Methods for pumping fluids on biomedical lab-on-a-chip

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 14, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 3913-3924

  Luo, Yong ^a   Qin, Jianhua ^a   Lin, Bingcheng ^a  

^a DALIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Centrifuging; Displacement; Electroosmosis; Gravity; Lab on a chip; Microfluidics; Pressure; Pumping; Review; Surface tension

Indexed keywords

CENTRIFUGATION; MICROFLUIDICS; PRESSURE; REVIEW; SURFACE TENSION;

CENTRIFUGATION; MICROFLUIDICS; PRESSURE; SURFACE TENSION;

EID: 63849281532     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2735/3500     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. G. M. Whitesides: The origins and the future of microfluidics. Nature, 442(7101), 368-373(2006) (Pubitemid 44264779)
2. C. L. Hansen, E. Skordalakes, J. M. Berger and S. R. Quake: A robust and scalable microfluidic metering method that allows protein crystal growth by free interface diffusion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 99(26), 16531-16536(2002) (Pubitemid 36034007)
3. B. Zheng, L. S. Roach and R. F. Ismagilov: Screening of protein crystallization conditions on a microfluidic chip using nanoliter-size droplets. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125(37), 11170-11171(2003) (Pubitemid 37108033)
4. B. Zheng, J. D. Tice, L. S. Roach and R. F. Ismagilov: A droplet-based, composite PDMS/glass capillary microfluidic system for evaluating protein crystallization conditions by microbatch and vapor-diffusion methods with on-chip X-ray diffraction. Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 43(19), 2508-2511(2004) (Pubitemid 39257710)
5. R. C. Stevens: Design of high-throughput methods of protein production for structural biology. Struct. Fold. Des., 8(9), R177-R185(2000)
6. J. El-Ali, P. K. Sorger and K. F. Jensen: Cells on chips. Nature, 442(7101), 403-411(2006) (Pubitemid 44264784)
7. D. Janasek, J. Franzke and A. Manz: Scaling and the design of miniaturized chemical-analysis systems. Nature, 442(7101), 374-380(2006) (Pubitemid 44264780)
8. T. M. Squires and S. R. Quake: Microfluidics: Fluid physics at the nanoliter scale. Rev. Mod. Phys., 77(3), 977-1026(2005) (Pubitemid 43272528)
9. D. J. Beebe, G. A. Mensing and G. M. Walker: Physics and applications of microfluidics in biology. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 4, 261-286(2002) (Pubitemid 35217422)
10. E. M. Lucchetta, J. H. Lee, L. A. Fu, N. H. Patel and R. F. Ismagilov: Dynamics of Drosophila embryonic patterning network perturbed in space and time using microfluidics. Nature, 434(7037), 1134-1138(2005) (Pubitemid 40663492)
11. F. X. Witkowski, L. J. Leon, P. A. Penkoske, W. R. Giles, M. L. Spano, W. L. Ditto and A. T. Winfree: Spatiotemporal evolution of ventricular fibrillation. Nature, 392(6671), 78-82(1998) (Pubitemid 28150592)
12. J. Wolff, A. G. Papathanasiou, I. G. Kevrekidis, H. H. Rotermund and G. Ertl: Spatiotemporal addressing of surface activity. Science, 294(5540), 134-137(2001) (Pubitemid 32952961)
13. V. K. Vanag, L. F. Yang, M. Dolnik, A. M. Zhabotinsky and I. R. Epstein: Oscillatory cluster patterns in a homogeneous chemical system with global feedback. Nature, 406(6794), 389-391(2000) (Pubitemid 30625554)
14. C. J. Easley, J. M. Karlinsey, J. M. Bienvenue, L. A. Legendre, M. G. Roper, S. H. Feldman, M. A. Hughes, E. L. Hewlett, T. J. Merkel, J. P. Ferrance and J. P. Landers: A fully integrated microfluidic genetic analysis system with sample-inanswer-out capability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 103(51), 19272-19277(2006) (Pubitemid 46026023)
15. F. K. Balagadde, L. C. You, C. L. Hansen, F. H. Arnold and S. R. Quake: Long-term monitoring of bacteria undergoing programmed population control in a microchemostat. Science, 309(5731), 137-140(2005) (Pubitemid 40934993)
16. R. G. Blazej, P. Kumaresan and R. A. Mathies: Microfabricated bioprocessor for integrated nanoliter-scale Sanger DNA sequencing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 103(19), 7240-7245(2006) (Pubitemid 43727817)
17. P. S. Dittrich and A. Manz: Lab-on-a-chip: microfluidics in drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 5(3), 210-218(2006) (Pubitemid 43336034)
18. J. Pihl, M. Karlsson and D. T. Chiu: Microfluidic technologies in drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today, 10(20), 1377-1383(2005) (Pubitemid 41501792)
19. P. Yager, T. Edwards, E. Fu, K. Helton, K. Nelson, M. R. Tam and B. H. Weigl: Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health. Nature, 442(7101), 412-418(2006) (Pubitemid 44264785)
20. A. J. deMello: Control and detection of chemical reactions in microfluidic systems. Nature, 442(7101), 394-402(2006) (Pubitemid 44264783)
21. D. Psaltis, S. R. Quake and C. H. Yang: Developing optofluidic technology through the fusion of microfluidics and optics. Nature, 442(7101), 381-386(2006) (Pubitemid 44264781)
22. H. Craighead: Future lab-on-a-chip technologies for interrogating individual molecules. Nature, 442(7101), 387-393(2006) (Pubitemid 44264782)
23. S. K. Sia, V. Linder, B. A. Parviz, A. Siegel and G. M. Whitesides: An integrated approach to a portable and low-cost immunoassay for resource-poor settings. Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 43(4), 498-502(2004) (Pubitemid 38168405)
24. A. Manz, C. S. Effenhauser, N. Burggraf, D. J. Harrison, K. Seiler and K. Fluri: Electroosmotic Pumping and Electrophoretic Separations for Miniaturized Chemical-Analysis Systems. J. Micromech. Microeng., 4(4), 257-265(1994)
25. T. McCreedy: Fabrication techniques and materials commonly used for the production of microreactors and micro total analytical systems. Trac-Trends Anal. Chem., 19(6), 396-401(2000) (Pubitemid 30312940)
26. Z. M. Zhou, D. Y. Liu, R. T. Zhong, Z. P. Dai, D. P. Wu, H. Wang, Y. G. Du, Z. N. Xia, L. P. Zhang, X. D. Mei and B. C. Lin: Determination of SARS-coronavirus by a microfluidic chip system. Electrophoresis, 25(17), 3032-3039(2004) (Pubitemid 39294855)
27. J. H. Qin, F. C. Leung, Y. S. Fung, D. R. Zhu and B. C. Lin: Rapid authentication of ginseng species using microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 381(4), 812-819(2005) (Pubitemid 40476262)
28. X. L. Mao, K. Wang, Y. G. Du and B. C. Lin: Analysis of chicken and turkey ovalbumins by microchip electrophoresis combined with exoglycosidase digestion. Electrophoresis, 24(18), 3273-3278(2003) (Pubitemid 38089128)
29. B. Ma, X. M. Zhou, G. Wang, H. Q. Huang, Z. P. Dai, J. H. Qin and B. C. Lin: Integrated isotachophoretic reconcentration with zone electrophoresis separation on a quartz microchip for UV detection of flavonoids. Electrophoresis, 27(24), 4904-4909(2006) (Pubitemid 46040701)
30. Y. Gao, Z. Shen, H. Wang, Z. P. Dai and B. C. Lin: Chiral separations on multichannel microfluidic chips. Electrophoresis, 26(24), 4774-4779(2005) (Pubitemid 43020164)
31. S. C. Jacobson, T. E. McKnight and J. M. Ramsey: Microfluidic devices for electrokinetically driven parallel and serial mixing. Anal. Chem., 71(20), 4455-4459(1999)
32. N. Gottschlich, S. C. Jacobson, C. T. Culbertson and J. M. Ramsey: Two-dimensional electrochromatography/capillary electrophoresis on a microchip. Anal. Chem., 73(11), 2669-2674(2001) (Pubitemid 32880673)
33. H. Q. Huang, F. Xu, Z. P. Dai and B. C. Lin: On-line isotachophoretic preconcentration and gel electrophoretic separation of sodium dodecyl sulfate-proteins on a microchip. Electrophoresis, 26(11), 2254-2260(2005) (Pubitemid 40852659)
34. Z. C. Long, D. Y. Liu, N. N. Ye, J. H. Qin and B. C. Lin: Integration of nanoporous membranes for sample filtration/preconcentration in microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis, 27(24), 4927-4934(2006)
35. D. Y. Liu, M. Shi, H. Q. Huang, Z. C. Long, X. M. Zhou, J. H. Qin and B. C. Lin: Isotachophoresis preconcentration integrated microfluidic chip for highly sensitive genotyping of the hepatitis B virus. J. Chromatogr. B, 844(1), 32-38(2006) (Pubitemid 46048620)
36. Z. Shen, X. J. Liu, Z. C. Long, D. Y. Liu, N. N. Ye, J. H. Qin, Z. P. Dai and B. C. Lin: Parallel analysis of biomolecules on a microfabricated capillary array chip. Electrophoresis, 27(5-6), 1084-1092(2006)
37. X. J. Liu, A. Y. Liang, Z. Shen, X. Liu, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Dai, B. H. Xiong and B. C. Lin: Studying drug-plasma protein interactions by two-injector microchip electrophoresis frontal analysis. Electrophoresis, 27(24), 5128-5131(2006) (Pubitemid 46040726)
38. X. J. Liu, X. Liu, A. Y. Liang, Z. Shen, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Dai, B. H. Xiong and B. C. Lin: Studying protein-drug interaction by microfluidic chip affinity capillary electrophoresis with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis, 27(15), 3125-3128(2006) (Pubitemid 44269529)
39. A. Bromberg and R. A. Mathies: Homogeneous immunoassay for detection of TNT and its analogues on a microfabricated capillary electrophoresis chip. Anal. Chem., 75(5), 1188-1195(2003) (Pubitemid 36402649)
40. D. C. Duffy, J. C. McDonald, O. J. A. Schueller and G. M. Whitesides: Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems in poly (dimethylsiloxane). Anal. Chem., 70(23), 4974-4984(1998)
41. L. Chen, J. C. Ren, R. Bi and D. Chen: Ultraviolet sealing and poly (dimethylacrylamide) modification for poly (dimethylsiloxane)/glass microchips. Electrophoresis, 25(6), 914-921(2004) (Pubitemid 38401384)
42. S. W. Hu, X. Q. Ren, M. Bachman, C. E. Sims, G. P. Li and N. L. Allbritton: Surface-directed, graft polymerization within microfluidic channels. Anal. Chem., 76(7), 1865-1870(2004) (Pubitemid 38451501)
43. S. W. Hu, X. Q. Ren, M. Bachman, C. E. Sims, G. P. Li and N. Allbritton: Surface modification of poly (dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices by ultraviolet polymer grafting. Anal. Chem., 74(16), 4117-4123(2002) (Pubitemid 34912912)
44. B. E. Slentz, N. A. Penner and F. E. Regnier: Capillary electrochromatography of peptides on microfabricated poly (dimethylsiloxane) chips modified by cerium (IV)-catalyzed polymerization. J. Chromatogr. A, 948(1-2), 225-233(2002) (Pubitemid 34188462)
45. D. Q. Xiao, T. Van Le and M. J. Wirth: Surface modification of the channels of poly (dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chips with polyacrylamide for fast electrophoretic separations of proteins. Anal. Chem., 76(7), 2055-2061(2004) (Pubitemid 38451527)
46. T. L. Yang, S. Y. Jung, H. B. Mao and P. S. Cremer: Fabrication of phospholipid bilayer-coated microchannels for on-chip immunoassays. Anal. Chem., 73(2), 165-169(2001) (Pubitemid 32061824)
47. V. Linder, E. Verpoorte, W. Thormann, N. F. de Rooij and M. Sigrist: Surface biopassivation of replicated poly (dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic channels and application to heterogeneous immunoreaction with on-chip fluorescence detection. Anal. Chem., 73(17), 4181-4189(2001) (Pubitemid 32830857)
48. J. Lahann, M. Balcells, H. Lu, T. Rodon, K. F. Jensen and R. Langer: Reactive polymer coatings: A first step toward surface engineering of microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem., 75(9), 2117-2122(2003) (Pubitemid 36542353)
49. D. P. Wu, Y. Luo, X. M. Zhou, Z. P. Dai and B. C. Lin: Multilayer poly (vinyl alcohol)-adsorbed coating on poly (dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chips for biopolymer separation. Electrophoresis, 26(1), 211-218(2005) (Pubitemid 40202138)
50. D. P. Wu, B. X. Zhao, Z. P. Dai, J. H. Qin and B. C. Lin: Grafting epoxy-modified hydrophilic polymers onto poly (dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chip to resist nonspecific protein adsorption. Lab Chip, 6(7), 942-947(2006)
51. J. S. Buch, P. C. Wang, D. L. DeVoe and C. S. Lee: Fieldeffect flow control in a polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic system. Electrophoresis, 22(18), 3902-3907(2001) (Pubitemid 33040207)
52. C. T. Culbertson, R. S. Ramsey and J. M. Ramsey: Electroosmotically induced hydraulic pumping on microchips: Differential ion transport. Anal. Chem., 72(10), 2285-2291(2000) (Pubitemid 30322293)
53. T. E. McKnight, C. T. Culbertson, S. C. Jacobson and J. M. Ramsey: Electroosmotically induced hydraulic pumping with integrated electrodes on microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem., 73(16), 4045-4049(2001) (Pubitemid 32896183)
54. R. Probstein: Physicochemical Hydrodynamics. New York, wiley, (1994)
55. G. J. M. Bruin: Recent developments in electrokinetically driven analysis on microfabricated devices. Electrophoresis, 21(18), 3931-3951(2000) (Pubitemid 32039729)
56. H. Makamba, J. H. Kim, K. Lim, N. Park and J. H. Hahn: Surface modification of poly (dimethylsiloxane) microchannels. Electrophoresis, 24(21), 3607-3619(2003) (Pubitemid 38089163)
57. L. Bousse, C. Cohen, T. Nikiforov, A. Chow, A. R. Kopf-Sill, R. Dubrow and J. W. Parce: Electrokinetically controlled microfluidic analysis systems. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct., 29, 155-181(2000) (Pubitemid 30599591)
58. S. H. Yao, D. E. Hertzog, S. L. Zeng, J. C. Mikkelsen and J. G. Santiago: Porous glass electroosmotic pumps: design and experiments. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 268(1), 143-153(2003) (Pubitemid 37377993)
59. R. L. Panton: Incompressible Flow. John Wiley and Sons, (1984)
60. C. T. Crowe: Engineering Fluid Mechanics, 7th Edition. John Wiley and Sons, (2000)
61. A. E. Kamholz and P. Yager: Molecular diffusive scaling laws in pressure-driven microfluidic channels: deviation from one-dimensional Einstein approximations. Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 82(1), 117-121(2002) (Pubitemid 34065058)
62. A. E. Kamholz, B. H. Weigl, B. A. Finlayson and P. Yager: Quantitative analysis of molecular interaction in a microfluidic channel: The T-sensor. Anal. Chem., 71(23), 5340-5347(1999) (Pubitemid 129563252)
63. W. C. Jackson, T. A. Bennett, B. S. Edwards, E. Prossnitz, G. P. Lopez and L. A. Sklar: Performance of inline microfluidic mixers in laminar flow for highthroughput flow cytometry. Biotechniques, 33(1), 220-226(2002) (Pubitemid 34791141)
64. A. Hatch, A. E. Kamholz, K. R. Hawkins, M. S. Munson, E. A. Schilling, B. H. Weigl and P. Yager: A rapid diffusion immunoassay in a T-sensor. Nat. Biotechnol., 19(5), 461-465(2001) (Pubitemid 32428290)
65. W. Zhan, J. Alvarez and R. M. Crooks: A two-channel microfluidic sensor that uses anodic electrogenerated chemiluminescence as a photonic reporter of cathodic redox reactions. Anal. Chem., 75(2), 313-318(2003) (Pubitemid 36123995)
66. T. Buranda, J. M. Huang, V. H. Perez-Luna, B. Schreyer, L. A. Sklar and G. P. Lopez: Biomolecular recognition on well-characterized beads packed in microfluidic channels. Anal. Chem., 74(5), 1149-+ (2002)
67. H. B. Mao, M. A. Holden, M. You and P. S. Cremer: Reusable platforms for high-throughput on-chip temperature gradient assays. Anal. Chem., 74(19), 5071-5075(2002)
68. S. H. Chen, Y. H. Lin, L. Y. Wang, C. C. Lin and G. B. Lee: Flow-through sampling for electrophoresis-based microchips and their applications for protein analysis. Anal. Chem., 74(19), 5146-5153(2002)
69. J. Pihl, J. Sinclair, E. Sahlin, M. Karlsson, F. Petterson, J. Olofsson and O. Orwar: Microfluidic gradient-generating device for pharmacological profiling. Anal. Chem., 77(13), 3897-3903(2005) (Pubitemid 40934250)
70. C. C. Lin, C. C. Chen, C. E. Lin and S. H. Chen: Microchip electrophoresis with hydrodynamic injection and waste-removing function for quantitative analysis. J. Chromatogr. A, 1051(1-2), 69-74(2004)
71. J. H. Qin, N. N. Ye, X. Liu and B. C. Lin: Microfluidic devices for the analysis of apoptosis. Electrophoresis, 26(19), 3780-3788(2005) (Pubitemid 41512030)
72. R. Zhong: Fabrication of two-weir structure-based packed columns for on-chip solid-phase extraction of DNA. Electrophoresis, in press, 28, 2920-2926(2007) (Pubitemid 47323850)
73. C. Futterer, N. Minc, V. Bormuth, J. H. Codarbox, P. Laval, J. Rossier and J. L. Viovy: Injection and flow control system for microchannels. Lab Chip, 4(4), 351-356(2004) (Pubitemid 39150237)
74. J. Liu, C. Hansen and S. R. Quake: Solving the "worldto-chip" interface problem with a microfluidic matrix. Anal. Chem., 75(18), 4718-4723(2003) (Pubitemid 37139770)
75. T. Thorsen, S. J. Maerkl and S. R. Quake: Microfluidic large-scale integration. Science, 298(5593), 580-584(2002) (Pubitemid 35215308)
76. A. Y. Fu, H. P. Chou, C. Spence, F. H. Arnold and S. R. Quake: An integrated microfabricated cell sorter. Anal. Chem., 74(11), 2451-2457(2002) (Pubitemid 34602512)
77. S. R. Quake and A. Scherer: From micro-to nanofabrication with soft materials. Science, 290(5496), 1536-1540(2000)
78. M. A. Unger, H. P. Chou, T. Thorsen, A. Scherer and S. R. Quake: Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography. Science, 288(5463), 113-116(2000) (Pubitemid 30203039)
79. V. Studer, R. Jameson, E. Pellereau, A. Pepin and Y. Chen: A microfluidic mammalian cell sorter based on fluorescence detection. Microelectron. Eng., 73-74, 852-857(2004)
80. A. R. Wheeler, W. R. Throndset, R. J. Whelan, A. M. Leach, R. N. Zare, Y. H. Liao, K. Farrell, I. D. Manger and A. Daridon: Microfluidic device for single-cell analysis. Anal. Chem., 75(14), 3581-3586(2003) (Pubitemid 36871251)
81. Y. C. Wang, M. N. Choi and J. Y. Han: Two-dimensional protein separation with advanced sample and buffer isolation using microfluidic valves. Anal. Chem., 76(15), 4426-4431(2004)
82. A. M. Leach, A. R. Wheeler and R. N. Zare: Flow injection analysis in a microfluidic format. Anal. Chem., 75(4), 967-972(2003) (Pubitemid 36232456)
83. C. C. Lee, G. D. Sui, A. Elizarov, C. Y. J. Shu, Y. S. Shin, A. N. Dooley, J. Huang, A. Daridon, P. Wyatt, D. Stout, H. C. Kolb, O. N. Witte, N. Satyamurthy, J. R. Heath, M. E. Phelps, S. R. Quake and H. R. Tseng: Multistep synthesis of a radiolabeled imaging probe using integrated microfluidics. Science, 310(5755), 1793-1796(2005) (Pubitemid 41814377)
84. E. A. Ottesen, J. W. Hong, S. R. Quake and J. R. Leadbetter: Microfluidic digital PCR enables multigene analysis of individual environmental bacteria. Science, 314(5804), 1464-1467(2006) (Pubitemid 44871954)
85. J. N. Lee, C. Park and G. M. Whitesides: Solvent compatibility of poly (dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem., 75(23), 6544-6554(2003) (Pubitemid 37493912)
86. W. H. Grover, A. M. Skelley, C. N. Liu, E. T. Lagally and R. A. Mathies: Monolithic membrane valves and diaphragm pumps for practical large-scale integration into glass microfluidic devices. Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 89(3), 315-323(2003)
87. J. M. Karlinsey, J. Monahan, D. J. Marchiarullo, J. P. Ferrance and J. P. Landers: Pressure injection on a valved microdevice for electrophoretic analysis of submicroliter samples. Anal. Chem., 77(11), 3637-3643(2005) (Pubitemid 40799855)
88. J. P. Rolland, R. M. Van Dam, D. A. Schorzman, S. R. Quake and J. M. DeSimone: Solvent-resistant photocurable "liquid teflon" for microfluidic device fabrication. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126(8), 2322-2323(2004) (Pubitemid 38295709)
89. B. Yao, G. A. Luo, X. Feng, W. Wang, L. X. Chen and Y. M. Wang: A microfluidic device based on gravity and electric force driving for flow cytometry and fluorescence activated cell sorting. Lab Chip, 4(6), 603-607(2004) (Pubitemid 39657913)
90. P. Ertl, C. A. Emrich, P. Singhal and R. A. Mathies: Capillary electrophoresis chips with a sheath-flow supported electrochemical detection system. Anal. Chem., 76(13), 3749-3755(2004) (Pubitemid 38868839)
91. P. Morier, C. Vollet, P. E. Michel, F. Reymond and J. S. Rossier: Gravity-induced convective flow in microfluidic systems: Electrochemical characterization and application to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Electrophoresis, 25(21-22), 3761-3768(2004) (Pubitemid 40012131)
92. H. W. Gai, Q. Wang, Y. F. Ma and B. C. Lin: Correlations between molecular numbers and molecular masses in an evanescent field and their applications in probing molecular interactions. Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 44(32), 5107-5110(2005) (Pubitemid 41188555)
93. H. W. Gai, Y. Li, Z. Silber-Li, Y. F. Ma and B. C. Lin: Simultaneous measurements of the flow velocities in a microchannel by wide/evanescent field illuminations with particle/single molecules. Lab Chip, 5(4), 443-449(2005) (Pubitemid 40525037)
94. H. W. Gai, L. F. Yu, Z. P. Dai, Y. F. Ma and B. C. Lin: Injection by hydrostatic pressure in conjunction with electrokinetic force on a microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis, 25(12), 1888-1894(2004)
95. V. Namasivayam, K. Handique, D. T. Burke, R. G. Larson and M. A. Burns: A Microfabricated valveless pump for delivering non-pulsatile flow. In: Microfluidic Devices and Systems Iii. Ed C. H. Mastrangelo & H. Becker. Spie-Int Society Optical Engineering, Bellingham (2000)
96. D. Juncker, H. Schmid, U. Drechsler, H. Wolf, M. Wolf, B. Michel, N. de Rooij and E. Delamarche: Autonomous microfluidic capillary system. Anal. Chem., 74(24), 6139-6144(2002) (Pubitemid 36025155)
97. N. Goedecke, J. Eijkel and A. Manz: Evaporation driven pumping for chromatography application. Lab Chip, 2(4), 219-223(2002) (Pubitemid 37254483)
98. M. Zimmermann, S. Bentley, H. Schmid, P. Hunziker and E. Delamarche: Continuous flow in open microfluidics using controlled evaporation. Lab Chip, 5(12), 1355-1359(2005) (Pubitemid 41785258)
99. Y. X. Guan, Z. R. Xu, J. Dai and Z. L. Fang: The use of a micropump based on capillary and evaporation effects in a microfluidic flow injection chemiluminescence system. Talanta, 68(4), 1384-1389(2006) (Pubitemid 43088716)
100. M. A. Burns, C. H. Mastrangelo, T. S. Sammarco, F. P. Man, J. R. Webster, B. N. Johnson, B. Foerster, D. Jones, Y. Fields, A. R. Kaiser and D. T. Burke: Microfabricated structures for integrated DNA analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 93(11), 5556-5561(1996) (Pubitemid 26159489)
101. S. K. Cho, H. J. Moon and C. J. Kim: Creating, transporting, cutting, and merging liquid droplets by electrowetting-based actuation for digital microfluidic circuits. J. Microelectromech. Syst., 12(1), 70-80(2003)
102. M. G. Pollack, A. D. Shenderov and R. B. Fair: Electrowetting-based actuation of droplets for integrated microfluidics. Lab Chip, 2(2), 96-101(2002) (Pubitemid 37254508)
103. P. Paik, V. K. Pamula and R. B. Fair: Rapid droplet mixers for digital microfluidic systems. Lab Chip, 3(4), 253-259(2003) (Pubitemid 41646532)
104. P. Paik, V. K. Pamula, M. G. Pollack and R. B. Fair: Electrowetting-based droplet mixers for microfluidic systems. Lab Chip, 3(1), 28-33(2003) (Pubitemid 41646512)
105. J. M. Kohler and T. Henkel: Chip devices for miniaturized biotechnology. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 69(2), 113-125(2005) (Pubitemid 41795084)
106. J. H. Min and A. Baeumner: The micro-total analytical system for the detection of bacteria/viruses. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(1), 1-8(2003)
107. F. Mugele and J. C. Baret: Electrowetting: From basics to applications. J. Phys.-Condes. Matter, 17(28), R705-R774(2005) (Pubitemid 40970543)
108. J. Steigert, M. Grumann, T. Brenner, L. Riegger, J. Harter, R. Zengerle and J. Ducree: Fully integrated whole blood testing by real-time absorption measurement on a centrifugal platform. Lab Chip, 6(8), 1040-1044(2006) (Pubitemid 44141680)
109. J. Steigert, M. Grumann, M. Dube, W. Streule, L. Riegger, T. Brenner, P. Koltay, K. Mittmann, R. Zengerle and J. Ducree: Direct hemoglobin measurement on a centrifugal microfluidic platform for point-of-care diagnostics. Sens. Actuator A-Phys., 130, 228-233(2006) (Pubitemid 44037356)
110. L. Riegger, M. Grumann, T. Nann, J. Riegler, O. Ehlert, W. Bessler, K. Mittenbuehler, G. Urban, L. Pastewka, T. Brenner, R. Zengerle and J. Ducree: Read-out concepts for multiplexed bead-based fluorescence immunoassays on centrifugal microfluidic platforms. Sens. Actuator A-Phys., 126(2), 455-462(2006) (Pubitemid 43165658)
111. M. Grumann, A. Geipel, L. Riegger, R. Zengerle and J. Ducree: Batch-mode mixing on centrifugal microfluidic platforms. Lab Chip, 5(5), 560-565(2005) (Pubitemid 40676825)
112. L. G. Puckett, E. Dikici, S. Lai, M. Madou, L. G. Bachas and S. Daunert: Investigation into the applicability of the centrifugal microfluidics development of proteinplatform for the ligand binding assays incorporating enhanced green fluorescent protein as a fluorescent reporter. Anal. Chem., 76(24), 7263-7268(2004) (Pubitemid 39657996)
113. S. Lai, S. N. Wang, J. Luo, L. J. Lee, S. T. Yang and M. J. Madou: Design of a compact disk-like microfluidic platform for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anal. Chem., 76(7), 1832-1837(2004) (Pubitemid 38451496)
114. M. A. Bynum and G. B. Gordon: Hybridization enhancement using microfluidic planetary centrifugal mixing. Anal. Chem., 76(23), 7039-7044(2004) (Pubitemid 39600878)
115. N. Honda, U. Lindberg, P. Andersson, S. Hoffman and H. Takei: Simultaneous multiple immunoassays in a compact disc-shaped microfluidic device based on centrifugal force. Clin. Chem., 51(10), 1955-1961(2005) (Pubitemid 41368195)
116. M. Inganas, H. Derand, A. Eckersten, G. Ekstrand, A. K. Honerud, G. Jesson, G. Thorsen, T. Soderman and P. Andersson: Integrated microfluidic compact disc device with potential use in both centralized and point-of-care laboratory settings. Clin. Chem., 51(10), 1985-1987(2005) (Pubitemid 41368200)
117. S. K. Lee, G. R. Yi and S. M. Yang: High-speed fabrication of patterned colloidal photonic structures in centrifugal microfluidic chips. Lab Chip, 6(9), 1171-1177(2006)
118. M. Gustafsson, D. Hirschberg, C. Palmberg, H. Jornvall and T. Bergman: Integrated sample preparation and MALDI mass spectrometry on a microfluidic compact disk. Anal. Chem., 76(2), 345-350(2004) (Pubitemid 38090770)