukos G, et al. Regulatory CD4(-)CD25(-) T cells in tumors from patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and late-stage ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2001;/61:/4766-72.
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 4766-4772
    • Woo, E.Y.1    Chu, C.S.2    Goletz, T.J.3    Schlienger, K.4    Yeh, H.5    Coukos, G.6
  • 15
    • 0036721629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of regulatory T cells is increased in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment of patients with pancreas or breast adenocarcinoma
    • Liyanage UK, Moore TT, Joo HG, Tanaka Y, Herrmann V, Doherty G, et al. Prevalence of regulatory T cells is increased in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment of patients with pancreas or breast adenocarcinoma. J Immunol 2002;/169:/2756-61.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 2756-2761
    • Liyanage, U.K.1    Moore, T.T.2    Joo, H.G.3    Tanaka, Y.4    Herrmann, V.5    Doherty, G.6
  • 16
    • 0041386189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4-CD25-regulatory T cells in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
    • Sasada T, Kimura M, Yoshida Y, Kanai M, Takabayashi A. CD4-CD25-regulatory T cells in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Cancer 2003;/98:/1089-99.
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.98 , pp. 1089-1099
    • Sasada, T.1    Kimura, M.2    Yoshida, Y.3    Kanai, M.4    Takabayashi, A.5
  • 17
    • 33750807427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4-CD25high T cells are enriched in the tumor and peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients
    • Miller AM, Lundberg K, Özenci V, Banham AH, Hellström M, Egevad L, et al. CD4-CD25high T cells are enriched in the tumor and peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients. J Immunol 2006;/177:/7398-405.
    • (2006) J Immunol , vol.177 , pp. 7398-7405
    • Miller, A.M.1    Lundberg, K.2    Özenci, V.3    Banham, A.H.4    Hellstrom, M.5    Egevad, L.6
  • 18
    • 33845311502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Totterman TH. Human bladder carcinoma is dominated by T regulatory cells and Th1 inhibitory cytokines
    • Loskog A, Ninalga C, Paul-Wetterberg G, de la Torre M, Malmström P-U, Tö tterman TH. Human bladder carcinoma is dominated by T regulatory cells and Th1 inhibitory cytokines. J Urol 2007;/177:/353-8.
    • (2007) J Urol , vol.177 , pp. 353-358
    • Loskog, A.1    Ninalga, C.2    Paul-Wetterberg, G.3    De La Torre, M.4    Malmström, P.-U.5
  • 19
    • 40549114986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cell vaccination induces tumor epitope-specific Th1 immune response in medullary thyroid carcinoma
    • Papewalis C, Wuttke M, Jacobs B, Domberg J, Willenberg H, Baehring T, et al. Dendritic cell vaccination induces tumor epitope-specific Th1 immune response in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Horm Metab Res 2008;/40:/108-16.
    • (2008) Horm Metab Res , vol.40 , pp. 108-116
    • Papewalis, C.1    Wuttke, M.2    Jacobs, B.3    Domberg, J.4    Willenberg, H.5    Baehring, T.6
  • 20
    • 4644237613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival
    • Curiel TJ, Coukos G, Zou L, Alvarez X, Cheng P, Mottram P, et al. Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nat Med 2004;/10:/942-9.
    • (2004) Nat Med , vol.10 , pp. 942-949
    • Curiel, T.J.1    Coukos, G.2    Zou, L.3    Alvarez, X.4    Cheng, P.5    Mottram, P.6
  • 21
    • 33845590308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor infiltrating Foxp3-regulatory T-cells are associated with recurrence in pathologic stage i NSCLC patients
    • Petersen RP, Carpa MJ, Sperlazza J, Conlon D, Joshi MB, Harpole DH Jr, et al. Tumor infiltrating Foxp3-regulatory T-cells are associated with recurrence in pathologic stage I NSCLC patients. Cancer 2006;/107:/2866-72.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.107 , pp. 2866-2872
    • Petersen, R.P.1    Carpa, M.J.2    Sperlazza, J.3    Conlon, D.4    Joshi, M.B.5    Jr H.Dh6
  • 22
    • 34247261531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of regulatory T cells enables the identification of high-risk breast cancer patients and those at risk of late relapse
    • Bates GJ, Fox SB, Han C, Leek RD, Garcia JF, Harris AL et al. Quantification of regulatory T cells enables the identification of high-risk breast cancer patients and those at risk of late relapse. J Clin Oncol 2006;/24:/5373-80.
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 5373-5380
    • Bates, G.J.1    Fox, S.B.2    Han, C.3    Leek, R.D.4    Garcia, J.F.5    Harris, A.L.6
  • 23
    • 33847384529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FOXP3-regulatory T cells affect the development and progression of hepatocarcinogenesis.
    • Kobayashi N, Hiraoka N, Yamagami W, Ojima H, Kanai Y, Kosuge T, et al. FOXP3-regulatory T cells affect the development and progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2007;/13:/902-11.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 902-911
    • Kobayashi, N.1    Hiraoka, N.2    Yamagami, W.3    Ojima, H.4    Kanai, Y.5    Kosuge, T.6
  • 24
    • 31544455880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD4-T-cell subpopulations in head and neck cancers
    • Badoual C, Hans S, Rodriguez J, Peyrard S, Klein C, Agueznay Nel H, et al. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD4-T-cell subpopulations in head and neck cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2006;/12:/465-72.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 465-472
    • Badoual, C.1    Hans, S.2    Rodriguez, J.3    Peyrard, S.4    Klein, C.5    Agueznay Nel, H.6
  • 25
    • 27844458057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor regression and autoimmunity in patients treated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and interleukin 2: A phase I/II study
    • Maker AV, Phan GQ, Attia P, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Topalian SL, et al. Tumor regression and autoimmunity in patients treated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and interleukin 2: A phase I/II study. Ann Surg Oncol 2005;/12:/1005-16.
    • (2005) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 1005-1016
    • Maker, A.V.1    Phan, G.Q.2    Attia, P.3    Yang, J.C.4    Sherry, R.M.5    Topalian, S.L.6
  • 26
    • 0038153907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • Phan GQ, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Hwu P, Topalian SL, Schwartzentruber DJ, et al. Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;/100:/8372-7.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 8372-8377
    • Phan, G.Q.1    Yang, J.C.2    Sherry, R.M.3    Hwu, P.4    Topalian, S.L.5    Schwartzentruber, D.J.6
  • 27
    • 0344341626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody blockade in previously vaccinated metastatic melanoma and ovarian carcinoma patients
    • Hodi FS, Mihm MC, Soiffer RJ, Haluska FG, Butler M, Seiden MV, et al. Biologic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody blockade in previously vaccinated metastatic melanoma and ovarian carcinoma patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;/100:/4712-7.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 4712-4717
    • Hodi, F.S.1    Mihm, M.C.2    Soiffer, R.J.3    Haluska, F.G.4    Butler, M.5    Seiden, M.V.6
  • 28
    • 0023930413 scopus 로고
    • Effect of low dose cyclophosphamide on the immune system of cancer patients: Depletion of CD4-2H4-suppressor-inducer T cells
    • Berd D, Mastrangelo MJ. Effect of low dose cyclophosphamide on the immune system of cancer patients: depletion of CD4-2H4-suppressor-inducer T cells. Cancer Res 1988;/48:/1671-5.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 1671-1675
    • Berd, D.1    Mastrangelo, M.J.2
  • 29
    • 30144444279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity in cancer patients after depletion of regulatory T cells
    • Dannull J, Su Z, Rizzieri D, Yang BK, Coleman D, Yancey D, et al. Enhancement of vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity in cancer patients after depletion of regulatory T cells. J Clin Invest 2005;/115:/3623-33.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 3623-3633
    • Dannull, J.1    Su, Z.2    Rizzieri, D.3    Yang, B.K.4    Coleman, D.5    Yancey, D.6
  • 32
    • 21344464681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: Recent advances in molecular genetics, diagnosis, and treatment
    • .ö berg K. Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: Recent advances in molecular genetics, diagnosis, and treatment. Curr Opin Oncol 2005;/17:/386-91.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 386-391
    • Oberg, K.1
  • 33
    • 0038746621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cell vaccination: New hope for the treatment of metastasized endocrine malignancies
    • Schott M, Seissler J. Dendritic cell vaccination: New hope for the treatment of metastasized endocrine malignancies. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2003;/14:/156-62.
    • (2003) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.14 , pp. 156-162
    • Schott, M.1    Seissler, J.2
  • 36
    • 35348884335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4-CD25-T regulatory cells and TGF-beta in mucosal immune system: The good and the bad
    • Chen W, Perruche S, Li J. CD4-CD25-T regulatory cells and TGF-beta in mucosal immune system: The good and the bad. Curr Med Chem 2007;/14:/2245-9.
    • (2007) Curr Med Chem , vol.14 , pp. 2245-2249
    • Chen, W.1    Perruche, S.2    Li, J.3
  • 37
    • 4644275197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells: Peace keepers in the gut
    • Allez M, Mayer L. Regulatory T cells: Peace keepers in the gut. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004;/10:/666-76.
    • (2004) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.10 , pp. 666-676
    • Allez, M.1    Mayer, L.2
  • 38
    • 0034885046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mucosal milieu creates tolerogenic dendritic cells and TR1 and TH3 regulatorycells
    • Weiner HL. The mucosal milieu creates tolerogenic dendritic cells and TR1 and TH3 regulatorycells. Nat Immunol 2001;/2:/671-2.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 671-672
    • Weiner, H.L.1
  • 39
    • 3042850588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of beta-catenin, TGF beta 3, NGF2, FGF2, IGFR2, and BMP4 in the pathogenesis of mesenteric sclerosis and angiopathy in midgut carcinoids
    • Zhang PJ, Furth EE, Cai X, Goldblum JR, Pascha TL, Min KW. The role of beta-catenin, TGF beta 3, NGF2, FGF2, IGFR2, and BMP4 in the pathogenesis of mesenteric sclerosis and angiopathy in midgut carcinoids. Hum Pathol 2004;/35:/670-4.
    • (2004) Hum Pathol , vol.35 , pp. 670-674
    • Zhang, P.J.1    Furth, E.E.2    Cai, X.3    Goldblum, J.R.4    Pascha, T.L.5    Min, K.W.6
  • 40
    • 0042508786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autocrine growth inhibition by transforming growth factor b-1 (TGFb-1) in human neuroendocrine tumor cells
    • Wimmel A, Wiedenmann B, Rosewicz S. Autocrine growth inhibition by transforming growth factor b-1 (TGFb-1) in human neuroendocrine tumor cells. Gut 2003;/52:/1308-16.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 1308-1316
    • Wimmel, A.1    Wiedenmann, B.2    Rosewicz, S.3
  • 41
    • 0037378532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinoid heart disease: The role of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, transforming growth factor-beta and fibroblast growth factor
    • Zeutenhorst JM, Bonfrer JM, Korse CM, Bakker R, van Tinteren H, Taal BG. Carcinoid heart disease: The role of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, transforming growth factor-beta and fibroblast growth factor. Cancer 2003;/97:/ 1609-15.
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.97 , pp. 1609-1615
    • Zeutenhorst, J.M.1    Bonfrer, J.M.2    Korse, C.M.3    Bakker, R.4    Van Tinteren, H.5    Taal, B.G.6
  • 42
    • 0027269918 scopus 로고
    • Expression of growth factor peptides and their receptors in neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system
    • Chaudhry A, Funa K, .ö berg K. Expression of growth factor peptides and their receptors in neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system. Acta Oncol 1993;/32:/107-14.
    • (1993) Acta Oncol , vol.32 , pp. 107-114
    • Chaudhry, A.1    Funa, K.2    Oberg, K.3
  • 43
    • 0026045923 scopus 로고
    • Human carcinoid cell production of paracrine growth factors that can stimulate fibroblast and endothelial cell growth
    • Beauchamp RD, Coffey RJ Jr, Lyons RM, Perkett EA, Townsend CM Jr, Moses HL. Human carcinoid cell production of paracrine growth factors that can stimulate fibroblast and endothelial cell growth. Cancer Res 1991;/51:/ 5253-60.
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51 , pp. 5253-5260
    • Beauchamp, R.D.1    Coffey Jr., R.J.2    Lyons, R.M.3    Perkett, E.A.4    Townsend Jr., C.M.5    Moses, H.L.6
  • 44
    • 2442675273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with carcinoid syndrome exhibit symptoms of aggressive impulse dysregulation
    • Russo S, Boon JC, Kema IP, Willemse PH, den Boer JA, Korf J, et al. Patients with carcinoid syndrome exhibit symptoms of aggressive impulse dysregulation. Psychosom Med 2004;/66:/422-5.
    • (2004) Psychosom Med , vol.66 , pp. 422-425
    • Russo, S.1    Boon, J.C.2    Kema, I.P.3    Willemse, P.H.4    Den Boer, J.A.5    Korf, J.6
  • 45
    • 0034929271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structural approach into human tryptophan hydroxylase and its implications for the regulation of serotonin biosynthesis
    • Martinez A, Knappskog PM, Haavik J. A structural approach into human tryptophan hydroxylase and its implications for the regulation of serotonin biosynthesis. Curr Med Chem 2001;/8:/1077-91.
    • (2001) Curr Med Chem , vol.8 , pp. 1077-1091
    • Martinez, A.1    Knappskog, P.M.2    Haavik, J.3
  • 46
    • 34248173331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor-induced tolerance
    • Munn DH, Mellor AL. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor-induced tolerance. J Clin Invest 2007;/117:/1147-54.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 1147-1154
    • Munn, D.H.1    Mellor, A.L.2
  • 47
    • 33646893538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combined effects of tryptophan starvation and tryptophan catabolites down-regulate T cell receptor j-chain and induce a regulatory phenotype in naýve T cells
    • Fallarino F, Grohmann U, You S, McGrath BC, Cavener DR, Vacca C, et al. The combined effects of tryptophan starvation and tryptophan catabolites down-regulate T cell receptor j-chain and induce a regulatory phenotype in naïve T cells. J Immunol 2006;/176:/6752-61.
    • (2006) J Immunol , vol.176 , pp. 6752-6761
    • Fallarino, F.1    Grohmann, U.2    You, S.3    McGrath, B.C.4    Cavener, D.R.5    Vacca, C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.