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In 2003 three exporters (from the United States, Canada and Argentina) of agricultural and food products containing GMOs filed complaints under the WTOdispute-settlement mechanismagainst the EC's alleged moratorium on the approval of GMOs during the period of October 1998 to August 2003, as well as against some of the EC Member States' national ban on GMOs and GM foods. In 2006, the WTO panel on the EC-Biotech dispute issued its official report: European Communities, Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products, WT/DS291, WT/DS292, WT/DS293, Panel Report circulated on 29 September 2006, available: http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news06_e/291r_e.htm, accessed 18 July 2008, Several legal, social and ethical concerns linked to this dispute remain to be addressed
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In 2003 three exporters (from the United States, Canada and Argentina) of agricultural and food products containing GMOs filed complaints under the WTOdispute-settlement mechanismagainst the EC's alleged moratorium on the approval of GMOs during the period of October 1998 to August 2003, as well as against some of the EC Member States' national ban on GMOs and GM foods. In 2006, the WTO panel on the EC-Biotech dispute issued its official report: European Communities - Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products, WT/DS291, WT/DS292, WT/DS293, Panel Report circulated on 29 September 2006, available: http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news06_e/291r_e.htm. (accessed 18 July 2008). Several legal, social and ethical concerns linked to this dispute remain to be addressed.
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See White Paper on Food Safety, COM (1999) 719 Final; Science, Society and the Citizen in Europe. Working Document, SEC(2000)1973; Report of the working group "Democratising Expertise and Establishing Scientific Reference Systems", 2 July 2001, available: http://ec.europa.eu/governance/areas/group2/report_en.pdf. (accessed 14 July 2008).
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The EFSA is an independent scientific body, established by the European Parliament and Council Regulation 178/2002/EC of 28 January 2002. Its task is to meet the demand for sound and independent scientific advice to the Commission. In particular the EFSA's scientific GMO Panel deals with questions of genetically modified organisms as defined in Directive 18/2001/EC (regulating deliberate release of GMOs into the environment) and 1829/2003/EC (regulating GM food and feed).
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The EFSA is an independent scientific body, established by the European Parliament and Council Regulation 178/2002/EC of 28 January 2002. Its task is to meet the demand for sound and independent scientific advice to the Commission. In particular the EFSA's scientific GMO Panel deals with questions of genetically modified organisms as defined in Directive 18/2001/EC (regulating deliberate release of GMOs into the environment) and 1829/2003/EC (regulating GM food and feed).
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Alfons Bora has called this a structural coupling of science and law, which has produced a techno-scientific normative system that rigidly defines the legitimate objects of discussion, the specific definition of risk and its societal acceptability; Alfons Bora, "Grenzen der Partizipation? Risikoentscheidungen und Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung im Recht", Zeitschrift fü r Rechtssoziologie, Vol. 15, No. 2 (1994), pp. 126-152.
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