Ethylene-dependent and -independent regulation of abscission

Stewart Postharvest Review

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Binder, Brad M ^a   Patterson, Sara E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Abscission; Auxin; Ethylene; Hormones; Jasmonate; Peptides; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

EID: 60249089249     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17459656     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2212/spr.2009.1.1     Document Type: Review

References (154)

1. Jensen TE and Valdovinos JG. Fine structure of abscission zones. Planta 1967: 77: 298-318.
2. Addicott FT. Abscission. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1982.
3. Osborne DJ. Abscission. Current Review of Plant Science 1989: 8: 103-129.
4. Roberts JA, Whitelaw CA, Gonzalez-Carranza ZH and McManus MT. Cell separation processes in plants: models, mechanisms, and manipulation. Annals of Botany 2000: 86: 223-235.
5. Hadfield K and Bennett AB. Polygalacturonases: many genes in search of a function. Plant Physiology 1998: 117: 337-343.
6. Hepworth SR, Zhang Y, McKim S, Li X and Haughn GW. BLADE-ON-PETIOLE- dependent signaling controls leaf and floral patterning in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2005: 17: 1434-1448.
7. Norberg M, Holmlund M and Nilsson O. The BLADE ON PETIOLE genes act redundantly to control the growth and development of lateral organs. Development 2005: 132: 2203-2213.
8. McKim SM, Stenvik G-E, Butenko MA, Kristiansen W, Cho SK, Hep-worth SR, Aalen RB and Haughn GW. The BLADE-ON-PETIOLE genes are essential for abscission zone formation in Arabidopsis. Devel-opment 2008: 135: 1537-1546.
9. Lewis MW, Leslie ME and Liljegren SJ. Plant separation: 50 ways to leave your mother. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2006: 9: 59-65.
10. Aalen RB, Butenko MA, Stenvik G-E, Tandstad NM and Patterson SE. Genetic control of floral abscission. In: Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues. Vol. I. Edited by Teixeira da Silva, JA (editors). London: Global Science Books. 2006 pp. 101-108.
11. Patterson SE. Cutting loose. Abscission and dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 2001: 126: 494-500.
12. Agusti J, Merelo P, Cercos M, Tadeo FR and Talon M. Ethylene-induced differential gene expression during abscission of citrus leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 2008: 59: 2717-2733.
13. Cai S and Lashbrook CC. Stamen abscission zone transcriptome profiling reveals new candidates for abscission control: Enhanced retention of floral organs in transgenic plants overexpressing Arabidopsis ZINC FIN-GER PROTEIN2. Plant Physiology 2008: 146: 1305-1321.
14. Malladi A and Burns JK. CsPLD{alpha}1 and CsPLD{gamma}1 are differentially induced during leaf and fruit abscission and diurnally regulated in Citrus sinensis. Journal of Experimental Botany 2008: 59: 3729-3739.
15. Mattoo AK and Suttle JC. In: The Plant Hormone Ethylene. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc.; 1991: pp 1-337.
16. Abeles F, Morgan P and Saltveit MJ. In: Ethylene in Plant Biology. Second Ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1992 pp 1-414.
17. Neljubov D. Uber die horizontale nutation der stengel von Pisum sativum und einiger anderer pflanzen. Beih Bot Zentralb 1901: 10: 128-139.
18. Gane R. Production of ethylene by some fruits. Nature 1934: 134: 1008.
19. Hall B, Shakeel S and Schaller G. Ethylene Receptors: Ethylene perception and signal transduction. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2007: 26: 118-130.
20. Kendrick MD and Chang C. Ethylene signaling: new levels of complexity and regulation. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2008: 11: 479-185.
21. Bleecker AB and Kende H. Ethylene: A gaseous signal molecule in plants. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 2000: 1-18.
22. Yang SF and Hoffmann NL. Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 1984: 35: 155-189.
23. Adams DO and Yang SF. Ethylene biosynthesis: identification of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as an intermediate in the conversion of methionine to ethylene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1979: 76: 326-330.
24. Argueso CT, Hansen M and Kieber JJ. Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2007: 26: 92-105.
25. Evans DE, Bengochea T, Cairns AJ, Dodds JH and Hall MA. Studies on ethylene binding by cell-free preparations from cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L.: Subcellular localization. Plant, Cell and Environment 1982: 5: 101-1077
26. Evans DE, Dodds JH, Lloyd PC, apGwynn I and Hall MA. A study of the subcellular localisation of an ethylene binding site in developing cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L. by high resolution autoradiography. Planta 1982: 154: 48-52.
27. Chen Y-F, Randlett MD, Findell JL and Schaller GE. Localization of the ethylene receptor ETR1 to the endoplasmic reticulum of Arabidopsis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002: 277: 19861-19866.
28. Chen Y-F, Shakeel SN, Bowers J, Zhao X-C, Etheridge N and Schaller GE. Ligand-induced degradation of the ethylene receptor ETR2 through a proteasome-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007: 282: 24752-24758.
29. Grefen C, Stadele K, Ruzicka K, Obrdlik P, Harter K and Horak J. Subcellular localization and in vivo interactions of the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene receptor family members. Molecular Plant 2007: 1: 308-320
30. Ma B, Cui M-L, Sun H-J, Takada K, Mori H, Kamada H and Ezura H. Subcellular localization and membrane topology of the melon ethylene receptor CmERS1. Plant Physiology 2006: 141: 587-597.
31. Napoli C and Klee H. Phenotype modification in horticultural crops through hormonal control. Scientia Horticulturae 1993: 55: 161-175.
32. Resnick JS, Wen C-K, Shockey JA and Chang C. REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1, a conserved gene that regulates ethylene receptor function in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006: 103: 7917-7922.
33. Zhou X, Liu Q, Xie F and Wen C-K. RTE1 is a Golgi-Associated and ETR1-dependent negative regulator of ethylene responses. Plant Physiology 2007: 145: 75-86.
34. Barry CS and Giovannoni JJ. Ripening in the tomato Green-ripe mutant is inhibited by ectopic expression of a protein that disrupts ethylene signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006: 103: 7923-7928
35. Hall AE, Findell JL, Schaller GE, Sisler EC and Bleecker AB. Ethylene perception by the ERS1 protein in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 2000:123: 1449-1457.
36. O'Malley RC, Rodriguez FI, Esch JJ, Binder BM, O'Donnell P, Klee HJ and Bleecker AB. Ethylene-binding activity, gene expression levels, and receptor system output for ethylene receptor family members from Arabi-dopsis and tomato. Plant Journal 2005: 41: 651-659.
37. Schaller GE and Bleecker AB. Ethylene-binding sites generated in yeast expressing the Arabidopsis ETR1 gene. Science 1995: 270: 1809-1811.
38. Bleecker AB, Estelle MA, Somerville C and Kende H. Insensitivity to ethylene conferred by a dominant mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Science 1988: 241: 1086-1089.
39. Kevany BM, Tieman DM, Taylor MG, Cin VD and Klee HJ. Ethylene receptor degradation controls the timing of ripening in tomato fruit. The Plant Journal 2007: 51: 458-467.
40. Binder BM, Rodriguez FI, Bleecker AB and Patterson SE. The effects of group 11 transition metals, including gold, on ethylene binding to the ETR1 receptor and growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Letters 2007:581: 5105-5109.
41. Rodriguez FI, Esch JJ, Hall AE, Binder BM, Schaller GE and Bleecker AB. A copper cofactor for the ethylene receptor ETR1 from Arabidopsis. Science 1999: 283: 996-998.
42. Cancel JD and Larsen PB. Loss-of-function mutations in the ethylene receptor ETR1 cause enhanced sensitivity and exaggerated response to ethylene in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 2002: 129: 1557-1567.
43. Xie F, Liu Q and Wen C-K. Receptor signal output mediated by the ETR1 N-terminus is primarily subfamily I receptor dependent. Plant Physiology 2006: 142: 492-508.
44. Yoo S-D, Cho Y-H, Tena G, Xiong Y and Sheen J. Dual control of nuclear EIN3 by bifurcate MAPK cascades in C2H4 signalling. Nature 2008: 451: 789-795.
45. Solano R, Stepanova A, Chao QM and Ecker JR. Nuclear events in ethyl-ene signaling: a transcriptional cascade mediated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1. Genes &Development 1998: 12: 3703-3714.
46. Ozgen M, Park S and Palta JP. Mitigation of ethylene-promoted leaf senescence by a natural lipid, lysophosphatidylethanolamine. HortScience 2005: 40: 1166-1167.
47. Van Doorn W. Effect of ethylene on flower abscission: A survey. Annals of Botany 2002: 89: 689-693.
48. Brown K. Ethylene and abscission. Physiologia Plantarum 2006: 100:567-576.
49. Patterson SE and Bleecker AB. Ethylene-dependent and -independent processes associated with floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 2004: 134: 194-203.
50. Macnish AJ, Irving DE, Joyce DC, Vithanage V, Wearing AH and Lisle AT. Variation in ethylene-induced postharvest flower abscission responses among Chamelaucium Desf. (Myrtaceae) genotypes. Scientia Horticulture 2004: 102: 415-432.
51. Meir S, Hunter DA, Chen J-C, Halaly V and Reid MS. Molecular changes occurring during acquisition of abscission competence following auxin depletion in Mirabilis jalapa. Plant Physiology 2006: 141: 1604-1616.
52. Okushima Y, Mitina I, Quach HL and Theologis A. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2): a pleiotropic developmental regulator. The Plant Journal 2005: 43: 29-46.
53. Ellis CM, Nagpal P, Young JC, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ and Reed JW. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana.Development 2005: 132: 4563-4574.
54. Hartmond H, Yuan R, Burns JK, Grant A and Kender WJ. Citrus fruit abscission induced by methyl-jasomonate. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2000: 125: 547-552.
55. Beno-Moualem D, Gusev L, Dvir O, Pesis E, Meir S and Lichter A. The effects of ethylene, methyl jasmonate and 1-MCP on abscission of cherry tomatoes from the bunch and expression of endo-1,4-[beta]-glucanases. Plant Science 2004: 167: 499-507.
56. Li L, Zhao Y, McCaig BC, Wingerd BA, Wang J, Whalon ME, Picher-sky E and Howe GA. The tomato homolog of CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1 is required for the maternal control of seed maturation, jasmonate-signaled defense responses, and glandular trichome development. Plant Cell 2004: 16: 126-143.
57. Xie D-X, Feys BF, James S, Nieto-Rostro M and Turner JG. COI1: An Arabidopsis gene required for jasmonate-regulated defense and fertility. Science 1998: 280: 1091-1094.
58. Moon J, Parry G and Estelle M. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and plant development. Plant Cell 2004: 16: 3181-3195.
59. Vierstra RD. The ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway, the complex last chapter in the life of many plant proteins. Trends in Plant Science 2003:8: 135-142.
60. Chini A, Fonseca S, Fernandez G, Adie B, Chico JM, Lorenzo O, Garcia-Casado G, Lopez-Vidriero I, Lozano FM, Ponce MR, Micol JL and Solano R. The JAZ family of repressors is the missing link in jasmonate signalling. Nature 2007: 448: 666-671.
61. Thines B, Katsir L, Melotto M, Niu Y, Mandaokar A, Liu G, Nomura K, He SY, Howe GA and Browse J. JAZ repressor proteins are targets of the SCFCOI1 complex during jasmonate signalling. Nature 2007: 448: 661-665.
62. Yan Y, Stolz S, Chetelat A, Reymond P, Pagni M, Dubugnon L and Farmer EE. A downstream mediator in the growth repression limb of the jasmonate pathway. Plant Cell 2007: 19: 2470-2483.
63. Melotto M, Mecey M, Niu N, Chung HS, Katsir L, Yao J, Zeng W, Thi-nes B, Staswick P, Browse J, Howe GA and He SJ. A critical role of two positively charged amino acids in the Jas motif of Arabidopsis JAZ proteins in mediating coronatine- and jasmonoyl isoleucine-dependent interactions with the COI1 F-box protein. The Plant Journal 2008: 55: 979-988.
64. Lorenzo O, Chico JM, Sanchez-Serrano JJ and Solano R. JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1 encodes a MYC transcription factor essential to discriminate between different jasmonate-regulated defense responses in Arabi-dopsis. Plant Cell 2004: 16: 1938-1950.
65. Lorenzo O and Solano R. Molecular players regulating the jasmonate signalling network. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2005: 8: 532-540.
66. Shinshi H. Ethylene-regulated transcription and crosstalk with jasmonic acid. Plant Science 2008: 175: 18-23.
67. Lorenzo O, Piqueras R, Sanchez-Serrano JJ and Solano R. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 integrates signals from ethylene and jasmonate pathways in plant defense. Plant Cell 2003: 15: 165-178.
68. Penninckx IAMA, Thomma BPHJ, Buchala A, Metraux J-P and Broekaert WF. Concomitant activation of jasmonate and ethylene response pathways Is required for induction of a plant defensin gene in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 1998: 10: 2103-2114.
69. Butenko MA, Patterson SE, Grini PE, Stenvik G-E, Amundsen SS, Man-dal A and Aalen RB. INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION controls floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis and identifies a novel family of putative ligands in plants. Plant Cell 2003: 15: 2296-2307.
70. Butenko MA, Stenvik G-E, Alm V, Saether B, Patterson SE and Aalen RB. Ethylene-dependent and -independent pathways controlling floral abscission are revealed to converge using promoter::reporter gene constructs in the ida abscission mutant. Journal of Experimental Botany2006: 57: 3627-3637.
71. Stenvik G-E, Butenko MA, Urbanowicz BR, Rose JKC and Aalen RB. Overexpression of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION activates cell separation in vestigial abscission zones in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2006: 18: 1467-1476.
72. Stenvik G-E, Tandstad NM, Guo Y, Shi C-L, Kristiansen W, Holmgren A, Clark SE, Aalen RB and Butenko MA. The EPIP peptide of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION is sufficient to induce abscission in Arabidopsis through the receptor-like kinases HAESA and HAESA-LIKE2. Plant Cell 2008: 20: 1805-1817.
73. Cho SK, Larue CT, Chevalier D, Wang H, Jinn T-L, Zhang S and Walker JC. Regulation of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2008: 105: 15629-15634.
74. McManus MT. Further examination of abscission zone cells as ethylene target cells in higher plants. Annals of Botany 2008: 101: 285-292.
75. Thompson DS and Osborne DJ. A role for the stele in intertissue signaling in the initiation of abscission in bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Physiology 1994: 105: 341-347.
76. Gonzalez-Carranza ZH, Rompa U, Peters JL, Bhatt AM, Wagstaff C, Stead AD and Roberts JA. HAWAIIAN SKIRT: An F-box gene that regulates organ fusion and growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 2007: 144: 1370-1382.
77. Farage-Barhom S, Burd S, Sonego L, Perl-Treves R and Lers A. Expression analysis of the BFN1 nuclease gene promoter during senescence, abscission, and programmed cell death-related processes. Journal of Experimental Botany 2008: 59: 3247-3258.
78. Lam SK, Siu CL, Hillmer S, Jang S, An G, Robinson DG and Jiang L. Rice SCAMP1 defines clathrin-coated, trans-Golgi-located tubular-vesicular structures as an early endosome in tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Cell 2007: 19: 296-319.
79. Showler AT. Relationships of abscised cotton fruit to boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feeding, oviposition, and development. Journal of Economic Entomology 2008: 101: 68-73.
80. Wu G, Chen FJ, Sun YC and Ge F. Response of cotton to early-season square abscission under elevated CO2. Agronomy Journal 2007: 99: 791-796.
81. Wu G, Chen FJ and Ge F. Impacts of early-season square abscission on the growth and yield of transgenic Bt cotton under elevated CO2. Field Crops Research 2007: 102: 239-243.
82. Showler A, Funk P and Armijo C. Effect of thermal defoliation on cotton leaf desiccation, senescence, postharvest regrowth, and lint quality. Journal of Cotton Science 2006: 10: 39-45.
83. Fiebig AE, Proctor JTA, Murr DP and Reeleder RD. Flower abscission and induction in North American ginseng with ethephon. HortScience 2005: 40: 138-141.
84. Brown GK. New mechanical harvesters for the Florida citrus juice industry. HortTechnology 2005: 15: 69-72.
85. Agusti M, Juan M, Martinez-Fuentes A, Mesejo C, Reig C and Almela V. Application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester reduces mature fruit abscission in Citrus navel cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2006: 81: 532-536.
86. dal Cin V, Boschetti A, Dorigoni A and Ramina A. Benzylaminopurine application on two different apple cultivars (Malus domestica) displays new and unexpected fruitlet abscission features. Annals of Botany 2007:99: 1195-1202.
87. Fallahi E, Rom CR and Fallahi B. Effects of hydrogen cyanamide, ammonium thiosulfate, endothalic acid, and sulfcarbamide on blossom thinning, fruit quality, and yield of apples. Journal of the American Po-mological Society 2006: 60: 198-204.
88. Blanusa T, Else MA, Atkinson CJ and Davies WJ. The regulation of sweet cherry fruit abscission by polar auxin transport. Plant Growth Regulation 2005: 45: 189-198.
89. Rahemi M and Ramezanian A. Potential of ethephon, NAA, NAD and urea for thinning pistachio fruitlets. Scientia Horticulturae 2007: 111:160-163.
90. Lovatt CJ, Daoudi H and Ferguson L. Efficacy of foliar-applied cyto-kinins and nitrogen to increase floral bud retention and to reduce alternate bearing of pistachio. ACTA Horticulturae 2006: 727: 353-364.
91. Gratacos E, Brauchi P and Herrera R. Characterization and management of flowering in walnut (Juglans regia) cv. Serr, for increased productivity in central Chile. ACTA Horticulturae 2006: 705: 515-520.
92. Hassani D, Eskandari S and Jarrahi K. Pistillate flower abscission of walnut genotypes. ACTA Horticulturae 2006: 705: 257-260.
93. Walker ER and Oliver LR. Translocation and absorption of glyphosate in flowering sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). Weed Science 2008: 56: 338-343.
94. Fidelibus MW, Cathline KA and Burns JK. Potential abscission agents for raisin, table, and wine Grapes. HortScience 2007: 42: 1626-1630.
95. Burns JK, Ferguson L, Glozer K, Krueger WH and Rosecrance RC. Screening fruit loosening agents for black ripe processed table olives. HortScience 2008: 43: 1449-1453.
96. Alferez F, Pozo L and Burns JK. Physiological changes associated with senescence and abscission in mature citrus fruit induced by 5-chloro-3-methyl-4- nitro-1H-pyrazole and ethephon application. Physiologia Plan-tarum 2006: 127: 66-73.
97. Alferez F, Singh S, Umbach AL, Hockema B and Burns JK. Citrus abscission and Arabidopsis plant decline in response to 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro- 1H-pyrazole are mediated by lipid signaling. Plant Cell and Environment 2005: 28: 1436-1449.
98. Burns JK, Roka FM, Li KT, Pozo L and Buker RS. Late-season 'Valencia' orange mechanical harvesting with an abscission agent and low-frequency harvesting. HortScience 2006: 41: 660-663.
99. Pozo L, Redondo A, Hartmond U, Kender WJ and Burns JK. Dikegulac promotes abscission in citrus. HortScience 2004: 39: 1655-1658.
100. Yuan R and Burns JK. Temperature factor affecting the abscission response of mature fruit and leaves to CMN-Pyrazole and ethephon in 'Hamlin' oranges. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2007: 129: 287-293.
101. Ferrante A, Hunter DA and Reid MS. Towards a molecular strategy for improving harvesting of olives (Olea europaea L.). Postharvest Biology and Technology 2004: 31: 111-117.
102. Sessiz A and Ozcan MT. Olive removal with pneumatic branch shaker and abscission chemical. Journal of Food Engineering 2006: 76: 148-153.
103. Apelbaum A, Sisler EC, Feng X and Goren R. Assessment of the potency of 1-substituted cyclopropenes to counteract ethylene-induced processes in plants. Plant Growth Regulation 2008: 55: 101-113.
104. Burton AL, Pennisi SV and Van-Iersel MW. Morphology and postharvest performance of Geogenanthus undatus C. Koch & Linden 'Inca' after application of Ancymidol or Flurprimidol. HortScience 2007: 42: 544-549.
105. Abebie B, Lers A, Philosoph-Hadas S, Goren R, Riov J and Meir S. Differential effects of NAA and 2,4-D in reducing floret abscission in Cestrum (Cestrum elegans) cut flowers are associated with their differential activation of Aux/IAA homologous genes. Annals of Botany 2008:101: 249-259.
106. Wilkinson JQ, Lanahan MB, Clark DG, Bleecker AB, Chang C, Mey-erowitz EM and Klee HJ. A dominant mutant receptor from Arabidopsis confers ethylene insensitivity in heterologous plants. Nature Biotechnology 1997: 15: 444-447.
107. Wagstaff C, Chanasut U, Harren FJM, Laarhoven LJ, Thomas B, Rogers HJ and Stead AD. Ethylene and flower longevity in Alstroemeria: relationship between tepal senescence, abscission and ethylene biosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 2005: 56: 1007-1016.
108. Uthaichay N, Ketsa S and van Doorn WG. 1-MCP pretreatment prevents bud and flower abscission in Dendrobium orchids. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2007: 43: 374-380.
109. Kim HJ, Craig R and Brown KM. Genetic variation in ethylene responsiveness of regal pelargonium. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2006: 131: 122-126.
110. Al-Saqri FA, Barrett JE, Bartuska CA, Clark DG and Schoellhorn RK. Shipping and ethylene effects on flower bud abscission in potted Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. ACTA Horticulturae 2003: 628: 303-310.
111. Rapaka VK, Faust JE, Dole, JM and Runkle E.S. Effect of time of harvest on postharvest leaf abscission in Lantana (Lantana camara L. 'Dallas Red') unrooted cuttings. HortScience 2007: 42: 304-308.
112. Valenzuela-Vazquez M, Picchioni GA, Murray LW and Mackay WA. Beneficial role of 1-methylcyclopropene for cut Lupinus havardii racemes exposed to ethephon. HortScience 2007: 42: 113-119.
113. Kim HJ, Craig R and Brown KM. Ethylene resistance of Regal Pelargonium is complemented but not replaced by 1-MCP. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2007: 45: 66-72.
114. Sankhla N, Mackay WA and Davis TD. Reduction of flower abscission and leaf senescence in cut Phlox inflorescences by thidiazuron. ACTA Horticulturae 2003: 628: 837-841.
115. Ascough GD, Mtshali NP, Nogemane N and Van-Staden J. Flower abscission in excised inflorescences of three Plectranthus cultivars. Plant Growth Regulation 2006: 48: 229-235.
116. Moe R, Floistad E and Blystad DR. Impact of light on cyathia abscission and bract discoloration in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). ACTA Horticulturae 2006: 711: 285-290.
117. Mathiesen C, Munster C, Moe R and Hvoslef-Eid T. Abscission in poin-settia. ACTA Horticulturae 2005: 682: 35.
118. Faust JE and Lewis KP. Effect of 1-MCP on the postharvest performance of un-rooted poinsettia cuttings. ACTA Horticulturae 2005: 682: 2238.
119. Rapaka VK, Faust JE, Dole JM and Runkle ES. Diurnal carbohydrate dynamics affect postharvest ethylene responsiveness in portulaca (Portulaca grandiflora 'Yubi Deep Rose') unrooted cuttings. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2007: 44: 293-299.
120. Seaton KA. Comparison of vase-life and ethylene response of Verticordia cut flowers. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2006:81: 721-727.
121. Macnish AJ, Joyce DC, Irving DE and Wearing AH. A simple sustained release device for the ethylene binding inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2004: 32: 321-338.
122. Pirrung MC, Bleecker AB, Inoue Y, Rodriguez FI, Sugawara N, Wada T, Zou Y and Binder BM. Ethylene receptor antagonists: Strained alkenes are necessary but not sufficient. Chemistry and Biology 2008: 15: 313 -321.
123. Grichko V. New volatile and water-soluble ethylene antagonists. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 2006: 53: 523-529.
124. Yuan R and Li J. Effect of sprayable 1-MCP, AVG, and NAA on ethyl-ene biosynthesis, preharvest fruit drop, fruit maturity, and quality of 'Delicious' apples. HortScience 2008: 43: 1454-1460.
125. Byers RE, Carbaugh DH and Combs LD. Ethylene inhibitors delay fruit drop, maturity, and increase fruit size of 'Arlet' apples. Hortscience 2005:40: 2061-2065.
126. Dal-Cin V, Danesin M, Ramina A, Dorigoni A, Boschetti A and Ruperti B. Fruit abscission as related to fruit quality. ACTA Horticulturae 2005:682: 781-787.
127. Greene DW. Time of aminoethoxyvinylglycine application influences preharvest drop and fruit quality of 'McIntosh' apples. HortScience 2005:40: 2056-2060.
128. Watkins CB and Nock JF. Cultivar variation in response to 1-methylcyclopropene application to apple fruit in air and controlled-atmosphere storage. HortScience 2000: 35: 469.
129. Tsantili E, Gapper NE, Arquiza JMRA, Whitaker BD and Watkins CB. Ethylene and α-farnesene metabolism in green and red skin of three apple cultivars in response to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 2007: 55: 5267-5276.
130. Lichter A, Guzev L, Dvir O, Farber I, Danshin A, Pressman E, Ganz S and Beno-Moualem D. Seasonal changes in the abscission site in bunch tomatoes and differential response to 1-methylcyclopropene. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2006: 40: 48-55.
131. Deng Y, Wu Y and Li Y. Effects of high CO2 and low O2 atmospheres on the berry drop of 'Kyoho' grapes. Food Chemistry 2007: 100: 768-773.
132. Deng Y, Wu Y, Li Y, Yang M, Shi C and Zheng C. Studies of posthar-vest berry abscission of 'Kyoho' table grapes during cold storage and high oxygen atmospheres. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2007: 43: 95-101.
133. Zabadal TJ and Bukovac MJ. Effect of CPPU on fruit development of selected seedless and seeded grape cultivars. HortScience 2006: 41: 154-157.
134. Kenigsbuch D, Chalupowicz D, Aharon Z, Maurer D and Aharoni N. The effect of CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on the regulation of postharvest senescence of mint, Mentha longifolia L. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2007: 43: 165-173.
135. Gu M, Robbins JA and Rom CR. The role of ethylene in water-deficit stress responses in Betula papyrifera Marsh. HortScience 2007: 42:1392-1395.
136. Heide OM and Prestrud AK. Low temperature, but not photoperiod, controls growth cessation and dormancy induction and release in apple and pear. Tree Physiology 2005: 25: 109-114.
137. Lazarus BE, Schaberg PG, Hawley GJ and DeHayes DH. Landscape-scale spatial patterns of winter injury to red spruce foliage in a year of heavy region-wide injury. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2006: 36:142-152.
138. Nayyar H, Bains T and Kumar S. Low temperature induced floral abortion in chickpea: relationship to abscisic acid and cryoprotectants in reproductive organs. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2005: 53:39-47.
139. Rainey KM and Griffiths PD. Inheritance of heat tolerance during reproductive development in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2005: 130: 700-706.
140. Repo T, Mononen K, Alvila L, Pakkanen T and Hanninen H. Cold acclimation of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) at its northernmost distribution range. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2008: 63: 59-70.
141. Ruiz D and Egea J. Analysis of the variability and correlations of floral biology factors affecting fruit set in apricot in a Mediterranean climate. Scientia Horticulturae 2008: 115: 154-163.
142. Stover EW and Greene DW. Environmental effects on the performance of foliar applied plant growth regulators: a review focusing on tree fruits. HortTechnology 2005: 15: 214-221.
143. Yuan RC. Effects of temperature on fruit thinning with ethephon in 'Golden Delicious' apples. Scientia Horticulturae 2007: 113: 8-12.
144. Zhou C, Lakso AN, Robinson TL and Gan S. Isolation and characterization of genes associated with shade-induced apple abscission. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 2008: 280: 83-92.
145. Watkins CB and Nock JF. Effects of delays between harvest and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, and temperature of treatment, on ripening of air- and controlled atmospherestored apples. HortScience2005: 40: 2096-2101.
146. Bejaoui Z, Albouchi A, Abassi M and Aouni MHE. Influence of moderate or severe hydromorphy on biomass production and gas exchange of Euroamerican poplar plants. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2006:36: 2654-2665.
147. Goreta S, Leskovar DI and Jifon JL. Gas exchange, water status, and growth of pepper seedlings exposed to transient water deficit stress are differentially altered by antitranspirants. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2007: 132: 603-610.
148. Muchero W, Ehlers JD and Roberts PA. Seedling stage drought-induced phenotypes and drought-responsive genes in diverse cowpea genotypes. Crop Science 2008: 48: 541-552.
149. Murthy R, Barron-Gafford G, Dougherty PM, Engel VC, Grieve K, L Handley, Klimas C, Potosnak MJ, Zarnoch SJ and Zhang JS. Increased leaf area dominates carbon flux response to elevated CO in stands of Populus deltoides (Bartr.) Global Change Biology 2005: 11: 716-731.
150. Stokes KE. Exotic invasive black willow (Salix nigra) in Australia: influence of hydrological regimes on population dynamics. Plant Ecology 2008: 197: 91-105.
151. Pcbrez-Pcbrez JG, Romero P, Navarro JM and Botca P. Response of sweet orange cv 'Lane late' to deficit-irrigation strategy in two rootstocks. II: Flowering, fruit growth, yield and fruit quality. Irrigation Science 2008: 26: 519-529.
152. Riikonen J, Lindsberg MM, Holopainen T, Oksanen E, Lappi J, Peltonen P and Vapaavuori E. Silver birch and climate change: variable growth and carbon allocation responses to elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone. Tree Physiology 2004: 24: 1227-1237.
153. Uddling J, Karlsson PE, Glorvigen A and Sellden G. Ozone impairs autumnal resorption of nitrogen from birch (Betula pendula) leaves, causing an increase in whole-tree nitrogen loss through litter fall. Tree Physiology 2006: 26: 113-120.
154. Arbona V, Lopez-Climent MF, Mahouachi J, Perez-Clemente RM, Abrams SR and Gomez-Cadenas A. Use of persistent analogs of abscisic acid as palliatives against salt-stress induced damage in citrus plants Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2006: 25: 1-9.