메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 91, Issue 2-4, 2009, Pages 140-152

The global electrical circuit: A review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; ELECTRIC FIELDS; F REGION; IONOSPHERE; STORMS; SURFACE MEASUREMENT; THUNDERSTORMS;

EID: 58149286339     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.05.018     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (174)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 0030357928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations of the global electrical circuit
    • Adlerman E.J., and Williams E.R. Seasonal variations of the global electrical circuit. J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 29679-29688
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 29679-29688
    • Adlerman, E.J.1    Williams, E.R.2
  • 2
    • 58149304560 scopus 로고
    • Effect of nuclear explosions on the atmospheric potential gradient near the ground
    • Agarwala K.S. Effect of nuclear explosions on the atmospheric potential gradient near the ground. Indian J. Meteorol. Geophys. 15 (1964) 437-438
    • (1964) Indian J. Meteorol. Geophys. , vol.15 , pp. 437-438
    • Agarwala, K.S.1
  • 4
    • 0036223850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide dispersion and deposition of radionuclides produced in atmospheric tests
    • Bennett B.G. Worldwide dispersion and deposition of radionuclides produced in atmospheric tests. Health Phys. 82 (2002) 644-655
    • (2002) Health Phys. , vol.82 , pp. 644-655
    • Bennett, B.G.1
  • 7
    • 0001592205 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of thunderstorms over the globe. London
    • Brooks C.E.P. The distribution of thunderstorms over the globe. London. Geophys. Mem. 24 (1925) 147-164
    • (1925) Geophys. Mem. , vol.24 , pp. 147-164
    • Brooks, C.E.P.1
  • 8
    • 58149302019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bultot, F. and Dupriez, G.L., 1987. Niveaux et débits du fleuve Zaïre a Kinshasa, Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Mémoires in-4°, t. VI, fasc. 2, Bruxelles, Belgium.
    • Bultot, F. and Dupriez, G.L., 1987. Niveaux et débits du fleuve Zaïre a Kinshasa, Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Mémoires in-4°, t. VI, fasc. 2, Bruxelles, Belgium.
  • 9
    • 21444455885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual consistency of bi-monthly differences in annual variations of the ground-level, vertical electric field
    • 10.1029/2004JD005469
    • Burns G.B., Frank-Kamenetsky A.V., Troschichev O.A., Bering E.A., and Reddell B.D. Interannual consistency of bi-monthly differences in annual variations of the ground-level, vertical electric field. J. Geophys. Res. 110 D10106 (2005) 10.1029/2004JD005469
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110 , Issue.D10106
    • Burns, G.B.1    Frank-Kamenetsky, A.V.2    Troschichev, O.A.3    Bering, E.A.4    Reddell, B.D.5
  • 10
    • 58149285369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chalmers, J.A., 1967. Atmospheric Electricity, second ed. Pergamon Press.
    • Chalmers, J.A., 1967. Atmospheric Electricity, second ed. Pergamon Press.
  • 12
    • 0003797452 scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric electric climate at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
    • Cobb W.E. The atmospheric electric climate at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. J. Atmos. Sci. 25 (1968) 470-480
    • (1968) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 470-480
    • Cobb, W.E.1
  • 13
    • 0001327251 scopus 로고
    • The electrical conductivity of oceanic air and its correlation to global atmospheric pollution
    • Cobb W.E., and Wells H.J. The electrical conductivity of oceanic air and its correlation to global atmospheric pollution. J. Atmos. Sci. 27 (1970) 814-819
    • (1970) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 814-819
    • Cobb, W.E.1    Wells, H.J.2
  • 14
    • 33947662376 scopus 로고
    • Comment on paper by E.T. Pierce, "Radioactive fallout and secular effects on atmospheric electricity"
    • Collingbourne R.H. Comment on paper by E.T. Pierce, "Radioactive fallout and secular effects on atmospheric electricity". J. Geophys. Res. 77 (1972) 6634-6636
    • (1972) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.77 , pp. 6634-6636
    • Collingbourne, R.H.1
  • 16
    • 0037403361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of "field intensification factors" in calculations for lightning protection and structures
    • D'Alessandro F. The use of "field intensification factors" in calculations for lightning protection and structures. J. Electrost. 58 (2003) 17-43
    • (2003) J. Electrost. , vol.58 , pp. 17-43
    • D'Alessandro, F.1
  • 17
    • 4143114665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the calculation of electric fields and currents of mesoscale convective systems
    • 10.1029/2003JD003832
    • Davydenko S.S., Mareev E.A., Marshall T.C., and Stolzenburg M. On the calculation of electric fields and currents of mesoscale convective systems. J. Geophys. Res. 109 D11 (2004) 10.1029/2003JD003832
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , Issue.D11
    • Davydenko, S.S.1    Mareev, E.A.2    Marshall, T.C.3    Stolzenburg, M.4
  • 18
    • 58149328130 scopus 로고
    • An index to C.T.R. Wilson's laboratory records and notebooks in the library of the Royal Society
    • Dee P.I., and Wormell T.W. An index to C.T.R. Wilson's laboratory records and notebooks in the library of the Royal Society. Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond. 18 1 (1965)
    • (1965) Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond. , vol.18 , Issue.1
    • Dee, P.I.1    Wormell, T.W.2
  • 19
    • 0036064396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VLF lightning location by time of group arrival at multiple sites
    • Dowden R.L., Brundell J.B., and Rodger C.J. VLF lightning location by time of group arrival at multiple sites. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 64 (2002) 817-830
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.64 , pp. 817-830
    • Dowden, R.L.1    Brundell, J.B.2    Rodger, C.J.3
  • 21
    • 34248508837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal variation of the E-region electric fields caused by atmospheric tides
    • 10.1029/2006GL027465
    • England S.L., Maus S., Immel T.J., and Mende S.B. Longitudinal variation of the E-region electric fields caused by atmospheric tides. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L21105 (2006) 10.1029/2006GL027465
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , Issue.L21105
    • England, S.L.1    Maus, S.2    Immel, T.J.3    Mende, S.B.4
  • 22
    • 0001285762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations of the atmospheric electric field in the near-pole region related to the interplanetary magnetic field
    • Frank-Kamenetsky A.V., Troshichev O.A., Burns G.B., and Papitashvili V.O. Variations of the atmospheric electric field in the near-pole region related to the interplanetary magnetic field. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 179-190
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 179-190
    • Frank-Kamenetsky, A.V.1    Troshichev, O.A.2    Burns, G.B.3    Papitashvili, V.O.4
  • 23
    • 3543131849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of intense lightning discharges to the global atmospheric electrical circuit during April 1998
    • Füllekrug M. The contribution of intense lightning discharges to the global atmospheric electrical circuit during April 1998. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 66 (2004) 1115-1119
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.66 , pp. 1115-1119
    • Füllekrug, M.1
  • 24
    • 0031402345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global lightning and climate variability inferred from ELF field variations
    • Füllekrug M., and Fraser-Smith A.C. Global lightning and climate variability inferred from ELF field variations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (1997) 2411-2414
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 2411-2414
    • Füllekrug, M.1    Fraser-Smith, A.C.2
  • 25
    • 33750709657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of sprites to the global atmospheric electric circuit
    • Füllekrug M., and Rycroft M. The contribution of sprites to the global atmospheric electric circuit. Earth Planets Space 58 (2006) 1193-1196
    • (2006) Earth Planets Space , vol.58 , pp. 1193-1196
    • Füllekrug, M.1    Rycroft, M.2
  • 26
    • 0342632767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the hourly contribution of global cloud-to-ground lightning activity to the atmospheric electric field
    • Füllekrug M., Fraser-Smith A.C., Bering E.A., and Few A.A. On the hourly contribution of global cloud-to-ground lightning activity to the atmospheric electric field. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 61 (1999) 745-750
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.61 , pp. 745-750
    • Füllekrug, M.1    Fraser-Smith, A.C.2    Bering, E.A.3    Few, A.A.4
  • 27
    • 58149315965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glasstone, S., Dolan, P.J., 1977. The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, third ed. U.S. Department of Defense and the Energy Research and Development Administration.
    • Glasstone, S., Dolan, P.J., 1977. The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, third ed. U.S. Department of Defense and the Energy Research and Development Administration.
  • 28
    • 33745809530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microphysical and electrical properties of sprite-producing thunderstorms
    • Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges. Füllekrug M., Mareev E.A., and Rycroft M.J. (Eds), Springer
    • The microphysical and electrical properties of sprite-producing thunderstorms. In: Füllekrug M., Mareev E.A., and Rycroft M.J. (Eds). Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges. NATO Science Series, II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry vol. 225 (2006), Springer
    • (2006) NATO Science Series, II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry , vol.225
  • 29
    • 0034745091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the 1997-98 El Nino event on lightning activity over Indonesia
    • Hamid E.F., Kawasaki Z.I., and Mardiana R. Impact of the 1997-98 El Nino event on lightning activity over Indonesia. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (2001) 147-150
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 147-150
    • Hamid, E.F.1    Kawasaki, Z.I.2    Mardiana, R.3
  • 30
    • 0001503762 scopus 로고
    • Global trends of measured surface air temperature
    • Hansen J., and Lebedeff S. Global trends of measured surface air temperature. J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 13345-13372
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 13345-13372
    • Hansen, J.1    Lebedeff, S.2
  • 31
    • 0026447242 scopus 로고
    • Potential climate impact of Mount Pinatubo eruption
    • Hansen J., Lacis A., Ruedy R., and Sato M. Potential climate impact of Mount Pinatubo eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 (1992) 215-218
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 215-218
    • Hansen, J.1    Lacis, A.2    Ruedy, R.3    Sato, M.4
  • 32
    • 58149317669 scopus 로고
    • Effects of radioactive debris from nuclear explosions on the electrical conductivity of the lower atmosphere
    • Harris D.L. Effects of radioactive debris from nuclear explosions on the electrical conductivity of the lower atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 60 (1955) 45-52
    • (1955) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.60 , pp. 45-52
    • Harris, D.L.1
  • 33
    • 0037101691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twentieth century secular decrease in the atmospheric potential gradient
    • 10.1029/2002GL014878
    • Harrison R.G. Twentieth century secular decrease in the atmospheric potential gradient. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 14 (2002) 10.1029/2002GL014878
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.14
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 34
    • 0242368870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to comment on "Twentieth century secular decease of atmospheric potential gradient"
    • 10.1029/2003GL017381
    • Harrison R.G. Reply to comment on "Twentieth century secular decease of atmospheric potential gradient". Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 15 (2003) 1804 10.1029/2003GL017381
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.15 , pp. 1804
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 35
    • 85040494945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twentieth-century atmospheric electrical measurements at the observatories of Kew, Eskdalemuir and Lerwick
    • Harrison R.G. Twentieth-century atmospheric electrical measurements at the observatories of Kew, Eskdalemuir and Lerwick. Weather 58 (2003) 11-19
    • (2003) Weather , vol.58 , pp. 11-19
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 36
    • 1842556067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term measurements of the global electrical circuit at Eskdalemuir, Scotland, 1911-1981
    • Harrison R.G. Long-term measurements of the global electrical circuit at Eskdalemuir, Scotland, 1911-1981. Atmos. Res. 70 (2004) 1-19
    • (2004) Atmos. Res. , vol.70 , pp. 1-19
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 37
    • 23344439541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Harrison R.G. The Global Atmospheric Electrical Circuit and Climate. Surv. Geophys. vol. 25 (2004), Kluwer Academic Publishers 441-484
    • (2004) Surv. Geophys. , vol.25 , pp. 441-484
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 38
    • 18144398934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Columnar resistance changes in urban air
    • Harrison R.G. Columnar resistance changes in urban air. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 67 (2005) 763-773
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.67 , pp. 763-773
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 39
    • 33745851052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric electric fields at the Kennedy Space Center, 1997-2005: No evidence for effects of global warming or modulation by galactic cosmic rays
    • 10.1029/2006GL025880
    • Harrison H. Atmospheric electric fields at the Kennedy Space Center, 1997-2005: No evidence for effects of global warming or modulation by galactic cosmic rays. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L10814 (2006) 10.1029/2006GL025880
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , Issue.L10814
    • Harrison, H.1
  • 40
    • 33847659691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical properties of the surface atmospheric air at Eskdalemuir, 1909-1911
    • Harrison R.G. Electrical properties of the surface atmospheric air at Eskdalemuir, 1909-1911. Atmos. Res. 84 (2007) 182-188
    • (2007) Atmos. Res. , vol.84 , pp. 182-188
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 41
    • 0036721487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-nineteenth century diurnal smoke concentrations at Kew, London
    • Harrison R.G., and Aplin K.L. Mid-nineteenth century diurnal smoke concentrations at Kew, London. Atmos. Environ. 36 (2002) 4037-4043
    • (2002) Atmos. Environ. , vol.36 , pp. 4037-4043
    • Harrison, R.G.1    Aplin, K.L.2
  • 42
    • 18144386151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air-earth current measurements at Kew, London, 1909-1979
    • Harrison R.G., and Ingram W.J. Air-earth current measurements at Kew, London, 1909-1979. Atmos. Res. 76 (2005) 49-64
    • (2005) Atmos. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 49-64
    • Harrison, R.G.1    Ingram, W.J.2
  • 43
    • 43949105017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations of electric activity of global thunderstorms deduced from OTD data
    • Hayakawa M., Sekiguchi M., and Nickolaenko A.P. Diurnal variations of electric activity of global thunderstorms deduced from OTD data. J. Atmos. Electr. 25 (2005) 55-68
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Electr. , vol.25 , pp. 55-68
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Sekiguchi, M.2    Nickolaenko, A.P.3
  • 44
    • 0642263154 scopus 로고
    • Air-earth current observations in various localities
    • Hogg A.R. Air-earth current observations in various localities. Arch. Meteorol. 3 (1950) 40-55
    • (1950) Arch. Meteorol. , vol.3 , pp. 40-55
    • Hogg, A.R.1
  • 45
    • 0345179385 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of electrical conduction currents in the vicinity of thunderstorms
    • Holzer R.E., and Saxon D.S. Distribution of electrical conduction currents in the vicinity of thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res. 57 (1952) 207-216
    • (1952) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.57 , pp. 207-216
    • Holzer, R.E.1    Saxon, D.S.2
  • 46
    • 0042205201 scopus 로고
    • Planetary-scale variability of the fair-weather vertical electric field in the stratosphere
    • Holzworth R.H., Onsager T., Kintner P., and Powell S. Planetary-scale variability of the fair-weather vertical electric field in the stratosphere. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 (1984) 1398-1401
    • (1984) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.53 , pp. 1398-1401
    • Holzworth, R.H.1    Onsager, T.2    Kintner, P.3    Powell, S.4
  • 49
    • 58149315534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Israel, H., 1973a. Atmospheric Electricity, vol. I, Fundamentals, Conductivity, Ions, Published for the National Science Foundation by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, ISBN 0 7065 1129 8.
    • Israel, H., 1973a. Atmospheric Electricity, vol. I, Fundamentals, Conductivity, Ions, Published for the National Science Foundation by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, ISBN 0 7065 1129 8.
  • 50
    • 58149317663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Israel, H., 1973b. Atmospheric Electricity, vol. II Fields, Charges and Currents, Published for the National Science Foundation by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, ISBN 0 7065 1129 8.
    • Israel, H., 1973b. Atmospheric Electricity, vol. II Fields, Charges and Currents, Published for the National Science Foundation by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, ISBN 0 7065 1129 8.
  • 51
    • 0034781394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation of fair weather atmospheric electricity at Marsta Observatory, Sweden, 1993-1998
    • Israelsson S., and Tammet H. Variation of fair weather atmospheric electricity at Marsta Observatory, Sweden, 1993-1998. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 63 (2001) 1693-1703
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.63 , pp. 1693-1703
    • Israelsson, S.1    Tammet, H.2
  • 54
    • 4143098383 scopus 로고
    • Das Gewitter als Generator im luftelectrischen Stromkreis (I and II) ("The weather as a generator of atmospheric electrical current flow")
    • Kasemir H. Das Gewitter als Generator im luftelectrischen Stromkreis (I and II) ("The weather as a generator of atmospheric electrical current flow"). Z. Phys. 25 (1959) 33-96
    • (1959) Z. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 33-96
    • Kasemir, H.1
  • 56
    • 58149283056 scopus 로고
    • Trapped radiation and ionospheric perturbations due to an impulsive neutron source
    • Kenney J.F., and Willard H.R. Trapped radiation and ionospheric perturbations due to an impulsive neutron source. J. Geophys. Res. 68 (1963) 4645-4657
    • (1963) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.68 , pp. 4645-4657
    • Kenney, J.F.1    Willard, H.R.2
  • 59
    • 0031449308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global population of mesoscale convective complexes
    • Laing A.G., and Fritsch J.M. The global population of mesoscale convective complexes. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 123 (1997) 389-405
    • (1997) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 389-405
    • Laing, A.G.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 60
    • 84977286262 scopus 로고
    • Low frequency electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth-ionosphere cavity
    • Madden T.R., and Thompson W.B. Low frequency electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth-ionosphere cavity. Rev.Geophys. 3 (1965) 211-254
    • (1965) Rev.Geophys. , vol.3 , pp. 211-254
    • Madden, T.R.1    Thompson, W.B.2
  • 61
    • 0242490358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes in atmospheric electrical parameters observed at Nagycenk (Hungary) and the UK observatories at Eskdalemuir and Kew
    • Märcz F., and Harrison R.G. Long-term changes in atmospheric electrical parameters observed at Nagycenk (Hungary) and the UK observatories at Eskdalemuir and Kew. Ann. Geophys. 21 (2003) 2193-2200
    • (2003) Ann. Geophys. , vol.21 , pp. 2193-2200
    • Märcz, F.1    Harrison, R.G.2
  • 62
    • 26844433068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further signatures of long-term changes in atmospheric electrical parameters in Europe
    • Märcz F., and Harrison R.G. Further signatures of long-term changes in atmospheric electrical parameters in Europe. Ann. Geophys. 23 (2005) 1987-1995
    • (2005) Ann. Geophys. , vol.23 , pp. 1987-1995
    • Märcz, F.1    Harrison, R.G.2
  • 63
    • 33750626242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "Shielding effects of trees on the measurement of the Earth's electric field: Implications for secular variations of the global electrical circuit", by E. Williams, R. Markson and S. Heckman
    • 10.1029/2005GL025574
    • Märcz F., and Harrison R.G. Comment on "Shielding effects of trees on the measurement of the Earth's electric field: Implications for secular variations of the global electrical circuit", by E. Williams, R. Markson and S. Heckman. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L12803 (2006) 10.1029/2005GL025574
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , Issue.L12803
    • Märcz, F.1    Harrison, R.G.2
  • 64
    • 0345071368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in Schumann resonances and their relation to atmospheric electric parameters at Nagycenk station
    • Märcz F., Sátori G., and Zieger B. Variations in Schumann resonances and their relation to atmospheric electric parameters at Nagycenk station. Ann. Geophys. 15 (1997) 1604-1614
    • (1997) Ann. Geophys. , vol.15 , pp. 1604-1614
    • Märcz, F.1    Sátori, G.2    Zieger, B.3
  • 65
    • 33748502374 scopus 로고
    • Solar modulation of atmospheric electrification and possible implications for a Sun-weather relationship
    • Markson R. Solar modulation of atmospheric electrification and possible implications for a Sun-weather relationship. Nature 273 (1978) 103-109
    • (1978) Nature , vol.273 , pp. 103-109
    • Markson, R.1
  • 66
    • 0000278255 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the Earth's electric field by cosmic radiation
    • Markson R. Modulation of the Earth's electric field by cosmic radiation. Nature 291 (1981) 304-308
    • (1981) Nature , vol.291 , pp. 304-308
    • Markson, R.1
  • 68
    • 33947665019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global circuit intensity: its measurement and variation over the last 50 years
    • 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-223, 223-241
    • Markson R. The global circuit intensity: its measurement and variation over the last 50 years. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. (2007) 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-223, 223-241
    • (2007) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc.
    • Markson, R.1
  • 69
    • 0032693346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global scale comparisons of simultaneous ionospheric potential measurements
    • Markson R., Ruhnke L.H., and Williams E.R. Global scale comparisons of simultaneous ionospheric potential measurements. Atmos. Res. 51 (1999) 315-321
    • (1999) Atmos. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 315-321
    • Markson, R.1    Ruhnke, L.H.2    Williams, E.R.3
  • 70
    • 0000839611 scopus 로고
    • Two types of vertical electrical structures in stratiform precipitation regions of mesoscale convective systems
    • Marshall T.C., and Rust W.D. Two types of vertical electrical structures in stratiform precipitation regions of mesoscale convective systems. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74 (1993) 2159-2170
    • (1993) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.74 , pp. 2159-2170
    • Marshall, T.C.1    Rust, W.D.2
  • 71
    • 0242344902 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric smoke concentration measurements at Eskdalemuir
    • McIntosh D.H. Atmospheric smoke concentration measurements at Eskdalemuir. Meteorol. Mag. 1016 86 (1957) 36-41
    • (1957) Meteorol. Mag. , vol.1016 , Issue.86 , pp. 36-41
    • McIntosh, D.H.1
  • 73
    • 0344120095 scopus 로고
    • New determination of air-earth current over the ocean and measurements of ionspheric potentials
    • Muhleisen R. New determination of air-earth current over the ocean and measurements of ionspheric potentials. Pure Appl. Geophys. 84 (1971) 112-115
    • (1971) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.84 , pp. 112-115
    • Muhleisen, R.1
  • 74
    • 0002256676 scopus 로고
    • The global circuit and its parameters, 467-476
    • Dolezalek H., and Reiter R. (Eds), Steinkopff, Darmstadt
    • Muhleisen R. The global circuit and its parameters, 467-476. In: Dolezalek H., and Reiter R. (Eds). Electrical Processes in Atmospheres (1977), Steinkopff, Darmstadt
    • (1977) Electrical Processes in Atmospheres
    • Muhleisen, R.1
  • 75
    • 0034233028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of recent rainfall conditions in West Africa, including the rainy seasons of the 1997 El Nino and the 1998 La Nina years
    • Nicholson S.E., Some B., and Kone B. An analysis of recent rainfall conditions in West Africa, including the rainy seasons of the 1997 El Nino and the 1998 La Nina years. J. Climate 13 (1999) 2628-2640
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 2628-2640
    • Nicholson, S.E.1    Some, B.2    Kone, B.3
  • 76
    • 16644376070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term periodical variations in the global lightning activity deduced from the Schumann resonance monitoring
    • Nickolaenko A.P., Hayakawa M., and Hobara Y. Long-term periodical variations in the global lightning activity deduced from the Schumann resonance monitoring. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 27585-27591
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 27585-27591
    • Nickolaenko, A.P.1    Hayakawa, M.2    Hobara, Y.3
  • 77
    • 33646447870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in global lightning activity inferred from the OTD records
    • 10.1029/2005GL024884
    • Nickolaenko A.P., Hayakawa M., and Sekiguchi M. Variations in global lightning activity inferred from the OTD records. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L06823 (2006) 10.1029/2005GL024884
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , Issue.L06823
    • Nickolaenko, A.P.1    Hayakawa, M.2    Sekiguchi, M.3
  • 78
    • 0242595652 scopus 로고
    • Global circuit variability from multiple stratospheric electrical measurements
    • Norville K., and Holzworth R. Global circuit variability from multiple stratospheric electrical measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 5685-5695
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 5685-5695
    • Norville, K.1    Holzworth, R.2
  • 80
    • 0346596971 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the electrostatic field in the stratosphere
    • Paltridge G.W. Measurement of the electrostatic field in the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 69 (1964) 1947-1954
    • (1964) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.69 , pp. 1947-1954
    • Paltridge, G.W.1
  • 81
    • 0001208796 scopus 로고
    • Experimental measurements of the small-ion density and electrical conductivity of the stratosphere
    • Paltridge G.W. Experimental measurements of the small-ion density and electrical conductivity of the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 70 (1965) 2751-2761
    • (1965) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.70 , pp. 2751-2761
    • Paltridge, G.W.1
  • 82
    • 0000728689 scopus 로고
    • Solar magnetic sector effects on the vertical atmospheric electric field at Vostok, Antarctica
    • Park C.G. Solar magnetic sector effects on the vertical atmospheric electric field at Vostok, Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Lett. 3 (1976) 475-478
    • (1976) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 475-478
    • Park, C.G.1
  • 83
    • 0002962360 scopus 로고
    • The diurnal variation of the electric potential of the atmosphere over the oceans
    • Parkinson W.C., and Torreson O.W. The diurnal variation of the electric potential of the atmosphere over the oceans. UGGI Bull. 8 (1931) 340-341
    • (1931) UGGI Bull. , vol.8 , pp. 340-341
    • Parkinson, W.C.1    Torreson, O.W.2
  • 84
    • 0012124742 scopus 로고
    • Radioactive fallout and secular effects in atmospheric electricity
    • Pierce E.T. Radioactive fallout and secular effects in atmospheric electricity. J. Geophys. Res. 77 (1972) 482-487
    • (1972) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.77 , pp. 482-487
    • Pierce, E.T.1
  • 85
    • 58149315531 scopus 로고
    • Reply (to Collingbourne (1972))
    • Pierce E.T. Reply (to Collingbourne (1972)). J. Geophys. Res. 77 (1972) 6637-6638
    • (1972) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.77 , pp. 6637-6638
    • Pierce, E.T.1
  • 86
    • 0027871374 scopus 로고
    • Global surface temperatures and the atmospheric electric circuit
    • Price C. Global surface temperatures and the atmospheric electric circuit. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20 (1993) 1363
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 1363
    • Price, C.1
  • 87
    • 33750623251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferred long term trends in lightning activity over Africa
    • Price C., and Asfur M. Inferred long term trends in lightning activity over Africa. Earth Planets Space 58 (2006) 1197-1201
    • (2006) Earth Planets Space , vol.58 , pp. 1197-1201
    • Price, C.1    Asfur, M.2
  • 88
    • 21444440001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations of atmospheric electricity measured at Amundsen-Scott South Pole station
    • 10.1029/2004JA010536
    • Reddell B.D., Benbrook J.R., Bering E.A., Cleary E.N., and Few A.A. Seasonal variations of atmospheric electricity measured at Amundsen-Scott South Pole station. J. Geophys. Res. 109 A09308 (2004) 10.1029/2004JA010536
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , Issue.A09308
    • Reddell, B.D.1    Benbrook, J.R.2    Bering, E.A.3    Cleary, E.N.4    Few, A.A.5
  • 89
    • 0026272633 scopus 로고
    • Study of the air-earth electrical current density in Athens
    • Retalis D.A. Study of the air-earth electrical current density in Athens. Pageoph. 136 (1981) 217-233
    • (1981) Pageoph. , vol.136 , pp. 217-233
    • Retalis, D.A.1
  • 90
    • 0002850299 scopus 로고
    • The global atmospheric-electrical circuit
    • National Academy Press
    • Roble R.G., and Tzur I. The global atmospheric-electrical circuit. The Earth's Electrical Environment (1986), National Academy Press
    • (1986) The Earth's Electrical Environment
    • Roble, R.G.1    Tzur, I.2
  • 91
    • 0034483361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global atmospheric electric circuit, solar activity and climate change
    • Rycroft M.J., Israelsson S., and Price C. The global atmospheric electric circuit, solar activity and climate change. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 62 (2000) 1563-1576
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. , vol.62 , pp. 1563-1576
    • Rycroft, M.J.1    Israelsson, S.2    Price, C.3
  • 92
    • 36148973203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rycroft, M.J., Odzimek, A., Arnold, N.F., Fullekrug, M., Kulak, A., Neubert, T., 2007. New model simulations of the global atmospheric electric circuit driven by thunderstorms and electrified shower clouds: The roles of lightning and sprites, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 69 (17-18), 2485-2509.
    • Rycroft, M.J., Odzimek, A., Arnold, N.F., Fullekrug, M., Kulak, A., Neubert, T., 2007. New model simulations of the global atmospheric electric circuit driven by thunderstorms and electrified shower clouds: The roles of lightning and sprites, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 69 (17-18), 2485-2509.
  • 93
    • 0005747067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral characteristics of Schumann resonances observed in central Europe
    • Sátori G., and Zieger B. Spectral characteristics of Schumann resonances observed in central Europe. J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 29663-29669
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 29663-29669
    • Sátori, G.1    Zieger, B.2
  • 95
    • 58149285364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sátori, G., Mushtak, V., Williams, E., 2008. Schumann resonance signatures of global lightning activity. In: Betz, H.-D., Schumann, U., Laroche, P. (Eds.), Lightning: Principles, Instruments and Applications. Springer.
    • Sátori, G., Mushtak, V., Williams, E., 2008. Schumann resonance signatures of global lightning activity. In: Betz, H.-D., Schumann, U., Laroche, P. (Eds.), Lightning: Principles, Instruments and Applications. Springer.
  • 96
    • 58149285858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sátori, G., Williams, E., Lemperger, I., in press. Variability of global lightning activity on the ENSO time scale. International Conference on Atmo- spheric Electricity, Beijing, China, August.
    • Sátori, G., Williams, E., Lemperger, I., in press. Variability of global lightning activity on the ENSO time scale. International Conference on Atmo- spheric Electricity, Beijing, China, August.
  • 97
    • 33751099048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a link between the intensity of Schumann resonances and global surface temperature
    • Sekiguchi M., Hayakawa M., Nickolaenko A.P., and Hobara Y. Evidence for a link between the intensity of Schumann resonances and global surface temperature. Ann. Geophys. 24 (2006) 1809-1817
    • (2006) Ann. Geophys. , vol.24 , pp. 1809-1817
    • Sekiguchi, M.1    Hayakawa, M.2    Nickolaenko, A.P.3    Hobara, Y.4
  • 98
    • 58149315530 scopus 로고
    • The effect of nuclear explosions on atmospheric electricity
    • NSA-17-001639, May-June
    • Simon A. The effect of nuclear explosions on atmospheric electricity. Nucl. Sci. Abstr. 66 (1962) 146-153 NSA-17-001639, May-June
    • (1962) Nucl. Sci. Abstr. , vol.66 , pp. 146-153
    • Simon, A.1
  • 99
    • 42949154394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fallout from nuclear weapons tests and cancer risks
    • Simon S.L., Bouville A., and Land C.E. Fallout from nuclear weapons tests and cancer risks. Am. Sci. 94 1 (2006) 48
    • (2006) Am. Sci. , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 48
    • Simon, S.L.1    Bouville, A.2    Land, C.E.3
  • 100
    • 33644477666 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric electricity in high latitudes
    • Simpson G.C. Atmospheric electricity in high latitudes. Phil. Trans. A 205 (1905) 61-97
    • (1905) Phil. Trans. A , vol.205 , pp. 61-97
    • Simpson, G.C.1
  • 101
    • 65249149983 scopus 로고
    • Discussion on the paper by F.J.W. Whipple, "On the association of the diurnal variation of electric potential gradient in fine weather with the distribution of thunderstorms over the globe
    • Simpson G.C. Discussion on the paper by F.J.W. Whipple, "On the association of the diurnal variation of electric potential gradient in fine weather with the distribution of thunderstorms over the globe. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 55 (1929) 13-15
    • (1929) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.55 , pp. 13-15
    • Simpson, G.C.1
  • 103
    • 13844319483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes observed up to 20 MeV
    • Smith D.M., Lopez L.I., Lin R.P., and Barrington-Leigh C.P. Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes observed up to 20 MeV. Science 307 (2005) 1085-1088
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1085-1088
    • Smith, D.M.1    Lopez, L.I.2    Lin, R.P.3    Barrington-Leigh, C.P.4
  • 104
    • 0027802379 scopus 로고
    • A global model of thunderstorm electricity
    • Stansbery E.K., Few A.A., and Geis P.B. A global model of thunderstorm electricity. J. Geophys. Res. 98 D9 (1993) 16591-16603
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , Issue.D9 , pp. 16591-16603
    • Stansbery, E.K.1    Few, A.A.2    Geis, P.B.3
  • 107
    • 34548708518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of global electric circuit in solar and internal forcing of clouds and climate
    • Tinsley B.A., Burns G.B., and Zhou L. The role of global electric circuit in solar and internal forcing of clouds and climate. Advances in Space Research 40 (2007) 1126-1139
    • (2007) Advances in Space Research , vol.40 , pp. 1126-1139
    • Tinsley, B.A.1    Burns, G.B.2    Zhou, L.3
  • 110
    • 0022166198 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of a dipolar thunderstorm with its global electrical environment
    • Tzur I., and Roble R.G. The interaction of a dipolar thunderstorm with its global electrical environment. J. Geophys. Res. 90 (1985) 5989-5999
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 5989-5999
    • Tzur, I.1    Roble, R.G.2
  • 112
    • 5344256323 scopus 로고
    • On the association of the diurnal variation of the electric potential gradient in fine weather with the distribution of thunderstorms over the globe
    • Whipple F.J.W. On the association of the diurnal variation of the electric potential gradient in fine weather with the distribution of thunderstorms over the globe. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 55 (1929) 351-361
    • (1929) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.55 , pp. 351-361
    • Whipple, F.J.W.1
  • 113
    • 2142737402 scopus 로고
    • Solar modulation of the supply current for atmospheric electricity?
    • Willett J.C. Solar modulation of the supply current for atmospheric electricity?. J. Geophys. Res. 84 (1979) 4999-5002
    • (1979) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.84 , pp. 4999-5002
    • Willett, J.C.1
  • 114
    • 58149315529 scopus 로고
    • The effect of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio communication
    • October
    • Williams H.P. The effect of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio communication. IRE Trans. Mil. Electron. (1962) 326-338 October
    • (1962) IRE Trans. Mil. Electron. , pp. 326-338
    • Williams, H.P.1
  • 115
    • 0002265391 scopus 로고
    • The electrification of thunderstorms
    • November
    • Williams E.R. The electrification of thunderstorms. Sci. Am. (1988) 88-99 November
    • (1988) Sci. Am. , pp. 88-99
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 116
    • 0026494815 scopus 로고
    • The Schumann resonance: a global tropical thermometer
    • Williams E.R. The Schumann resonance: a global tropical thermometer. Science 256 (1992) 1184-1187
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 1184-1187
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 117
    • 0028557580 scopus 로고
    • Global circuit response to seasonal variations in global surface air temperature
    • Williams E.R. Global circuit response to seasonal variations in global surface air temperature. Mon. Weather Rev. 122 (1994) 1917-1929
    • (1994) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1917-1929
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 118
    • 0032449922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The positive charge reservoir for sprite-producing lightning
    • Williams E. The positive charge reservoir for sprite-producing lightning. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 60 (1998) 689-692
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.60 , pp. 689-692
    • Williams, E.1
  • 119
    • 21444437169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global circuit response to temperature on distinct time scales: a status report
    • Hayakawa M. (Ed), Terra Scientific Publishing, Tokyo
    • Williams E.R. Global circuit response to temperature on distinct time scales: a status report. In: Hayakawa M. (Ed). Atmospheric and Ionospheric Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes (1999), Terra Scientific Publishing, Tokyo
    • (1999) Atmospheric and Ionospheric Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 120
    • 18844378029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global electrical circuit
    • Holton J.R., Pyle J., and Curry J.A. (Eds), Elsevier
    • Williams E.R. The global electrical circuit. In: Holton J.R., Pyle J., and Curry J.A. (Eds). Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences vol. 2 (2003), Elsevier 724-732
    • (2003) Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences , vol.2 , pp. 724-732
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 121
    • 0242305870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on: "Twentieth century secular decrease in the atmospheric potential gradient" by Giles Harrison: Global changes in current or local changes in air pollution?
    • 10.1029/2003GL017094
    • Williams E.R. Comments on: "Twentieth century secular decrease in the atmospheric potential gradient" by Giles Harrison: Global changes in current or local changes in air pollution?. Geophys. Res. Lett. (2003) 10.1029/2003GL017094
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett.
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 122
    • 23144442012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning and climate: a review
    • Williams E.R. Lightning and climate: a review. Atmos. Res. 76 (2005) 272-287
    • (2005) Atmos. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 272-287
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 123
    • 58149302007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G.C. Simpson versus C.T.R. Wilson: fifty years of controversy in atmospheric electricity
    • 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.024 (this issue)
    • Williams E.R. G.C. Simpson versus C.T.R. Wilson: fifty years of controversy in atmospheric electricity. Atmos. Res. 91 (2009) 259-271 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.024 (this issue)
    • (2009) Atmos. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 259-271
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 124
    • 0242604692 scopus 로고
    • Conditional instability, tropical lightning, ionospheric potential, and global change
    • American Meteorological Society
    • Williams E.R., and Renno N.O. Conditional instability, tropical lightning, ionospheric potential, and global change. 19th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami (1991), American Meteorological Society 36-42
    • (1991) 19th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami , pp. 36-42
    • Williams, E.R.1    Renno, N.O.2
  • 125
    • 0027386522 scopus 로고
    • The local diurnal variation of cloud electrification and the global diurnal variation of negative charge on the Earth
    • Williams E.R., and Heckman S.J. The local diurnal variation of cloud electrification and the global diurnal variation of negative charge on the Earth. J. Geophys. Res. 98 (1993) 5221-5234
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 5221-5234
    • Williams, E.R.1    Heckman, S.J.2
  • 126
    • 3543095659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning, thermodynamic and hydrological comparison of the two tropical continental chimneys
    • Williams E.R., and Satori G. Lightning, thermodynamic and hydrological comparison of the two tropical continental chimneys. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 66 (2004) 1213-1231
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.66 , pp. 1213-1231
    • Williams, E.R.1    Satori, G.2
  • 127
    • 33745809530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microphysical and electrical properties of sprite-producing thunderstorms
    • Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges. Füllekrug M., Mareev E.A., and Rycroft M.J. (Eds), Springer
    • Williams E.R., and Yair Y. The microphysical and electrical properties of sprite-producing thunderstorms. In: Füllekrug M., Mareev E.A., and Rycroft M.J. (Eds). Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges. NATO Science Series, II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry vol. 225 (2006), Springer
    • (2006) NATO Science Series, II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry , vol.225
    • Williams, E.R.1    Yair, Y.2
  • 129
    • 28144436722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shielding effects of trees on the measurement of the Earth's electric field: implications for secular variations of the global electrical circuit
    • 10.1029/2005GL023717
    • Williams E., Markson R., and Heckman S. Shielding effects of trees on the measurement of the Earth's electric field: implications for secular variations of the global electrical circuit. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 L19810 (2005) 10.1029/2005GL023717
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32 , Issue.L19810
    • Williams, E.1    Markson, R.2    Heckman, S.3
  • 131
    • 51149143734 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric electricity
    • Wilson C.T.R. Atmospheric electricity. Nature 68 (1903) 102-104
    • (1903) Nature , vol.68 , pp. 102-104
    • Wilson, C.T.R.1
  • 132
    • 0002573153 scopus 로고
    • Investigations on lightning discharges and the electric field of thunderstorms
    • Wilson C.T.R. Investigations on lightning discharges and the electric field of thunderstorms. Phil. Trans. A. 221 (1920) 73-115
    • (1920) Phil. Trans. A. , vol.221 , pp. 73-115
    • Wilson, C.T.R.1
  • 133
    • 0012491785 scopus 로고
    • Vertical electric currents below thunderstorms and showers
    • Wormell T.W. Vertical electric currents below thunderstorms and showers. Proc. Roy. Soc., London, Series A 127 (1930) 567-590
    • (1930) Proc. Roy. Soc., London, Series A , vol.127 , pp. 567-590
    • Wormell, T.W.1
  • 134
    • 3543134583 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric electricity: Some recent trends and problems
    • Wormell T.W. Atmospheric electricity: Some recent trends and problems. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 79 (1953) 474-489
    • (1953) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.79 , pp. 474-489
    • Wormell, T.W.1
  • 135
    • 0038328027 scopus 로고
    • Very low frequency disturbances and the high-altitude nuclear explosion of July 9, 1962
    • Zmuda A.J., Shaw B.W., and Haave C.R. Very low frequency disturbances and the high-altitude nuclear explosion of July 9, 1962. J. Geophys. Res. 68 (1963) 745-758
    • (1963) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.68 , pp. 745-758
    • Zmuda, A.J.1    Shaw, B.W.2    Haave, C.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.