Long range concentration gradients at the free surface of polymer films swollen by carbon dioxide

Macromolecules

Volumn 41, Issue 23, 2008, Pages 9306-9311

  Li, Xinxin ^a   Vogt, Bryan D ^a  

^a Arizona State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS; BURIED INTERFACES; CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS; DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; FREE SURFACES; HYDROPHILIC DOMAINS; HYDROPHOBIC DOMAINS; IN-SITU; LONG RANGES; SELECTIVE MODIFICATIONS; SWOLLEN FILMS; TETRAETHYL ORTHOSILICATE; THICKNESS OF THE FILMS;

CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FILMS; PLASTIC FILMS; POLYMERS; PORE SIZE;

POLYMER FILMS;

EID: 64549144529     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma801830s     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Forrest, J. A.; DalnokiVeress, K.; Stevens, J. R.; Dutcher, J. R. Effect of free surfaces on the glass transition temperature of thin polymer films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 77 (10), 2002-2005.
2. Ellison, C. J.; Torkelson, J. M. The distribution of glass-transition temperatures in nanoscopically confined glass formers. Nat. Mater. 2003, 2 (10), 695-700.
3. Priestley, R. D.; Ellison, C. J.; Broadbelt, L. J.; Torkelson, J. M. Structural relaxation of polymer glasses at surfaces, interfaces and in between. Science 2005, 309 (5733), 456-459.
4. Keddie, J. L.; Jones, R. A. L.; Cory, R. A. Interface and surface effects on the glass-transition temperature in thin polymer-films. Faraday Discuss. 1994, 219-230.
5. Fryer, D. S.; Peters, R. D.; Kim, E. J.; Tomaszewski, J. E.; de Pablo, J. J.; Nealey, P. F.; White, C C; Wu, W. L. Dependence of the glass transition, temperature of polymer films on interfacial energy and thickness. Macromolecules 2001, 34 (16), 5627-5634.
6. Tsui, O. K. C; Russell, T. P.; Hawker, C. J. Effect of interfacial interactions on the glass transition of polymer thin films. Macromolecules 2001, 34 (16), 5535-5539.
7. Ellison, C. J.; Mundra, M. K.; Torkelson, J. M. Impacts of polystyrene molecular weight and modification to the repeat unit structure on the glass transition-nanoconfinement effect and the cooperativity length scale. Macromolecules 2005, 38 (5), 1767-1778.
8. Priestley, R. D.; Mundra, M. K.; Barnett, N.; Broadbelt, L. J.; Torkelson, J. M. Effects of nanoscale confinement and interfaces on. the glass transition temperatures of a series of poly (n-methacrylate) films, Aust. J. Chem. 2007, 60, 765-771.
9. Campbell, C. G.; Vogt, B. D. Examination of the influence of cooperative segmental dynamics on the glass transition, and coefficient of thermal expansion, in thin films probed using poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s. Polymer 2007, 48 (24), 7169-7175.
10. Forrest, J. A.; Dalnoki-Veress, K. The glass transition, in thin polymer films, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci 2001, 94 (1-3), 167-196.
11. Alcoutlabi, M.; McKenna, G. B. Effects of confinement on material behaviour at the nanometre size scale. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2005, 17, R461-R524.
12. de Gennes, P. Glass transitions in thin polymer films. Eur. Phys. J. E 2000, 2 (3), 201-205.
13. Anastasiadis, S. H.; Karatasos, K.; Vlachos, G.; Manias, E.; Giannelis, E. P. Nanoscopic-confinement effects on local dynamics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 84 (5), 915-918.
14. Soles, C. L.; Douglas, J. F.; Wu, W. L.; Dimeo, R. M. Incoherent neutron, scattering as a probe of the dynamics in molecularly thin polymer films. Macromolecules 2003, 36 (2), 373-379.
15. Huang, Y.; Paul, D. R. Effect of temperature on physical aging of thin, glassy polymer films. Macromolecules 2005, 38 (24), 10.14810.154.
16. Kanaya, T.; Miyazaki, T.; Inoue, R.; Nishida, K. Thermal expansion and contraction of polymer thin films. Phys. Status Solidi B 2005, 242 (3), 595-606.
17. Shin, K.; Obukhov, S.; Chen, J. T.; Huh, J.; Hwang, Y.; Mok, S.; Dobriyal, P.; Thiyagarajan, P.; Russell, T. P. Enhanced mobility of confined polymers. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6 (12), 961-965.
18. Stafford, C. M.; Vogt, B. D.; Harrison, C; Julthongpiput, D.; Huang, R. Elastic moduli of ultrathin amorphous polymer films. Macromoleggles 2006, 39 (15), 5095-5099.
19. Van Workum, K.; de Pablo, J. J. Computer simulation of the mechanical properties of amorphous polymer nanostructures. Nano Lett. 2003, 3 (10), 1405-1410.
20. Kent, M. S.; Smith, G. S.; Baker, S. M.; Nyitray, A.; Browning, J.; Moore, G. The effect of a silane coupling agent on water adsorption at a metal/polymer interface studied by neutron reflectivity and angleresolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. J. Mater. Sci 1996, 31, 927-937.
21. Vogt, B. D.; Prabhu, V. M. Soles, C. L.; Satija, S. K.; Lin, E. K.; Wu, W. Control of moisture at buried polymer/alumina interfaces through substrate surface modification. Langmuir 2005, 21, 24602464.
22. Koga, T.; Seo, Y. S.; Zhang, Y. M.; Shin, K.; Kusano, K.; Nishikawa, K.; Rafailovich, M. H.; Sokolov, J. C; Chu, B.; Peiffer, D.; Occhiogrosso, R.; Satija, S. K. Density-fluctuation-induced swelling of polymer thin films in carbon dioxide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 89 (12), 125506.
23. Sirard, S. M.; Ziegler, K. J.; Sanchez, I. C; Green, P. F.; Johnston, K. P. Anomalous properties of poly(methyl methaerylate) thin films in supercritical carbon dioxide. Macromolecules 2002, 35 (5), 1928-1935.
24. Koga, T.; Ji, Y.; Seo, Y. S.; Gordon, C; Qu, F.; Rafailovich, M. H.; Sokolov, J. C; Satija, S. K. Neutron reflectivity study of glassy polymer brushes in. density fluctuating supercritical carbon, dioxide. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2004, 42 (17), 3282-3289.
25. Flichy, N. M. B.; Kazarian, S. G.; Lawrence, C J.; Briscoe, B. J. An ATR-IR study of poly(dimethylsiloxane) under high-pressure carbon dioxide: Simultaneous measurement of sorption and swelling. J.Phys. Chem B 2002, 106 (4), 754-759.
26. Li, Y.; Park, E. J.; Lim, K. T. L.; Johnston, K. P.; Green, P. F. Role of interfacial interactions on the anomalous swelling of polymer thin films in. supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Polym. Sci, Part B: Polym. Phys. 2007, 45 (11), 1313-1324.
27. Nishikawa, K.; Tanaka, L; Amemiya, Y. Small-angle X-ray scattering study of supercritical carbon dioxide. J.Phys. Chem. 1996, 100 (1), 418-421.
28. Stanley, H. E. Introduction to Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1971.
29. Wang, X. C; Sanchez, I. C Anomalous sorption of supercritical fluids on polymer thin films. Lgngmuir 2006, 22 (22), 9251-9253.
30. Anderson, M. R.; Mattes, B. R.; Reiss, H.; Kaner, R. B. Conjugated polymer-films for gas separations. Science 1991, 252 (5011), 14121415.
31. Pai, R. A.; Humayan, R.; Schulber, M. T.; Sengupta, A.; Sun, J.-H.; Watkins, J. J. Mesoporous silicates prepared using preorganized templates in supercritical fluids. Science 2004, 303, 507-510.
32. Pai, R. A.; Watkins, J. J. Synthesis of mesoporous organosilicate films in supercritical carbon dioxide. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18 (2), 241-245.
33. Tirumala, V. R.; Pai, R. A.; Agaarwal, S.; Testa, J. J.; Bhatnagar, G.; Romany, A. H.; Chandler, C; Gorman, B. P.; Jones, R. L.; Lin, E. K.; Watkins, J. J. Mesoporous silica films with long-range order prepared from strongly segregated block copolymer/homopolymer blend templates. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19 (24), 5868-5874.
34. Tirumala, V. R.; Romang, A. H.; Agarwal, S.; Lin, E. K.; Watkins, J. J. Well ordered polymer melts from blends of disordered triblock copolymer surfactants and functional homopolymers. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20 (9), 1603-1608.
35. Palik, E. D. Handbook of optical constants; Academic Press: Orlando, 1985; Vol. 1.
36. Baklanov, M. R.; Mogilnikov, K. P.; Polovinkin, V. G.; Dultsev, F. N. Determination of pore size distribution in thin films by ellipsometric porosimetry. J. Vac Sci Technol, B 2000, 18 (3), 1385-1391.
37. Koga, T.; Seo, Y. S.; Shin, K.; Zhang, Y.; Rafailovich, M. H.; Sokolov, J. C; Chu, B.; Satija, S. K. The role of elasticity in the anomalous swelling of polymer thin films in density fluctuating supercritical fluids. Macromolecules 2003, 36 (14), 5236-5243.
38. Li, X.; Vogt, B. D. Carbon dioxide mediated synthesis of mesoporous silica films: Tuning properties using pressure. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20 (9), 3229-3238.
39. 2 sorption and swelling of liquid polymers with in-situ near-IR spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108 (37), 13995-13999.
40. Zhao, D. Y.; Huo, Q. S.; Feng, J. L.; Chmelka, B. F.; Stucky, G. D. Nonionic triblock and star diblock copolymer and oligomeric surfactant syntheses of highly ordered, hydrothermally stable, mesoporous silica structures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120 (24), 6024-6036.
41. Fuertes, M. C; Colodrero, S.; Lozano, G.; Gonzalez-Elipe, A. R.; Grosso, D.; Boissiere, C; Sanchez, C; Soler-Illia, G. J. D. A.; Miguez, H. Sorption properties of mesoporous multilayer thin, films. J. Phys. Chem C 2008, 112 (9), 3157-3163.
42. Beck Tan, N. C; Wu, W. L.; Wallace, W. E.; Davis, G. T. Interface effects on moisture absorption in ultrathin polyimide films. J.Polym. Sci, Part B: Polym. Phys. 1998, 36 (1), 155-162.
43. Royer, J. R.; DeSimone, J. M.; Khan, S. A. Carbon dioxide-induced swelling of poly(dimethylsiloxane). Macromolecules 1999, 32 (26), 8965-8973.
44. Abramowitz, H.; Shah, P. S.; Green, P. F.; Johnston, K. P. Welding colloidal crystals with carbon dioxide. Macromolecules 2004, 37 (19), 7316-7324.
45. 2/water/glass interface. Langmuir 2006, 22 (5), 2161-2170.
46. 2 down to low pressures. Nature 2000, 405 (6783), 165-168.
47. Kazarian, S. G.; Vincent, M. F.; Bright, F. V.; Liotta, C. L.; Eckert, C. A. Specific intermolecular interaction of carbon dioxide with polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118 (7), 1729-1736.