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Volumn 130, Issue 52, 2008, Pages 18008-18017

Autocatalysis in lithium diisopropylamide-mediated ortholithiations

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRITICAL RATES; LITHIUM DIISOPROPYLAMIDE; MECHANISTIC MODELS; METALATION; NUMERIC INTEGRATION; ORTHO-LITHIATION; RATE BEHAVIOR; RATE LIMITING; TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES;

EID: 58849153700     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja807331k     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (87)
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    • 19F NMR resonances are singlet.
    • 19F NMR resonances are singlet.
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    • 19F NMR spectroscopy proved particularly useful in following the 1,2-additions to fluorinated quinazolinones: (a) Briggs, T. F.; Winemiller, M. D.; Collum, D. B.; Parsons, R. L., Jr.; Davulcu, A. K.; Harris, G. D.; Fortunak, J. D.; Confalone, P. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5427.
    • 19F NMR spectroscopy proved particularly useful in following the 1,2-additions to fluorinated quinazolinones: (a) Briggs, T. F.; Winemiller, M. D.; Collum, D. B.; Parsons, R. L., Jr.; Davulcu, A. K.; Harris, G. D.; Fortunak, J. D.; Confalone, P. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5427.
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    • 19F NMR spectroscopy, see: (b) Gakh, Y. G.; Gakh, A. A.; Gronenborn, A. M. Magn. Reso. Chem. 2000, 38, 551.
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    • The concentration of LDA, although expressed in units of molarity, refers to the concentration of the monomer unit normality
    • The concentration of LDA, although expressed in units of molarity, refers to the concentration of the monomer unit (normality).
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    • Carbamate 1 and structurally related diisopropylamine-derived carbamates and carboxamides18 display distinct conformational properties that are not observed in less sterically congested analogues. Carbamate 1 affords normal NMR spectra at ambient temperature. On cooling the NMR probe below-70 °C, the single 19F resonance, 113.1 ppm) appears as a pair of resonances, 113.2 and-113.0 ppm in equal proportions. Similarly in the 13C NMR spectrum, two methyne resonances of the diisopropyl moiety are observed at ambient temperatures, whereas four are observed at ≤-90 °C. One can explain these results by assuming a slow conformer exchange illustrated below and discussed previously.18 A crystal structure of 1 affords the following structure displaying a highly typical orientation of the diisopropyl moiety
    • 18 A crystal structure of 1 affords the following structure displaying a highly typical orientation of the diisopropyl moiety.
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    • For leading references to conformational studies of acylated diiso-propylamido fragments, see: a
    • For leading references to conformational studies of acylated diiso-propylamido fragments, see: (a) Stewart, W. E.; Siddall, T. H., III. Chem. Rev. 1970, 70, 517.
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    • 6Li resonances (1:1) at - 130 °C, consistent with the presence of the chelate.
    • 6Li resonances (1:1) at - 130 °C, consistent with the presence of the chelate.
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    • Open dimers were first proposed for the isomerization of oxiranes to allylic alcohols by mixed metal bases: Mordini, A, Rayana, E. B, Margot, C, Schlosser, M. Tetrahedron 1990, 46, 2401. For a bibliography of lithium amide open dimers, see ref 5b
    • Open dimers were first proposed for the isomerization of oxiranes to allylic alcohols by mixed metal bases: Mordini, A.; Rayana, E. B.; Margot, C.; Schlosser, M. Tetrahedron 1990, 46, 2401. For a bibliography of lithium amide open dimers, see ref 5b.
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    • We have also detected an analogous open dimer-based transition structure bearing a chelated meta substituent for the Snieckus-Fries rearrangement of mixed dimer 9
    • We have also detected an analogous open dimer-based transition structure bearing a chelated meta substituent for the Snieckus-Fries rearrangement of mixed dimer 9.
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    • For examples of reactions that are fast relative to the rates of aggregate-aggregate exchanges, see: (a) McGarrity, J. F.; Ogle, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1810.
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    • For other examples of odd linearities that may or may not have origins similar to those described herein, see: (a) Blackmond, D. G, Ropic, M, Stefinovic, M. Org. Process. Res. Dev. 2006, 10, 457
    • For other examples of odd linearities that may or may not have origins similar to those described herein, see: (a) Blackmond, D. G.; Ropic, M.; Stefinovic, M. Org. Process. Res. Dev. 2006, 10, 457.
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    • 2NH to the metalation has no measurable effect on the rates or curvatures.
    • 2NH to the metalation has no measurable effect on the rates or curvatures.
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    • Sigmoidal curvature for the loss of aryl carbamate is also observed using tetrahydropyran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
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    • D = 3-4.
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    • We define the idealized rate law as that obtained by rounding the observed reaction orders to the nearest rational order.
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    • The rate law provides the stoichiometry of the transition structure relative to that of the reactants: Edwards, J. O.; Greene, E. F.; Ross, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 381.
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    • A discussion and attribution of this famous aphorism is found in ref 36. Physicists, apparently with considerable free time, are reputed to have successfully drawn elephants using complex mathematics and numerous adjustable parameters.
    • A discussion and attribution of this famous aphorism is found in ref 36. Physicists, apparently with considerable free time, are reputed to have successfully drawn elephants using complex mathematics and numerous adjustable parameters.
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    • Xie and Saunders also observed oddly variable isotope effects on the enolization. Xie, L.; Saunders, W. H., Jr. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3123.
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    • Collum, D. B.; Singh, K.; Viciu, M.; Ramirez, A.; Yun, M. unpublished.
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    • Hints of linear decays were noted in metalations of imines by LDA/THF at - 78 °C: Liao, S.; Collum, D. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 15114.
    • (b) Hints of linear decays were noted in metalations of imines by LDA/THF at - 78 °C: Liao, S.; Collum, D. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 15114.
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.