p38 MAP kinase mediated proteoglycan synthesis as a target for the prevention of atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular and Hematological Disorders - Drug Targets

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 287-292

  Osman, Narin ^a,b   Ballinger, Mandy L ^a   Dadlani, Harsha M ^a   Getachew, Robel ^a,c   Burch, Micah L ^a,b   Little, Peter J ^a,b,c  

^a BAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Glycosaminoglycans; p38 MAP kinase; Proteoglycans; Vascular smooth muscle

Indexed keywords

4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 2 (4 HYDROXYPHENYL) 5 (4 PYRIDYL)IMIDAZOLE; 4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 2 (4 METHYLSULFINYLPHENYL) 5 (4 PYRIDYL)IMIDAZOLE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38 INHIBITOR; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR AGONIST; PROTEOGLYCAN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; VASOACTIVE AGENT; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR;

ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR INFLAMMATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DNA DAMAGE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESEARCH; DRUG SCREENING; DRUG SYNTHESIS; DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GLYCOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PROTEIN CARBOHYDRATE INTERACTION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN TARGETING; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE; ANIMAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG EFFECT; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HUMANS; MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR; P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS; PROTEOGLYCANS; RISK FACTORS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

EID: 60549089973     PISSN: 1871529X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187152908786786205     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Ross, R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 1999, 340(2), 115-26.
2. Davies, M.J. Stability and instability: two faces of coronary atherosclerosis. The Paul Dudley White Lecture 1995. Circulation, 1996, 94(8), 2013-20.
3. Falk, E. Morphologic features of unstable atherothrombotic plaques underlying acute coronary syndromes. Am. J. Cardiol., 1989, 63(10), 114E-120E.
4. Haffner, S.M.; D'Agostino, R.; Jr, Mykkanen, L.; Tracy, R.; Howard, B.; Rewers, M.; Selby, J.; Savage, P.J.; Saad, M F. Insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Relationship to cardiovascular risk factors: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes Care, 1999, 22(4), 562-8.
5. Pignone, M.; Phillips, C.; Mulrow, C. Use of lipid lowering drugs for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ, 2000, 321(7267):983-6.
6. Plutzky, J. Inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. Am. J. Cardiol., 2001, 88(8A), 10K-15K.
7. Libby, P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 2002, 420(6917), 868-74.
8. Tabas, I.; Williams, K.J.; Boren, J. Subendothelial lipoprotein retention as the initiating process in atherosclerosis: update and therapeutic implications. Circulation, 2007, 116(16), 1832-44.
9. Little, P.J.; Ballinger, M.L.; Osman, N. Vascular wall proteoglycan synthesis and structure as a target for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Vasc. Health Risk Manag., 2007, 3, 1-8.
10. Nakashima, Y.; Fujii, H.; Sumiyoshi, S.; Wight, T.N.; Sueishi, K. Early human atherosclerosis: accumulation of lipid and proteoglycans in intimal thickenings followed by macrophage infiltration. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2007, 27(5), 1159-65.
11. O'Brien, K.D.; Olin, K.L.; Alpers, C.E.; Chiu, W.; Ferguson, M.; Hudkins, K.; Wight, T.N.; Chait, A. Comparison of apolipoprotein and proteoglycan deposits in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques: colocalization of biglycan with apolipoproteins. Circulation, 1998, 98(6), 519-27.
12. Little, P.J.; Osman, N.; O'Brien, K.D. Hyperelongated biglycan: the surreptitious initiator of atherosclerosis. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2008, 19, 448-454.
13. Williams K.J.; Tabas I. The response-to-retention hypothesis of early atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1995, 15(5), 551-61.
14. Williams, K.J.; Tabas, I. The response-to-retention hypothesis of atherogenesis reinforced. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 1998, 9(5), 471-4.
15. Ballinger, M.L.; Nigro, J.; Frontanilla, K.V.; Dart, A.M.; Little, P.J. Regulation of glycosaminoglycan structure and atherogenesis. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 2004, 61(11), 1296-306.
16. Gustafsson, M.; Levin, M.; Skålén, K.; Perman, J.; Fridén, V.; Jirholt, P.; Olofsson, S.O; Fazio, S.; Linton, M.F.; Semenkovich, C.F.; Olivecrona, G.; Borén, J. Retention of low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of the mouse: evidence for a role of lipoprotein lipase. Circ. Res., 2007, 101(8), 777-83.
17. Little, P.J.; Tannock, L.; Olin, K.L.; Chait, A.; Wight, T.N. Proteoglycans synthesized by arterial smooth muscle cells in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta1 exhibit increased binding to LDLs. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2002, 22(1), 55-60.
18. Figueroa, J.E.; Vijayagopal, P. Angiotensin II stimulates synthesis of vascular smooth muscle cell proteoglycans with enhanced low density lipoprotein binding properties. Atherosclerosis, 2002, 162(2), 261-268.
19. Chang, M.Y.; Potter-Perigo, S.; Tsoi, C.; Chait, A.; Wight, T.N. Oxidized low density lipoproteins regulate synthesis of monkey aortic smooth muscle cell proteoglycans that have enhanced native low density lipoprotein binding properties. J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275(7), 4766-73.
20. Tannock, L.R.; Little, P.V.; Tsoi, C.; Barrett, P.H.R.; Wight, T.N.; Chait, A.; Thiazolidine-diones reduce the LOL binding affinity of non-human primate vascular cell proteoglycans. Diabetologia, 2004, 47(5), 837-843.
21. Nigro, J.; Ballinger, M.; Dilley, R.; Jennings, G.; Wight, T.; Little, P. Fenofibrate modifies human vascular smooth muscle proteoglycans and reduces LDL binding. Diabetologia, 2004, 47, 2105-13.
22. Survase, S.; Ivey, M.E.; Nigro, J.; Osman, N.; Little, P.J. Actions of calcium channel blockers on vascular proteoglycan synthesis: relationship to atherosclerosis. Vasc. Health Risk Manag., 2005, 1(3), 199-208.
23. Little, P.J.; Osman, N.; de Dios, S.T.; Cemerlang, N.; Ballinger, M.; Nigro, J. Anti-proliferative activity of oral anti hyperglycemic agents on human vascular smooth muscle cells: thiazolidinediones (glitazones) have enhanced activity under high glucose conditions. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2007, 6(1), 33.
24. Johnson, G.L.; Lapadat, R. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 protein kinases. Science, 2002, 298(5600), 1911-2.
25. Bouallegue, A.; Daou, G.B.; Srivastava, A.K. Endothelin-1-induced signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol., 2007, 5(1), 45-52.
26. Kamimura, M.; Bea, F.; Akizawa, T.; Katus, H.A.; Kreuzer, J.; Viedt, C. Platelet-derived growth factor induces tissue factor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells via activation of Egr-1. Hypertension, 2004, 44(6), 944-51.
27. Zhou, L.; Opalinska, J.; Verma, A. p38 MAP kinase regulates stem cell apoptosis in human hematopoietic failure. Cell Cycle, 2007, 6(5), 534-7.
28. Yogi, A.; Callera, G.E.; Montezano, A.C.; Aranha, A.B.; Tostes, R.C.; Schiffrin, E.L.; Touyz, R.M. Endothelin-1, but not Ang II, Activates MAP Kinases Through c-Src-Independent Ras-Raf-Dependent Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2007.
29. Nigro, J.; Osman, N.; Dart, A.M.; Little, P.J. Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis. Endocr. Rev., 2006, 27(3), 242-259.
30. Yamaguchi, H.; Igarashi, M.; Hirata, A.; Sugae, N.; Tsuchiya, H.; Jimbu, Y.; Tominaga, M.; Kato, T. Altered PDGF-BB-induced p38 MAP kinase activation in diabetic vascular smooth muscle cells: roles of protein kinase C-delta. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2004, 24(11), 2095-101.
31. McGillicuddy, F.C.; O'Toole, D.; Hickey, J.A.; Gallagher, W.M.; Dawson, K.A.; Keenan, A.K. TGF-beta1-induced thrombospondin-1 expression through the p38 MAPK pathway is abolished by fluvastatin in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Vascul. Pharmacol., 2006, 44(6), 469-75.
32. Kusuhara, M.; Takahashi, E.; Peterson, T.E.; Abe, J.; Ishida, M.; Han, J.; Ulevitch, R.; Berk, B.C. p38 Kinase is a Negative Regulator of Angiotensin II Signal Transduction in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Effects on Na+/H+ Exchange and ERK1/2. Circ. Res., 1998, 83, 824-831.
33. Massague, J.; Seoane, J.; Wotton, D. Smad transcription factors. Genes Dev., 2005, 19(23), 2783-810.
34. Dadlani, H.; Ballinger, M.L.; Osman, N.; Getachew, R.; Little, P.J. Smadandp38 MAP kinase-mediated signaling of proteoglycan synthesis in vascular smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem., 2008, 283(12), 7844-52.
35. Bobik, A.; Agrotis, A.; Kanellakis, P.; Dilley, R.; Krushinsky, A.; Smirnov, V.; Tararak, E.; Condron, M.; Kostolias, G. Distinct patterns of transforming growth factor-beta isoform and receptor expression in human atherosclerotic lesions. Colocalization implicates TGF-beta in fibrofatty lesion development. Circulation, 1999, 99(22), 2883-91.
36. Lee, J.C.; Laydon, J.T.; McDonnell, P.C.; Gallagher, T.F.; Kumar, S.; Green, D.; McNulty, D.; Blumenthal.; M.J.; Heys, J.R.; Landvatter, S.W.; Strickler, J.E.; McLaughlin, M.M.; Siemens, I.R.; Fisher, S.M.; Livi, G.P.; White, J.R.; Adams, J.L.; Young, P.R. A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis. Nature 1994, 372(6508):739-46.
37. Chen, Z.; Gibson, T.B.; Robinson, F.; Silvestro, L.; Pearson, G.; Xu, B.; Wright, A.; Vanderbilt, C.; Cobb, M.H. MAP kinases. Chem. Rev., 2001, 101(8), 2449-76.
38. Raman, M.; Chen, W.; Cobb, M.H. Differential regulation and properties of MAPKs. Oncogene, 2007, 26(22), 3100-12.
39. Ge, B.; Gram, H.; Di, Padova, F.; Huang, B.; New, L.; Ulevitch, R.J.; Luo, Y.; Han, J. MAPKK-independent activation of p38alpha mediated by TAB1-dependent autophosphorylation of p38alpha. Science, 2002, 295(5558), 1291-4.
40. Regan, J.; Breitfelder, S.; Cirillo, P.; Gilmore, T.; Graham, A.G.; Hickey, E.; Klaus, B.; Madwed, J.; Moriak, M.; Moss, N.; Pargellis, C.; Pav, S.; Proto, A.; Swinamer, A.; Tong, L.; Torcellini, C. Pyrazole urea-based inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase: from lead compound to clinical candidate. J. Med. Chem., 2002, 45(14), 2994-3008.
41. Davies, S.P.; Reddy, H.; Caivano, M.; Cohen, P. Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. Biochem. J., 2000, 351(Pt 1), 95-105.
42. Jiang, Y.; Chen, C.; Li, Z.; Guo, W.; Gegner, J.A.; Lin, S.; Han, J. Characterization of the structure and function of a new mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38beta). J. Biol. Chem., 1996, 271(30), 17920-6.
43. Nakashima, Y.; Wight, T.N.; Sueishi, K. Early atherosclerosis in humans: role of diffuse intimal thickening and extracellular matrix proteoglycans. Cardiovasc. Res., 2008, 79(1), 14-23.
44. Pye, D.A.; Vives, R.R.; Turnbull. J.E.; Hyde, P.; Gallagher, J.T. Heparan sulfate oligosaccharides require 6-O-sulfation for promotion of basic fibroblast growth factor mitogenic activity. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273(36), 22936-42.
45. Evanko, S,P.; Raines, E.W.; Ross, R.; Gold, L.I.; Wight, T.N. Proteoglycan distribution in lesions of atherosclerosis depends on lesion severity, structural characteristics, and the proximity of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. Am. J. Pathol., 1998, 152(2), 533-46.
46. O'Brien, K.D.; Gordon, D.; Deeb, S.; Ferguson, M.; Chait, A. Lipoprotein lipase is synthesized by macrophage-derived foam cells in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. J. Clin. Invest., 1992, 89(5), 1544-50.
47. Skålén, K.; Gustafsson, M.; Rydberg, E.K.; Hultén, L.M.; Wiklund, O.; Innerarity, T.L.; Borén, J. Subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in early atherosclerosis. Nature, 2002, 417(6890), 750-4.
48. Reichl, D.; Rudra, D.N.; Myant, NB.; Pflug, J.J. Further evidence for the role of high density lipoprotein in the removal of tissue cholesterol in vivo. Atherosclerosis, 1982, 44(1), 73-84.
49. Ungefroren, H.; Lenschow, W.; Chen, W.B.; Faendrich, F.; Kalthoff, H. Regulation of biglycan gene expression by transforming growth factor-beta requires MKK6-p38 mitogen-activated protein Kinase signaling downstream of Smad signaling. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278(13), 11041-9.
50. Ungefroren, H.; Groth, S.; Ruhnke, M.; Kalthoff, H.; Fandrich, F. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor/ ALK5-dependent activation of the GADD45beta gene mediates the induction of biglycan expression by TGF-beta. J. Biol. Chem., 2005, 280(4), 2644-52.
51. Groth, S.; Schulze, M.; Kalthoff, H.; Fandrich, F.; Ungefroren, H. Adhesion and Rac1-dependent regulation of biglycan gene expression by transforming growth factor-beta. Evidence for oxidative signaling through NADPH oxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280(39): 33190-9.
52. Santander, C.; Brandan, E. Betaglycan induces TGF-beta signaling in a ligand-independent manner, through activation of the p38 pathway. Cell Signal., 2006, 18(9), 1482-91.
53. Pante, C.; Milting, H.; Kassner, A.; Farr, M.; Ambrosius, M.; Schön, S.; Seidler, D.G.; Banayosy, A.E.; Körfer, R.; Kuhn, J.; Kleesiek, K.; Götting, C. Transforming Growth Factor beta1-regulated Xylosyltransferase I Activity in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts and Its Impact for Myocardial Remodeling. J. Biol. Chem., 2007, 282(36), 26441-9.
54. Igarashi, M.; Wakasaki, H.; Takahara, N.; Ishii, H.; Jiang, Z.Y.; Yamauchi, T.; Kuboki, K.; Meier, M.; Rhodes, C.J.; King, G.L. Glucose or diabetes activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase via different pathways. J. Clin. Invest., 1999, 103(2), 185-95.
55. Campbell, M.; Allen, W.E.; Sawyer, C.; Vanhaesebroeck, B.; Trimble, E.R. Glucose-potentiated chemotaxis in human vascular smooth muscle is dependent on cross-talk between the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways. Circ. Res., 2004, 95(4), 380-8.
56. McGinn, S.; Saad, S.; Poronnik, P.; Pollock, C.A. High glucose-mediated effects on endothelial cell proliferation occur via p38 MAP kinase. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, 285(4), E708-17.
57. Kanda, Y.; Watanabe, Y. Thrombin-induced glucose transport via Src-p38 MAPK pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2005, 146(1), 60-7.
58. Fiuza, C.; Bustin, M.; Talwar, S.; Tropea, M.; Gerstenberger, E.; Shelhamer, J.H.; Suffredini, A.F. Inflammation-promoting activity of HMGB1 on human microvascular endothelial cells. Blood, 2003, 101(7), 2652-60.
59. Plutzky, J. Medicine. PPARs as therapeutic targets: reverse cardiology? Science, 2003, 302(5644), 406-7.
60. Vemuri, V.K.; Janero, D.R.; Makriyannis, A. Pharmacotherapeutic targeting of the endocannabinoid signaling system: drugs for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Physiol. Behav., 2008, 93(4-5), 671-86.