메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 364, Issue 1513, 2009, Pages 15-26

Immunity in a variable world

Author keywords

Evolution; Genetic variation; Genotype by environment interactions; Host pathogen interactions; Insect immunity; Natural selection

Indexed keywords

COEVOLUTION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; FITNESS; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOTYPE; HETEROGENEITY; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION; IMMUNE SYSTEM; NATURAL SELECTION; POLYMORPHISM;

EID: 58249087387     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0141     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (295)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 33745282713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergency life-history stage and immunity in the cricket, Gryllus texensis
    • doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006. 01.011
    • Adamo, S. A. & Parsons, N. M. 2006 The emergency life-history stage and immunity in the cricket, Gryllus texensis. Anim. Behav. 72, 235-244. (doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006. 01.011)
    • (2006) Anim. Behav , vol.72 , pp. 235-244
    • Adamo, S.A.1    Parsons, N.M.2
  • 2
    • 0034808074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in lifetime immunocompetence in male and female Gryllus texenis (formerly G. integer): Trade-offs between immunity and reproduction
    • doi:10. 1006/anbe.2001.1786
    • Adamo, S. A., Jensen, M. & Younger, M. 2001 Changes in lifetime immunocompetence in male and female Gryllus texenis (formerly G. integer): trade-offs between immunity and reproduction. Anim. Behav. 62, 417-425. (doi:10. 1006/anbe.2001.1786)
    • (2001) Anim. Behav , vol.62 , pp. 417-425
    • Adamo, S.A.1    Jensen, M.2    Younger, M.3
  • 3
    • 44249114052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genotype specific competitive ability does not correlate with infection in natural Daphnia magna populations
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0001280
    • Altermatt, F. & Ebert, D. 2007 The genotype specific competitive ability does not correlate with infection in natural Daphnia magna populations. PLoS ONE 2, el280. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0001280)
    • (2007) PLoS ONE , vol.2
    • Altermatt, F.1    Ebert, D.2
  • 4
    • 0020335555 scopus 로고
    • Coevolution of hosts and parasites
    • Anderson, R. M. & May, R. M. 1982 Coevolution of hosts and parasites. Parasitology 85, 411-426.
    • (1982) Parasitology , vol.85 , pp. 411-426
    • Anderson, R.M.1    May, R.M.2
  • 5
    • 0035819263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect fitness consequences of mate choice in sticklebacks: Offspring of brighter males grow slowly but resist parasite infections
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1331
    • Barber, I., Arnott, S. A., Braithwaite, V., Andrew, J. & Huntingford, F. A. 2001 Indirect fitness consequences of mate choice in sticklebacks: offspring of brighter males grow slowly but resist parasite infections. Proc. R. Soc. B 268, 71-76. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1331)
    • (2001) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.268 , pp. 71-76
    • Barber, I.1    Arnott, S.A.2    Braithwaite, V.3    Andrew, J.4    Huntingford, F.A.5
  • 6
    • 37549030093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation from standing genetic variation
    • doi: 10. 1016/j.tree.2007.09.008
    • Barrett, R. D. & Schlüter, D. 2008 Adaptation from standing genetic variation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 23, 38-44. (doi: 10. 1016/j.tree.2007.09.008)
    • (2008) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.23 , pp. 38-44
    • Barrett, R.D.1    Schlüter, D.2
  • 7
    • 1842503724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence reaction norms across a food gradient
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2657
    • Bedhomme, S., Agnew, P., Sidobre, C. & Michalakis, Y. 2004 Virulence reaction norms across a food gradient. Proc. R. Soc. B 271, 739-744. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2657)
    • (2004) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.271 , pp. 739-744
    • Bedhomme, S.1    Agnew, P.2    Sidobre, C.3    Michalakis, Y.4
  • 8
    • 0030613368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution in Chlamydonionas. 2. Genetic variation in strongly contrasted environments
    • doi: 10. 1038/hdy.1997.78
    • Bell, G. & Reboud, X. 1997 Experimental evolution in Chlamydonionas. 2. Genetic variation in strongly contrasted environments. Heredity 78, 498-506. (doi: 10. 1038/hdy.1997.78)
    • (1997) Heredity , vol.78 , pp. 498-506
    • Bell, G.1    Reboud, X.2
  • 9
    • 39149118887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative test of the relationship between parasite dose and infection probability across different host-parasite combinations
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2007. 1544
    • Ben-Ami, F., Regoes, R. R. & Ebert, D. 2008 A quantitative test of the relationship between parasite dose and infection probability across different host-parasite combinations. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 853-859. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007. 1544)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 853-859
    • Ben-Ami, F.1    Regoes, R.R.2    Ebert, D.3
  • 10
    • 0027331822 scopus 로고
    • Trade-offs with resistance to a graulosis-virus in the Indian meal moth, examined by a laboratory evolution experiment
    • doi: 10.2307/2390128
    • Boots, M. & Begon, M. 1993 Trade-offs with resistance to a graulosis-virus in the Indian meal moth, examined by a laboratory evolution experiment. Funct. Ecol. 7, 528-534. (doi: 10.2307/2390128)
    • (1993) Funct. Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 528-534
    • Boots, M.1    Begon, M.2
  • 11
    • 0022426744 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of sexuality
    • doi:10.1007/BF0 1952067
    • Bremermann, H. J. 1985 The adaptive significance of sexuality. Experientia 41, 1245-1255. (doi:10.1007/BF0 1952067)
    • (1985) Experientia , vol.41 , pp. 1245-1255
    • Bremermann, H.J.1
  • 12
    • 0020535921 scopus 로고
    • A game-theoretical model of parasite virulence
    • doi:10.1016/0022-5193(83)90438-1
    • Bremermann, H. J. & Pickering, J. 1983 A game-theoretical model of parasite virulence. J. Theor. Biol. 100, 411-426. (doi:10.1016/0022-5193(83)90438-1)
    • (1983) J. Theor. Biol , vol.100 , pp. 411-426
    • Bremermann, H.J.1    Pickering, J.2
  • 13
    • 0033596110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocompetence of nestling great tits in relation to rearing environment and parentage
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.1999. 0925
    • Brinkhof, M. W. G., Heeb, P., Kolliker, M. & Richner, H. 1999 Immunocompetence of nestling great tits in relation to rearing environment and parentage. Proc. R. Soc. B 266, 2315-2322. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1999. 0925)
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.266 , pp. 2315-2322
    • Brinkhof, M.W.G.1    Heeb, P.2    Kolliker, M.3    Richner, H.4
  • 14
    • 20044393471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longer lifespan, altered metabolism, and stress resistance in Drosophila from ablation of cells making insulin-like ligands
    • doi:10.1073/pnas. 0405775102
    • Broughton, S. J. et al. 2005 Longer lifespan, altered metabolism, and stress resistance in Drosophila from ablation of cells making insulin-like ligands. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 3105-3110. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 0405775102)
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 3105-3110
    • Broughton, S.J.1
  • 15
    • 2942622323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sick and tired: Does sleep have a vital role in the immune system?
    • doi:10.1038/nril369
    • Bryant, P. A., Trinder, J. & Curtis, N. 2004 Sick and tired: does sleep have a vital role in the immune system? Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 457-467. (doi:10.1038/nril369)
    • (2004) Nat. Rev. Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 457-467
    • Bryant, P.A.1    Trinder, J.2    Curtis, N.3
  • 16
    • 0028255709 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and origin of genes for race-specific resistance to Melamspora lini in Linum marginale
    • doi:10.2307/2410248
    • Burdon, J. J. 1994 The distribution and origin of genes for race-specific resistance to Melamspora lini in Linum marginale. Evolution 48, 1564-1575. (doi:10.2307/2410248)
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 1564-1575
    • Burdon, J.J.1
  • 17
    • 0025956978 scopus 로고
    • Host-pathogen interactions in natural populations of Linum marginale and Melampsora Uni. I. Patterns of resistance and racial variation in a large host population
    • doi: 10.2307/2409494
    • Burdon, J. J. & Jarosz, A. M. 1991 Host-pathogen interactions in natural populations of Linum marginale and Melampsora Uni. I. Patterns of resistance and racial variation in a large host population. Evolution 45, 205-217. (doi: 10.2307/2409494)
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 205-217
    • Burdon, J.J.1    Jarosz, A.M.2
  • 18
    • 0032969912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns in coevolving plant and pathogen associations
    • doi: 10.1086/303209
    • Burdon, J. J. & Thrall, P. H. 1999 Spatial and temporal patterns in coevolving plant and pathogen associations. Am. Nat. 153(Suppl.), sl5-s33. (doi: 10.1086/303209)
    • (1999) Am. Nat , vol.153 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Burdon, J.J.1    Thrall, P.H.2
  • 19
    • 16344392725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution in heterogeneous environments and the potential of maintenance of genetic variation in traits of adaptive significance
    • doi:10.1007/sl0709-003-2721- 5
    • Byers, D. L. 2005 Evolution in heterogeneous environments and the potential of maintenance of genetic variation in traits of adaptive significance. Genetica 123, 107-124. (doi:10.1007/sl0709-003-2721- 5)
    • (2005) Genetica , vol.123 , pp. 107-124
    • Byers, D.L.1
  • 20
    • 0034925522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in a host-parasite association: Potential for coevolution and frequency-dependant selection
    • doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001) 055[1136: G VIAHP]2.0.CO;2
    • Carius, H. J., Little, T. J. & Ebert, D. 2001 Genetic variation in a host-parasite association: potential for coevolution and frequency-dependant selection. Evolution 55, 1136-1145. (doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001) 055[1136: G VIAHP]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 1136-1145
    • Carius, H.J.1    Little, T.J.2    Ebert, D.3
  • 21
    • 0036232764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can glutamine modify the apparent immunodepression observed after prolonged, exhaustive exercise?
    • doi:10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00754-2
    • Castell, L. M. 2002 Can glutamine modify the apparent immunodepression observed after prolonged, exhaustive exercise? Nutrition 18, 371-375. (doi:10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00754-2)
    • (2002) Nutrition , vol.18 , pp. 371-375
    • Castell, L.M.1
  • 22
    • 1642463826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prophenoloxidase- activating system in invertebrates
    • doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00116.x
    • Cerenius, L. & Söderhäll, K. 2004 The prophenoloxidase- activating system in invertebrates. Immunol. Rev. 198, 116-126. (doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00116.x)
    • (2004) Immunol. Rev , vol.198 , pp. 116-126
    • Cerenius, L.1    Söderhäll, K.2
  • 23
    • 0035815414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein
    • doi: 10.1126/science.1057991
    • Clancy, D. J., Gems, D., Harshman, L. G., Oldham, S., Stocker, H., Hafen, E., Leevers, S. J. & Partridge, L. 2001 Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein. Science 292, 104-106. (doi: 10.1126/science.1057991)
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 104-106
    • Clancy, D.J.1    Gems, D.2    Harshman, L.G.3    Oldham, S.4    Stocker, H.5    Hafen, E.6    Leevers, S.J.7    Partridge, L.8
  • 25
    • 0035543311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size in a free-living ungulate population
    • doi:10. 1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2116: PGCBPR]2.0.CO;2
    • Coltman, D. W., Pilkington, J., Kruuk, L. E., Wilson, K. & Pemberton, J. M. 2001 Positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size in a free-living ungulate population. Evolution 55, 2116-2125. (doi:10. 1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2116: PGCBPR]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 2116-2125
    • Coltman, D.W.1    Pilkington, J.2    Kruuk, L.E.3    Wilson, K.4    Pemberton, J.M.5
  • 26
    • 1542288879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of resistance: Genetic correlations and potential trade-offs in an insect immune system
    • doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00655.x
    • Cotter, S. C., Kruuk, L. E. & Wilson, K. 2004 Costs of resistance: genetic correlations and potential trade-offs in an insect immune system. J. Evol. Biol. 17, 421-429. (doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00655.x)
    • (2004) J. Evol. Biol , vol.17 , pp. 421-429
    • Cotter, S.C.1    Kruuk, L.E.2    Wilson, K.3
  • 27
    • 0038613091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for strong host-clone-parasite species interactions in the Daphnia microparasite system
    • doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003) 057[0784: EFSHCS]2.0.CO;2
    • Decaestecker, E., Vergote, A., Ebert, D. & De Meester, L. 2003 Evidence for strong host-clone-parasite species interactions in the Daphnia microparasite system. Evolution 57, 784-792. (doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003) 057[0784: EFSHCS]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 784-792
    • Decaestecker, E.1    Vergote, A.2    Ebert, D.3    De Meester, L.4
  • 29
    • 0035940514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays
    • doi:10.1073/pnas. 221458698
    • De Gregorio, E., Spellman, P. T., Rubin, G. M. & Lemaitre, B. 2001 Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 12 590-12 595. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 221458698)
    • (2001) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98
    • De Gregorio, E.1    Spellman, P.T.2    Rubin, G.M.3    Lemaitre, B.4
  • 30
    • 84993869074 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics of reaction norms
    • doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1990. 3050447.x
    • de Jong, G. 1990 Quantitative genetics of reaction norms. J. Evol. Biol. 3, 447-468. (doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1990. 3050447.x)
    • (1990) J. Evol. Biol , vol.3 , pp. 447-468
    • de Jong, G.1
  • 31
    • 33750023633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt and FOXO dysregulation contribute to infection-induced wasting in Drosophila
    • doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08. 052
    • Dionne, M. S., Pham, L. N., Shirasu-Hiza, M. & Schneider, D. S. 2006 Akt and FOXO dysregulation contribute to infection-induced wasting in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 16, 1977-1985. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08. 052)
    • (2006) Curr. Biol , vol.16 , pp. 1977-1985
    • Dionne, M.S.1    Pham, L.N.2    Shirasu-Hiza, M.3    Schneider, D.S.4
  • 32
    • 0032168032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic reserves and evolved stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Djawdan, M., Chippindale, A. K., Rose, M. R. & Bradley, T. J. 1998 Metabolic reserves and evolved stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol. Zool. 71, 584-594.
    • (1998) Physiol. Zool , vol.71 , pp. 584-594
    • Djawdan, M.1    Chippindale, A.K.2    Rose, M.R.3    Bradley, T.J.4
  • 33
    • 35448953619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domanitskaya, E. V., Liu, H., Chen, S. & Kubli, E. 2007 The hydroxyproline motif of male sex peptide elicits the innate immune response in Drosophila females. FEBS J. 274, 5659-5668. (doi:10.1111/j. 1742-4658. 2007.06088.x)
    • Domanitskaya, E. V., Liu, H., Chen, S. & Kubli, E. 2007 The hydroxyproline motif of male sex peptide elicits the innate immune response in Drosophila females. FEBS J. 274, 5659-5668. (doi:10.1111/j. 1742-4658. 2007.06088.x)
  • 34
    • 0033849517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocompetence in workers of a social insect, Bombus terrestris L., in relation to foraging activity and parasitic infection
    • doi:10.1139/cjz-78-6-1060
    • Doums, C. & Schmid-Hempel, P. 2000 Immunocompetence in workers of a social insect, Bombus terrestris L., in relation to foraging activity and parasitic infection. Can. J. Zool. 78, 1060-1066. (doi:10.1139/cjz-78-6-1060)
    • (2000) Can. J. Zool , vol.78 , pp. 1060-1066
    • Doums, C.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 35
    • 33845785906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic interactions between the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi and its Drosophila hosts
    • doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800893
    • Dubuffet, A., Dupas, S., Frey, F., Drezen, J.-M., Poirié, M. & Carton, Y. 2007 Genetic interactions between the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi and its Drosophila hosts. Heredity 98, 21-27. (doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800893)
    • (2007) Heredity , vol.98 , pp. 21-27
    • Dubuffet, A.1    Dupas, S.2    Frey, F.3    Drezen, J.-M.4    Poirié, M.5    Carton, Y.6
  • 36
    • 0028792995 scopus 로고
    • Host-parasite interactions: Infection of common clones in natural populations of a freshwater snail (Potamopyrgus antipo-darum)
    • doi:10.1098/rspb. 1995.0065
    • Dybdahl, M. F & Lively, C. M. 1995 Host-parasite interactions: infection of common clones in natural populations of a freshwater snail (Potamopyrgus antipo-darum). Proc. R. Soc. B 260, 99-103. (doi:10.1098/rspb. 1995.0065)
    • (1995) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.260 , pp. 99-103
    • Dybdahl, M.F.1    Lively, C.M.2
  • 37
    • 0031688223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-parasite coevolution: Evidence for rare advantage and time-lagged selection in a natural population
    • doi:10.2307/2411236
    • Dybdahl, M. F. & Lively, C. M. 1998 Host-parasite coevolution: evidence for rare advantage and time-lagged selection in a natural population. Evolution 52, 1057-1066. (doi:10.2307/2411236)
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 1057-1066
    • Dybdahl, M.F.1    Lively, C.M.2
  • 38
    • 0042285576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fever and phenotype: Transgenerational effect of disease on desert locust phase state
    • doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003. 00487.x
    • Elliot, S. L., Blanford, S., Horton, C. M. & Thomas, M. B. 2003 Fever and phenotype: transgenerational effect of disease on desert locust phase state. Ecol. Lett. 6, 830-836. (doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003. 00487.x)
    • (2003) Ecol. Lett , vol.6 , pp. 830-836
    • Elliot, S.L.1    Blanford, S.2    Horton, C.M.3    Thomas, M.B.4
  • 39
    • 34447314158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-mating disparity between potential and realized immune response in Drosophila melanogaster
    • doi:10. 1098/rspb.2006.0394
    • Fedorka, K. M., Linder, J. E., Winterhalter, W & Promislow, D. 2007 Post-mating disparity between potential and realized immune response in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. R. Soc. B 274, 1211-1217. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2006.0394)
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 1211-1217
    • Fedorka, K.M.1    Linder, J.E.2    Winterhalter, W.3    Promislow, D.4
  • 40
    • 33744523657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature-dependent transmission and latency of Holospora undulata, a micronucleus-specific parasite of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum
    • doi:10.1098/rspb. 2005.3404
    • Fels, D. & Kaltz, O. 2006 Temperature-dependent transmission and latency of Holospora undulata, a micronucleus-specific parasite of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum. Proc. R. Soc. B 273, 1031-1038. (doi:10.1098/rspb. 2005.3404)
    • (2006) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.273 , pp. 1031-1038
    • Fels, D.1    Kaltz, O.2
  • 41
    • 46249122835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimality analysis of Thl/Th2 immune responses during micro-parasite-macroparasite co-infection, with epidemiological feedbacks
    • doi:10.1017/S0031182008000310
    • Fenton, A., Lamb, T. & Graham, A. L. 2008 Optimality analysis of Thl/Th2 immune responses during micro-parasite-macroparasite co-infection, with epidemiological feedbacks. Parasitology 135, 841-853. (doi:10.1017/S0031182008000310)
    • (2008) Parasitology , vol.135 , pp. 841-853
    • Fenton, A.1    Lamb, T.2    Graham, A.L.3
  • 42
    • 0037157455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental determinants of malaria parasite virulence in mosquitoes
    • doi:10. 1098/rspb.2002.2023
    • Ferguson, H. M. & Read, A. F. 2002 Genetic and environmental determinants of malaria parasite virulence in mosquitoes. Proc. R. Soc. B 269, 1217-1224. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2002.2023)
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.269 , pp. 1217-1224
    • Ferguson, H.M.1    Read, A.F.2
  • 43
    • 27744521533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal pleiotropy and the juvenile hormone regulation of Drosophila development and life history
    • doi:10.1002/bies.20290
    • Flatt, T., Tu, M. P. & Tatar, M. 2005 Hormonal pleiotropy and the juvenile hormone regulation of Drosophila development and life history. Bioessays 27, 999-1010. (doi:10.1002/bies.20290)
    • (2005) Bioessays , vol.27 , pp. 999-1010
    • Flatt, T.1    Tu, M.P.2    Tatar, M.3
  • 44
    • 52649174973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal regulation of the humoral innate immune response in Drosophila melanogaster
    • doi:10.1242/jeb.014878
    • Flatt, T. et al. 2008 Hormonal regulation of the humoral innate immune response in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Exp. Biol 211, 2712-2724. (doi:10.1242/jeb.014878)
    • (2008) J. Exp. Biol , vol.211 , pp. 2712-2724
    • Flatt, T.1
  • 45
    • 0028578582 scopus 로고
    • Recognition polymorphism in host-parasite genetics
    • doi:10.1098/rstb.1994.0145
    • Frank, S. A. 1994 Recognition polymorphism in host-parasite genetics. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 346, 283-293. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1994.0145)
    • (1994) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.346 , pp. 283-293
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 46
    • 0030093154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of parasite virulence
    • doi: 10.1086/419267
    • Frank, S. A. 1996 Models of parasite virulence. Quart. Rev. Biol. 71, 37-78. (doi: 10.1086/419267)
    • (1996) Quart. Rev. Biol , vol.71 , pp. 37-78
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 47
    • 39049143349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune system responses and fitness costs associated with consumption of bacteria in larvae of Trichoplusia ni
    • doi:10.1186/1741- 7007-5-56
    • Freitak, D., Wheat, C. W., Heckel, D. G. & Vogel, H. 2007 Immune system responses and fitness costs associated with consumption of bacteria in larvae of Trichoplusia ni. BMC Biol. 5, 56. (doi:10.1186/1741- 7007-5-56)
    • (2007) BMC Biol , vol.5 , pp. 56
    • Freitak, D.1    Wheat, C.W.2    Heckel, D.G.3    Vogel, H.4
  • 49
    • 34247140294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of insulin-like signalling in Drosophila lifespan
    • doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.02.007
    • Giannakou, M. E. & Partridge, L. 2007 Role of insulin-like signalling in Drosophila lifespan. Trends Biochem. Sci. 32, 180-188. (doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.02.007)
    • (2007) Trends Biochem. Sci , vol.32 , pp. 180-188
    • Giannakou, M.E.1    Partridge, L.2
  • 50
    • 0024495795 scopus 로고
    • Genotype-environment interactions and the maintenance of polygenic variation
    • Gillespie, J. H. & Turelli, M. 1989 Genotype-environment interactions and the maintenance of polygenic variation. Genetics 121, 129-138.
    • (1989) Genetics , vol.121 , pp. 129-138
    • Gillespie, J.H.1    Turelli, M.2
  • 51
    • 0026565814 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms
    • doi: 10.2307/2409860
    • Gomulkiewicz, R. & Kirkpatrick, M. 1992 Quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms. Evolution 46, 390-411. (doi: 10.2307/2409860)
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 390-411
    • Gomulkiewicz, R.1    Kirkpatrick, M.2
  • 52
    • 0034977943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an optimality model to solve the immunological puzzle of concomitant infection
    • doi:10.1017/S0031182000017650
    • Graham, A. L. 2001 Use of an optimality model to solve the immunological puzzle of concomitant infection. Parasitology 122, S61-S64. (doi:10.1017/S0031182000017650)
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.122
    • Graham, A.L.1
  • 53
    • 30344434647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary causes and consequences of immunopathology
    • doi:10.1146/annurev. ecolsys.36.102003.152622
    • Graham, A. L., Allen, J. E. & Read, A. F. 2005 Evolutionary causes and consequences of immunopathology. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 36, 373-397. (doi:10.1146/annurev. ecolsys.36.102003.152622)
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst , vol.36 , pp. 373-397
    • Graham, A.L.1    Allen, J.E.2    Read, A.F.3
  • 54
    • 33747323341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-parasite interactions for virulence and resistance in a malaria model system
    • doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01116.x
    • Grech, K., Watt, K. & Read, A. F. 2006 Host-parasite interactions for virulence and resistance in a malaria model system. J. Evol. Biol. 19, 1620-1630. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01116.x)
    • (2006) J. Evol. Biol , vol.19 , pp. 1620-1630
    • Grech, K.1    Watt, K.2    Read, A.F.3
  • 55
    • 0027458040 scopus 로고
    • Haploid dynamic polymorphism in a host with matching parasites: Effects of mutations/subdivision, linkage, and patterns of selection
    • Hamilton, W. D. 1993 Haploid dynamic polymorphism in a host with matching parasites: effects of mutations/subdivision, linkage, and patterns of selection. J. Hered. 84, 328-338.
    • (1993) J. Hered , vol.84 , pp. 328-338
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 56
    • 0035674476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune response to parasitism reduces resistance of Drosophila melanogaster to desiccation and starvation
    • doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2353: IRTPRR]2.0.CO;2
    • Hoang, A. 2001 Immune response to parasitism reduces resistance of Drosophila melanogaster to desiccation and starvation. Evolution 55, 2353-2358. (doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2353: IRTPRR]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 2353-2358
    • Hoang, A.1
  • 58
    • 0033565762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do essential genes evolve slowly?
    • doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80334-0
    • Hurst, L. D. & Smith, N. G. 1999 Do essential genes evolve slowly? Curr. Biol. 9, 747-750. (doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80334-0)
    • (1999) Curr. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 747-750
    • Hurst, L.D.1    Smith, N.G.2
  • 59
    • 21344463378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila: Structures, activities and gene regulation
    • doi:10.1159/000086648
    • Imler, J. L. & Bulet, P. 2005 Antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila: structures, activities and gene regulation. Chem. Immunol. Allergy 86, 1-21. (doi:10.1159/000086648)
    • (2005) Chem. Immunol. Allergy , vol.86 , pp. 1-21
    • Imler, J.L.1    Bulet, P.2
  • 60
    • 0025526144 scopus 로고
    • Host specialization in phytophagous insects
    • doi:10.1146/annurev. es.21.110190.001331
    • Jaenike, J. 1990 Host specialization in phytophagous insects. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21, 243-273. (doi:10.1146/annurev. es.21.110190.001331)
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , vol.21 , pp. 243-273
    • Jaenike, J.1
  • 61
    • 30344452331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joerink, M., Savelkoul, H. F. J. & Wiegertjes, G. F. 2006 Evolutionary conservation of alternative activation of macrophages: structural and functional characterization of arginase 1 and 2 in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Mol. Immunol. 43, 116-1128. (doi:10.1016/j.molimm. 2005.07. 022)
    • Joerink, M., Savelkoul, H. F. J. & Wiegertjes, G. F. 2006 Evolutionary conservation of alternative activation of macrophages: structural and functional characterization of arginase 1 and 2 in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Mol. Immunol. 43, 116-1128. (doi:10.1016/j.molimm. 2005.07. 022)
  • 62
    • 0004146059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animals and temperature. Phenotypic and evolutionary adaptation
    • Johnston, I. A. & Bennett, A. F, eds, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Johnston, I. A. & Bennett, A. F. (eds) 1996 Animals and temperature. Phenotypic and evolutionary adaptation Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1996) Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series
  • 63
    • 0031742438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local adaptation in host-parasite systems
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998. 00435.x
    • Kaltz, O. & Shykoff, J. A. 1998 Local adaptation in host-parasite systems. Heredity 81, 361-370. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998. 00435.x)
    • (1998) Heredity , vol.81 , pp. 361-370
    • Kaltz, O.1    Shykoff, J.A.2
  • 64
    • 0032135190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional modulation of resistance to infectious diseases
    • Klasing, K. C. 1998 Nutritional modulation of resistance to infectious diseases. Poultry Sci. 77, 1119-1125.
    • (1998) Poultry Sci , vol.77 , pp. 1119-1125
    • Klasing, K.C.1
  • 65
    • 0028830571 scopus 로고
    • Foraging activity and immunocompetence in workers of the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.1995.0084
    • König, C. & Schmid-Hempel, P. 1995 Foraging activity and immunocompetence in workers of the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L. Proc. R. Soc. B 260, 225-227. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1995.0084)
    • (1995) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.260 , pp. 225-227
    • König, C.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 66
    • 0030955296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade-off between parasitoid resistance and larval competitive ability in Drosophila melanogaster
    • doi:10. 1038/38483
    • Kraaijeveld, A. R. & Godfray, H. C. 1997 Trade-off between parasitoid resistance and larval competitive ability in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 389, 278-280. (doi:10. 1038/38483)
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 278-280
    • Kraaijeveld, A.R.1    Godfray, H.C.2
  • 68
    • 35448936927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen fitness components and genotypes differ in their sensitivity to nutrient and temperature variation in a wild plant-pathogen association
    • doi:10.1111/j.1420- 9101.2007.01406.x
    • Laine, A. L. 2007 Pathogen fitness components and genotypes differ in their sensitivity to nutrient and temperature variation in a wild plant-pathogen association. J. Evol. Biol. 20, 2371-2378. (doi:10.1111/j.1420- 9101.2007.01406.x)
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 2371-2378
    • Laine, A.L.1
  • 69
    • 14544292938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host genotype by parasite genotype interactions underlying the resistance of anopheline mosquitoes to Plasmodium falciparum
    • doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-3
    • Lambrechts, L., Halbert, J., Durand, P., Gouagna, L. C. & Koella, J. C. 2005 Host genotype by parasite genotype interactions underlying the resistance of anopheline mosquitoes to Plasmodium falciparum. Malar. J. 4, 3. (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-3)
    • (2005) Malar. J , vol.4 , pp. 3
    • Lambrechts, L.1    Halbert, J.2    Durand, P.3    Gouagna, L.C.4    Koella, J.C.5
  • 70
    • 33746198060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental influence on the genetic basis of mosquito resistance to malaria parasites
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2006. 3483
    • Lambrechts, L., Chavatte, J.-M., Snounou, G. & Koella, J. C. 2006 Environmental influence on the genetic basis of mosquito resistance to malaria parasites. Proc. R. Soc. B 273, 1501-1506. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2006. 3483)
    • (2006) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.273 , pp. 1501-1506
    • Lambrechts, L.1    Chavatte, J.-M.2    Snounou, G.3    Koella, J.C.4
  • 71
    • 0031920105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost of resistance, expressed as a delayed maturity, detected in the host-parasite system Biompha-laria glabrata-Echinostoma caproni
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00291.x
    • Langand, J., Jourdane, J., Coustau, C., Delay, B. & Morand, S. 1998 Cost of resistance, expressed as a delayed maturity, detected in the host-parasite system Biompha-laria glabrata-Echinostoma caproni. Heredity 80, 320-325. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00291.x)
    • (1998) Heredity , vol.80 , pp. 320-325
    • Langand, J.1    Jourdane, J.2    Coustau, C.3    Delay, B.4    Morand, S.5
  • 72
    • 11144298596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide analysis of courting and mating responses in Drosophila melanogaster females
    • doi:10.1139/g04-050
    • Lawniczak, M. K. & Begun, D. J. 2004 A genome-wide analysis of courting and mating responses in Drosophila melanogaster females. Genome 47, 900-910. (doi:10.1139/g04-050)
    • (2004) Genome , vol.47 , pp. 900-910
    • Lawniczak, M.K.1    Begun, D.J.2
  • 73
    • 33751326790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in Drosophila melanogaster resistance to infection: A comparison across bacteria
    • doi: 10.1534/genetics.105. 054593
    • Lazzaro, B. P., Sackton, T. B. & Clark, A. G. 2006 Genetic variation in Drosophila melanogaster resistance to infection: a comparison across bacteria. Genetics 174, 1539-1554. (doi: 10.1534/genetics.105. 054593)
    • (2006) Genetics , vol.174 , pp. 1539-1554
    • Lazzaro, B.P.1    Sackton, T.B.2    Clark, A.G.3
  • 74
    • 42949132241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lazzaro, B. P., Flores, H. A., Lorigan, J. G. & Yourth, C. P. 2008 Genotype by environment interactions and adaptation to local temperature affect immunity and fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Pathog. 4, el 000 025. (doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat. 1000025)
    • Lazzaro, B. P., Flores, H. A., Lorigan, J. G. & Yourth, C. P. 2008 Genotype by environment interactions and adaptation to local temperature affect immunity and fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Pathog. 4, el 000 025. (doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat. 1000025)
  • 75
    • 0001493328 scopus 로고
    • Genetic equilibrium when more than one ecological niche is available
    • doi:10.1086/281792
    • Levene, H. 1953 Genetic equilibrium when more than one ecological niche is available. Am. Nat. 87, 331-333. (doi:10.1086/281792)
    • (1953) Am. Nat , vol.87 , pp. 331-333
    • Levene, H.1
  • 76
    • 34848924279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realized immune response is enhanced in long-lived puc and chico mutants but is unaffected by dietary restriction
    • doi:10.1016/j.molimm. 2007.06.353
    • Libert, S., Chao, Y., Zwiener, J. & Pletcher, S. D. 2008 Realized immune response is enhanced in long-lived puc and chico mutants but is unaffected by dietary restriction. Mol. Immunol. 45, 810-817. (doi:10.1016/j.molimm. 2007.06.353)
    • (2008) Mol. Immunol , vol.45 , pp. 810-817
    • Libert, S.1    Chao, Y.2    Zwiener, J.3    Pletcher, S.D.4
  • 77
    • 38149125457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of temperature on host-pathogen interactions in D. melanogaster: Who benefits?
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.10.001
    • Linder, J. E., Owers, K. A. & Promislow, D. E. 2008 The effects of temperature on host-pathogen interactions in D. melanogaster: who benefits? J. Insect Physiol. 54, 297-308. (doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.10.001)
    • (2008) J. Insect Physiol , vol.54 , pp. 297-308
    • Linder, J.E.1    Owers, K.A.2    Promislow, D.E.3
  • 78
    • 0036714510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitiveness and life-history characteristics of Daph-nia with respect to susceptibility to a parasite
    • doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00436.x
    • Little, T. J., Carius, H.-J., Sakwinska, O. & Ebert, D. 2002 Competitiveness and life-history characteristics of Daph-nia with respect to susceptibility to a parasite. J. Evol. Biol. 15, 796-802. (doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00436.x)
    • (2002) J. Evol. Biol , vol.15 , pp. 796-802
    • Little, T.J.1    Carius, H.-J.2    Sakwinska, O.3    Ebert, D.4
  • 79
    • 22144470851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate immunity and the limits of mechanistic immunology
    • doi:10.1038/nil219
    • Little, T. J., Hultmark, D. & Read, A. F. 2005 Invertebrate immunity and the limits of mechanistic immunology. Nat. Immunol. 6, 651-654. (doi:10.1038/nil219)
    • (2005) Nat. Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 651-654
    • Little, T.J.1    Hultmark, D.2    Read, A.F.3
  • 80
    • 34248145011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasite transgenerational effects on infection
    • Little, T. J., Birch, J., Vale, P. & Tseng, M. 2007 Parasite transgenerational effects on infection. Evol. Ecol. Res. 9, 459-469.
    • (2007) Evol. Ecol. Res , vol.9 , pp. 459-469
    • Little, T.J.1    Birch, J.2    Vale, P.3    Tseng, M.4
  • 81
    • 0032510796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mosquito Anopheles stephensi limits malaria parasite development with inducible synthesis of nitric oxide
    • doi:10.1073/pnas. 95.10.5700
    • Luckhart, S., Vodovotz, Y., Cui, L. & Rosenberg, R. 1998 The mosquito Anopheles stephensi limits malaria parasite development with inducible synthesis of nitric oxide. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 5700-5705. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 95.10.5700)
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 5700-5705
    • Luckhart, S.1    Vodovotz, Y.2    Cui, L.3    Rosenberg, R.4
  • 82
    • 34249813396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of resistance in the Drosophila-Macrocheles system: A negative genetic correlation between ectoparasite resistance and reproduction
    • doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007. 00116.x
    • Luong, L. T. & Polak, M. 2007a Costs of resistance in the Drosophila-Macrocheles system: a negative genetic correlation between ectoparasite resistance and reproduction. Evolution 61, 1391-1402. (doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007. 00116.x)
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 1391-1402
    • Luong, L.T.1    Polak, M.2
  • 83
    • 36349033559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment-dependent trade-offs between ectoparasite resistance and larval competitive ability in the Drosophila-Macrocheles system
    • doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6801040
    • Luong, L. T. & Polak, M. 2007b Environment-dependent trade-offs between ectoparasite resistance and larval competitive ability in the Drosophila-Macrocheles system. Heredity 99, 632-640. (doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6801040)
    • (2007) Heredity , vol.99 , pp. 632-640
    • Luong, L.T.1    Polak, M.2
  • 84
    • 0016220238 scopus 로고
    • The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable gene
    • Maynard Smith, J. & Haigh, J. 1974 The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable gene. Genet. Res. 23, 23-35.
    • (1974) Genet. Res , vol.23 , pp. 23-35
    • Maynard Smith, J.1    Haigh, J.2
  • 85
    • 0018885785 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism in a varied environment: How robust are the models?
    • Maynard Smith, J. & Hoekstra, R. 1980 Polymorphism in a varied environment: how robust are the models? Genet. Res. 35, 45-57.
    • (1980) Genet. Res , vol.35 , pp. 45-57
    • Maynard Smith, J.1    Hoekstra, R.2
  • 86
    • 4344610577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes regulated by mating, sperm, or seminal proteins in mated female Drosophila melanogaster
    • doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.08. 028
    • McGraw, L. A., Gibson, G., Clark, A. G. & Wolfner, M. F. 2004 Genes regulated by mating, sperm, or seminal proteins in mated female Drosophila melanogaster. Curr. Biol. 14, 1509-1514. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.08. 028)
    • (2004) Curr. Biol , vol.14 , pp. 1509-1514
    • McGraw, L.A.1    Gibson, G.2    Clark, A.G.3    Wolfner, M.F.4
  • 87
    • 0034939222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased sexual activity reduces male immune function in Drosophila melanogaster
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.131216398
    • McKean, K. A. & Nunney, L. 2001 Increased sexual activity reduces male immune function in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 7904-7909. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.131216398)
    • (2001) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 7904-7909
    • McKean, K.A.1    Nunney, L.2
  • 88
    • 42049118929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary costs of immunological maintenance and deployment
    • doi: 10. 1186/1471-2148-8-76
    • McKean, K. A., Yourth, C. P., Lazzaro, B. P. & Clark, A. G. 2008 The evolutionary costs of immunological maintenance and deployment. BMC Evol. Biol. 8, 76. (doi: 10. 1186/1471-2148-8-76)
    • (2008) BMC Evol. Biol , vol.8 , pp. 76
    • McKean, K.A.1    Yourth, C.P.2    Lazzaro, B.P.3    Clark, A.G.4
  • 89
    • 29144477163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor maternal environment enhances offspring disease resistance in an invertebrate
    • doi: 10. 1098/rspb.2005.3253
    • Mitchell, S. E. & Read, A. F. 2005 Poor maternal environment enhances offspring disease resistance in an invertebrate. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 2601-2607. (doi: 10. 1098/rspb.2005.3253)
    • (2005) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.272 , pp. 2601-2607
    • Mitchell, S.E.1    Read, A.F.2
  • 90
    • 13244277793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-parasite and genotype-by-environment interactions: Temperature modifies potential for selection by a sterilizing pathogen
    • doi:10.1554/04-526
    • Mitchell, S. E., Rogers, E. S., Little, T. J. & Read, A. F. 2005 Host-parasite and genotype-by-environment interactions: temperature modifies potential for selection by a sterilizing pathogen. Evolution 59, 70-80. (doi:10.1554/04-526)
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 70-80
    • Mitchell, S.E.1    Rogers, E.S.2    Little, T.J.3    Read, A.F.4
  • 91
    • 0038338587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining variable costs of the immune response: Selection for specific versus non-specific immunity and facultative life history change
    • doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12496.x
    • Moret, Y 2003 Explaining variable costs of the immune response: selection for specific versus non-specific immunity and facultative life history change. Oikos 102, 213-216. (doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12496.x)
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.102 , pp. 213-216
    • Moret, Y.1
  • 92
    • 0034634372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival for immunity: The price of immune system activation for bumblebee workers
    • doi:10.1126/science. 290.5494.1166
    • Moret, Y. & Schmid-Hempel, P. 2000 Survival for immunity: the price of immune system activation for bumblebee workers. Science 290, 1166-1168. (doi:10.1126/science. 290.5494.1166)
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 1166-1168
    • Moret, Y.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 93
    • 0035969534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune defence in bumble-bee offspring
    • doi:10.1038/35107138
    • Moret, Y. & Schmid-Hempel, P. 2001 Immune defence in bumble-bee offspring. Nature 414, 506. (doi:10.1038/35107138)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 506
    • Moret, Y.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 94
    • 0029693154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moshitzky, P., Fleischmann, I., Chaimov, N., Saudan, P., Klauser, S., Kubli, E. & Applebaum, S. W. 1996 Sex-peptide activates juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the Drosophila melanogaster corpus allatum. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 32, 363-374. (doi: 10.1002/(SICI)l520- 6327(1996)32:3/4<363::AID-ARCH9>3.0.CO;2-T)
    • Moshitzky, P., Fleischmann, I., Chaimov, N., Saudan, P., Klauser, S., Kubli, E. & Applebaum, S. W. 1996 Sex-peptide activates juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the Drosophila melanogaster corpus allatum. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 32, 363-374. (doi: 10.1002/(SICI)l520- 6327(1996)32:3/4<363::AID-ARCH9>3.0.CO;2-T)
  • 95
    • 0032102990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative metabolic states in murine macrophages reflected by the nitric oxide synthase/arginase balance: Competitive regulation by CD4 + T cells correlates with Thl/Th2 phenotype
    • Münder, M., Eichmann, K. & Modolell, M. 1998 Alternative metabolic states in murine macrophages reflected by the nitric oxide synthase/arginase balance: competitive regulation by CD4 + T cells correlates with Thl/Th2 phenotype. J. Immunol. 160, 5347-5354.
    • (1998) J. Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 5347-5354
    • Münder, M.1    Eichmann, K.2    Modolell, M.3
  • 96
    • 0027514171 scopus 로고
    • Molecular mimicry and the generation of host defense protein diversity
    • doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93) 90571-7
    • Murphy, P. M. 1993 Molecular mimicry and the generation of host defense protein diversity. Cell 72, 823-826. (doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93) 90571-7)
    • (1993) Cell , vol.72 , pp. 823-826
    • Murphy, P.M.1
  • 97
    • 0037020123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic loci affecting resistance to human malaria parasites in a West African mosquito vector population
    • doi:10.1126/science. 1073420
    • Niaré, O. et al. 2002 Genetic loci affecting resistance to human malaria parasites in a West African mosquito vector population. Science 298, 213-216. (doi:10.1126/science. 1073420)
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 213-216
    • Niaré, O.1
  • 98
    • 0031738139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and resistance to infection
    • doi: 10.1139/cjpp-76-5-573
    • Nieman, D. C. 1998 Exercise and resistance to infection. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 76, 573-580. (doi: 10.1139/cjpp-76-5-573)
    • (1998) Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol , vol.76 , pp. 573-580
    • Nieman, D.C.1
  • 99
    • 24144448767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and sleep
    • doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.01.002
    • Opp, M. R. 2005 Cytokines and sleep. Sleep Med. Rev. 9, 355-364. (doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.01.002)
    • (2005) Sleep Med. Rev , vol.9 , pp. 355-364
    • Opp, M.R.1
  • 100
    • 0031418127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of adaptation: The genetic basis of resistance to wasp parasitism in Drosophila melanogaster
    • doi:10.2307/2411009
    • Orr, H. A. & Irving, S. 1997 The genetics of adaptation: the genetic basis of resistance to wasp parasitism in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 51, 1877-1885. (doi:10.2307/2411009)
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1877-1885
    • Orr, H.A.1    Irving, S.2
  • 101
    • 24944516187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila sex-peptide stimulates female innate immune system after mating via the Toll and Imd pathways
    • doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005. 08.048
    • Peng, J., Zipperlen, P. & Kubli, E. 2005 Drosophila sex-peptide stimulates female innate immune system after mating via the Toll and Imd pathways. Curr. Biol. 15, 1690-1694. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005. 08.048)
    • (2005) Curr. Biol , vol.15 , pp. 1690-1694
    • Peng, J.1    Zipperlen, P.2    Kubli, E.3
  • 102
    • 34047219156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to human populations is revealed by within-host polymorphisms in HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus
    • doi:10.1371/journal.ppat. 0030045
    • Poon, A. F. Y., Kosakovsky Pond, S. L., Bennett, P., Richman, D. D., Leigh Brown, A. J. & Frost, S. D. W. 2007 Adaptation to human populations is revealed by within-host polymorphisms in HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus. PLoS Pathog. 3, e45. (doi:10.1371/journal.ppat. 0030045)
    • (2007) PLoS Pathog , vol.3
    • Poon, A.F.Y.1    Kosakovsky Pond, S.L.2    Bennett, P.3    Richman, D.D.4    Leigh Brown, A.J.5    Frost, S.D.W.6
  • 103
    • 0037229080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of infection on protein and energy status
    • Powanda, M. C. & Beisel, W. R. 2003 Metabolic effects of infection on protein and energy status. J. Nutr. 133, 322S-327S.
    • (2003) J. Nutr , vol.133
    • Powanda, M.C.1    Beisel, W.R.2
  • 104
    • 0033802616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big houses, big cars, superfleas and the costs of reproduction
    • doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(00) 01941-8
    • Reznick, D., Nunney, L. & Tessier, A. 2000 Big houses, big cars, superfleas and the costs of reproduction. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15, 421-425. (doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(00) 01941-8)
    • (2000) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.15 , pp. 421-425
    • Reznick, D.1    Nunney, L.2    Tessier, A.3
  • 105
    • 33646250928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural malaria infection in Anopheles gambiae is regulated by a single genomic control region
    • doi:10.1126/science. 1124153
    • Riehle, M. M. et al. 2006 Natural malaria infection in Anopheles gambiae is regulated by a single genomic control region. Science 312, 577-579. (doi:10.1126/science. 1124153)
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 577-579
    • Riehle, M.M.1
  • 106
    • 0037162546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copulation corrupts immunity: A mechanism for a cost of mating in insects
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.152271999
    • Rolff, J. & Siva-Jothy, M. T. 2002 Copulation corrupts immunity: a mechanism for a cost of mating in insects. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 9916-9918. (doi:10.1073/pnas.152271999)
    • (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 9916-9918
    • Rolff, J.1    Siva-Jothy, M.T.2
  • 107
    • 36549088118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic evolution of the innate immune system in Drosophila
    • doi:10.1038/ng.2007.60
    • Sackton, T. B., Lazzaro, B. P., Schlenke, T. A., Evans, J. D., Hultmark, D. & Clark, A. G. 2007 Dynamic evolution of the innate immune system in Drosophila. Nat. Genet. 39, 1461-1468. (doi:10.1038/ng.2007.60)
    • (2007) Nat. Genet , vol.39 , pp. 1461-1468
    • Sackton, T.B.1    Lazzaro, B.P.2    Schlenke, T.A.3    Evans, J.D.4    Hultmark, D.5    Clark, A.G.6
  • 108
    • 33748978015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-harm caused by an insect's innate immunity
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3574
    • Sadd, B. M. & Siva-Jothy, M. T. 2006 Self-harm caused by an insect's innate immunity. Proc. R. Soc. B 273, 2571-2574. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3574)
    • (2006) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.273 , pp. 2571-2574
    • Sadd, B.M.1    Siva-Jothy, M.T.2
  • 109
    • 30344443632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasite-host fitness trade-offs change with parasite identity: Genotype-specific interactions in a plant-pathogen system
    • doi: 10.1554/05-299.1
    • Salvaudon, L., Héraudet, V. & Shykoff, J. A. 2005 Parasite-host fitness trade-offs change with parasite identity: genotype-specific interactions in a plant-pathogen system. Evolution 59, 2518-2524. (doi: 10.1554/05-299.1)
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 2518-2524
    • Salvaudon, L.1    Héraudet, V.2    Shykoff, J.A.3
  • 110
    • 0034613351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila arginase is produced from a nonvital gene that contains the elav locus within its third intron
    • doi:10.1074/jbc.M001346200
    • Samson, M.-L. 2000 Drosophila arginase is produced from a nonvital gene that contains the elav locus within its third intron. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 31 107-31 114. (doi:10.1074/jbc.M001346200)
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275
    • Samson, M.-L.1
  • 111
    • 0032695169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density dependence and unpredictable selection in a heterogeneous environment: Compromise and polymorphism in the ESS reaction norm
    • doi: 10.2307/2640880
    • Sasaki, A. & de Jong, G. 1999 Density dependence and unpredictable selection in a heterogeneous environment: compromise and polymorphism in the ESS reaction norm. Evolution 53, 1329-1342. (doi: 10.2307/2640880)
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 1329-1342
    • Sasaki, A.1    de Jong, G.2
  • 112
    • 33845498605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and obesity in an insect
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0603156103
    • Schilder, R. J. & Marden, J. H. 2006 Metabolic syndrome and obesity in an insect. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 18 805-18 809. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0603156103)
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103
    • Schilder, R.J.1    Marden, J.H.2
  • 113
    • 0041317004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection drives Drosophila immune system evolution
    • Schlenke, T. A. & Begun, D. J. 2003 Natural selection drives Drosophila immune system evolution. Genetics 164, 1471-1480.
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.164 , pp. 1471-1480
    • Schlenke, T.A.1    Begun, D.J.2
  • 114
    • 0037218085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the evolutionary ecology of specific immune defence
    • doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00013-7
    • Schmid-Hempel, P. & Ebert, D. 2003 On the evolutionary ecology of specific immune defence. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 27-32. (doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00013-7)
    • (2003) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.18 , pp. 27-32
    • Schmid-Hempel, P.1    Ebert, D.2
  • 115
    • 12344250958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and specificity in the interactions between the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the pathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens
    • doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-49
    • Schulenburg, H. & Ewbank, J. J. 2004 Diversity and specificity in the interactions between the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the pathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens. BMC Evol. Biol. 4, 49. (doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-49)
    • (2004) BMC Evol. Biol , vol.4 , pp. 49
    • Schulenburg, H.1    Ewbank, J.J.2
  • 116
    • 0026037188 scopus 로고
    • Heligmosomoides polygrus (Nematoda): Susceptible and resistant strains are indistinguishable following natural infection
    • Scott, M. E. 1991 Heligmosomoides polygrus (Nematoda): susceptible and resistant strains are indistinguishable following natural infection. Parasitology 103, 429-438.
    • (1991) Parasitology , vol.103 , pp. 429-438
    • Scott, M.E.1
  • 117
    • 33645985817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High transmission rates restore expression of genetically determined susceptibility of mice to nematode infections
    • doi: 10. 1017/S0031182005009583
    • Scott, M. E. 2006 High transmission rates restore expression of genetically determined susceptibility of mice to nematode infections. Parasitology 132, 669-679. (doi: 10. 1017/S0031182005009583)
    • (2006) Parasitology , vol.132 , pp. 669-679
    • Scott, M.E.1
  • 119
    • 4344614509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic correlations, tradeoffs and environmental variation
    • doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800532
    • Sgrô, C. M. & Hoffmann, A. A. 2004 Genetic correlations, tradeoffs and environmental variation. Heredity 93, 241-248. (doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800532)
    • (2004) Heredity , vol.93 , pp. 241-248
    • Sgrô, C.M.1    Hoffmann, A.A.2
  • 120
    • 0036176083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of human virus diversity
    • doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00639-6
    • Sharp, P. M. 2002 Origins of human virus diversity. Cell 108, 305-312. (doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00639-6)
    • (2002) Cell , vol.108 , pp. 305-312
    • Sharp, P.M.1
  • 121
    • 0031658159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased immune response as a proximate cost of copulation and oviposition in a damselfly
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-3032.1998. 233090.x
    • Siva-Jothy, M. T., Tsubaki, Y & Hooper, R. E. 1998 Decreased immune response as a proximate cost of copulation and oviposition in a damselfly. Physiol. Entomol. 23, 274-277. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-3032.1998. 233090.x)
    • (1998) Physiol. Entomol , vol.23 , pp. 274-277
    • Siva-Jothy, M.T.1    Tsubaki, Y.2    Hooper, R.E.3
  • 122
    • 0035815445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function
    • doi: 10. 1126/science.1057987
    • Tatar, M., Kopelman, A., Epstein, D., Tu, M. P., Yin, C. M. & Garofalo, R. S. 2001 A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function. Science 292, 107-110. (doi: 10. 1126/science.1057987)
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 107-110
    • Tatar, M.1    Kopelman, A.2    Epstein, D.3    Tu, M.P.4    Yin, C.M.5    Garofalo, R.S.6
  • 123
    • 0034616484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The T-cell-mediated immune response and return rate of fledgling American kestrels are positively correlated with parental clutch size
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1086
    • Telia, J. L., Bortolotti, G. R., Dawson, R. D. & Forero, M. G. 2000 The T-cell-mediated immune response and return rate of fledgling American kestrels are positively correlated with parental clutch size. Proc. R. Soc. B 267, 891-895. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1086)
    • (2000) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.267 , pp. 891-895
    • Telia, J.L.1    Bortolotti, G.R.2    Dawson, R.D.3    Forero, M.G.4
  • 124
    • 34548169599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype by genotype interactions modified by a third species in a plant insect system
    • doi:10.1086/520115
    • Tétard-Jones, C., Kertesz, M. A., Gallois, P. & Preziosi, R. F. 2007 Genotype by genotype interactions modified by a third species in a plant insect system. Am. Nat. 170, 492-499. (doi:10.1086/520115)
    • (2007) Am. Nat , vol.170 , pp. 492-499
    • Tétard-Jones, C.1    Kertesz, M.A.2    Gallois, P.3    Preziosi, R.F.4
  • 125
    • 0038506361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions
    • doi:10.1016/S0169- 5347(03)00069-7
    • Thomas, M. B. & Blanford, S. 2003 Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 344-350. (doi:10.1016/S0169- 5347(03)00069-7)
    • (2003) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.18 , pp. 344-350
    • Thomas, M.B.1    Blanford, S.2
  • 126
    • 0027329693 scopus 로고
    • Preference heirarchies and the origin of geographic specialization in host use in swallowtail butterflies
    • doi:10.2307/2410169
    • Thompson, J. N. 1993 Preference heirarchies and the origin of geographic specialization in host use in swallowtail butterflies. Evolution 47, 1585-1594. (doi:10.2307/2410169)
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 1585-1594
    • Thompson, J.N.1
  • 127
    • 0026475926 scopus 로고
    • Gene-for-gene coevolution between plants and parasites
    • doi:10.1038/360121a0
    • Thompson, J. N. & Burdon, J. J. 1992 Gene-for-gene coevolution between plants and parasites. Nature 360, 121-125. (doi:10.1038/360121a0)
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 121-125
    • Thompson, J.N.1    Burdon, J.J.2
  • 128
    • 33750085028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the parasite's previous and current environment mediate the outcome of parasite infection
    • doi: 10. 1086/507997
    • Tseng, M. 2006 Interactions between the parasite's previous and current environment mediate the outcome of parasite infection. Am. Nat. 168, 565-571. (doi: 10. 1086/507997)
    • (2006) Am. Nat , vol.168 , pp. 565-571
    • Tseng, M.1
  • 129
    • 49549086827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature dependent costs of parasitism and the maintenance of polymorphism under genotype-by-environment interactions
    • doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01555.x
    • Vale, P., Stjernman, M. & Little, T. J. 2008 Temperature dependent costs of parasitism and the maintenance of polymorphism under genotype-by-environment interactions. J. Evol. Biol. 21, 1418-1427. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01555.x)
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol , vol.21 , pp. 1418-1427
    • Vale, P.1    Stjernman, M.2    Little, T.J.3
  • 130
    • 0002170310 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of phenotypic plasticity: What do we really know?
    • ed. L. A. Real, pp, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Via, S. 1994 The evolution of phenotypic plasticity: what do we really know? In Ecological genetics (ed. L. A. Real), pp. 35-57. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1994) Ecological genetics , pp. 35-57
    • Via, S.1
  • 131
    • 0033593874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost of resistance: Relationship between reduced fertility and increased resistance in a snail-schistosome host-parasite system
    • doi:10.1098/rspb. 1999.0650
    • Webster, J. P. & Woolhouse, M. E. J. 1999 Cost of resistance: relationship between reduced fertility and increased resistance in a snail-schistosome host-parasite system. Proc. R. Soc. B 266, 391-396. (doi:10.1098/rspb. 1999.0650)
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.266 , pp. 391-396
    • Webster, J.P.1    Woolhouse, M.E.J.2
  • 132
    • 34047209040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic architecture of immune defense and reproduction in male Bombus terrestris bumblebees
    • doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007. 00079.x
    • Wilfert, L., Gadau, J. & Schmid-Hempel, P. 2007 The genetic architecture of immune defense and reproduction in male Bombus terrestris bumblebees. Evolution 61, 804-815. (doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007. 00079.x)
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 804-815
    • Wilfert, L.1    Gadau, J.2    Schmid-Hempel, P.3
  • 133
    • 37749030631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point, couterpoint: The evolution of pathogenic viruses and their human hosts
    • doi:10. 1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095722
    • Worobey, M., Bjork, A. & Wertheim, J. O. 2007 Point, couterpoint: the evolution of pathogenic viruses and their human hosts. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 38, 515-540. (doi:10. 1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095722)
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , vol.38 , pp. 515-540
    • Worobey, M.1    Bjork, A.2    Wertheim, J.O.3
  • 134
    • 0030751670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs and benefits of mosquito refractoriness to malaria parasites: Implications for genetic variability of mosquitoes and genetic control of malaria
    • doi: 10.2307/2411116
    • Yan, G., Severson, D. W & Christensen, B. M. 1997 Costs and benefits of mosquito refractoriness to malaria parasites: implications for genetic variability of mosquitoes and genetic control of malaria. Evolution 51, 441-450. (doi: 10.2307/2411116)
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 441-450
    • Yan, G.1    Severson, D.W.2    Christensen, B.M.3
  • 135
    • 18844363172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costly resistance to parasitism: Evidence from simultaneous quantitative trait loci mapping for resistance and fitness in Tribolium castaneum
    • doi:10.1534/genetics. 104.038794
    • Zhong, D., Pai, A. & Yan, G. 2005 Costly resistance to parasitism: evidence from simultaneous quantitative trait loci mapping for resistance and fitness in Tribolium castaneum. Genetics 169, 2127-2135. (doi:10.1534/genetics. 104.038794)
    • (2005) Genetics , vol.169 , pp. 2127-2135
    • Zhong, D.1    Pai, A.2    Yan, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.