Thermohaline variability of Mediterranean Water in the Gulf of Cadiz, 1948-1999

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 55, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 1624-1638

  Fusco, Giannetta ^a   Artale, Vincenzo ^b   Cotroneo, Yuri ^a   Sannino, Gianmaria ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES PARTHENOPE   (Italy)

^b ENEA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Gulf of Cadiz; Mediterranean water; Thermohaline variability; Trend

Indexed keywords

OCEANOGRAPHY;

ARCTIC SEAS; ATLANTIC OCEANS; ATLANTIC WATERS; AVERAGE VALUES; DATA SETS; DEEP WATERS; DENSE WATERS; EXTERNAL FORCING; GIBRALTAR STRAITS; GIBRALTARS; GLOBAL OCEANS; GREENLAND SEAS; GULF OF CADIZ; KEY PROCESSES; LAYER THICKNESSES; LEVANTINE INTERMEDIATE WATERS; MARGINAL SEAS; MEDITERRANEAN BASINS; MEDITERRANEAN SEAS; MEDITERRANEAN WATER; MEDITERRANEAN WATERS; NORTH ATLANTIC; OUT-FLOWS; TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATIONS; THERMOHALINE VARIABILITY; TREND; WATER COLUMNS; WATER MASS TRANSFORMATIONS; WATER MASSES; WATER PROPERTIES;

SALINITY MEASUREMENT;

DATA SET; MEDITERRANEAN WATER; OUTFLOW; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE ANOMALY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; TREND ANALYSIS; VENTILATION; WATER COLUMN;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF OF CADIZ; STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR;

EID: 55849119517     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.009     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Ambar I., and Howe M.R. Observations of the Mediterranean outflow-I. Mixing in the Mediterranean outflow. Deep-Sea Research 26A (1979) 535-554
2. Ambar I., and Howe M.R. Observations of the Mediterranean outflow-II. The deep circulation in the vicinity of the Gulf of Cadiz. Deep-Sea Research 26A (1979) 555-568
3. Arbic B.K., and Owens W.B. Climatic warming of Atlantic intermediate waters. Journal of Climate 14 20 (2001) 4091-4108
4. Artale V., Iudicone D., Santoleri R., Rupolo V., Marullo S., and D'Ortenzio F. Role of surface fluxes in ocean general circulation models using satellite sea surface temperature: validation of and sensitivity to the forcing frequency of the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (2002) C8
5. Artale V., Calmanti S., Pisacane G., and Rupolo V. The Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea as connected systems. In: Lionello P., Malanotte-Rizzoli P., and Boscolo R. (Eds). Mediterranean Climate Variability (2006), Elsevier, Amsterdam 283-323
6. Baringer M.O., and Price J.F. Mixing and spreading of the Mediterranean outflow. Journal of Physical Oceanography 27 (1997) 1654-1677
7. Bethoux J.P., and Tailliez J. Deep-water in the western Mediterranean Sea, yearly climatic signature and enigmatic spreading. In: Malanotte-Rizzoli P., and Robinson A.R. (Eds). Ocean Processes in Climate Dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples (1994), Kluwer Acad. Publish., Dordrecht 355-369
8. Bethoux J.P., Gentili B., Raunet J., and Tailliez D. Warming trend in the western Mediterreanean deep water. Nature 347 (1990) 660-662
9. Béthoux J.P., Gentili B., and Tailliez D. Warming and freshwater budget change in the Mediterranean since the 1940s, their possible relation to the greenhouse effect. Geophysical Research Letters 25 (1998) 1023-1026
10. Borenas K.M., Wåhlin A.K., Ambar I., and Serra N. The Mediterranean outflow splitting-a comparison between theoretical models and CANIGO data. Deep-Sea Research II 49 (2002) 4195-4205
11. Boyer T.P., Antonov J.I., Garcia H.E., Johnson D.R., Locarnini R.A., Mishonov A.V., Pitcher M.T., Baranova O.K., and Smolyar I.V. World ocean database 2005. In: Levitus S. (Ed). NOAA Atlas NESDIS 60 (2006), US Government Printing Office, Wash., D.C. DVDs
12. Brankart J.M., and Pinardi N. Abrupt cooling of the Mediterranean Levantine intermediate water at the beginning of the 1980s: observational evidence and model simulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography 31 8 (2001) 2307-2320
13. Bryden H.L., and Stommel H.M. Origin of the Mediterranean outflow. Journal of Marine Research 40 (1982) 55-71 (Supplement to)
14. Bryden H.L., and Stommel H.M. Limiting processes that determine basic features of the circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. Oceanologica Acta 7 (1984) 289-296
15. Bryden H.L., Griffiths M.J., Lavin A.M., Millard R.C., Parilla G., and Smethie W.M. Decadal changes in water mass characteristics at 24°N in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Climate 9 12 (1996) 3162-3186
16. Curry R., Dickson B., and Yashayaev I. A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades. Letters to Nature 426 (2003) 826-829
17. Dietz E.J., and Killeen T.J. A nonparametric multivariate test for monotone trend, with pharmaceutical applications. Journal of American Statistical Association 76 (1981) 169-174
18. Gasparini G.P., Ortona A., Budillon G., Astraldi M., and Sansone E. The effect of the Eastern Mediterranean transient on the hydrographic characteristics in the strait of Sicily and in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 52 (2005) 915-935
19. Gerdes R., Köberle C., Beckmann A., Herrmann P., and Willebrand J. Mechanisms for spreading of Mediterranean water in coarse-resolution numerical models. Journal of Physical Oceanography 29 (1999) 1682-1700
20. Gonzales-Pola C., Lavin A., and Vargas-Yanez M. Intense warming and salinity modification of intermediate water masses in the southeastern corner of the Bay of Biscay for the period 1992-2003. Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005) C05020
21. Gouretski V.V., and Jancke K. A description and quality assessment of the historical hydrographic data for the South Pacific Ocean. Journal of Atmospheric and Ocean Technology 16 (1999) 1791-1815
22. Hopkins T.S. The thermohaline forcing of the Gibraltar exchange. Journal of Marine Systems 20 (1999) 1-31
23. Krahmann G., and Schott F. Long-term increase in Mediterranean salinities and temperatures: mixed anthropogenic and climatic sources. Geophysical Research Letters 25 (1998) 4209-4212
24. Lafuente, G., Sanchez Roman, J.A., Di{dotless}az del Ri{dotless}o, G., Sannino, G., Sanchez Garrido, J.C., 2007. Recent observations of seasonal variability of the Mediterranean outflow in the Strait of Gibraltar. Journal of Geophysical Research 112, C10005 doi:10.1029/2006JC003992.
25. Levitus S., Antonov J.I., Boyer T.P., and Stephens C. Warming of the World Ocean. Science 287 (2000) 2225-2229
26. Levitus S., Antonov J.I., and Boyer T.P. Warming of the World Ocean, 1955-2003. Geophysical Research Letters 32 L02604 (2005)
27. Luterbacher L., Dietrich D., Xoplaki E., Grosjean M., and Wanner H. European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends and extremes since 1500. Science 303 (2004) 1499-1503
28. Madelain F. Influence de la topographie du fond sur l'écoulement Méditerranéen entre le détroit de Gibraltar et le Cap Saint-Vincent. Cahiers Océanography 22 1 (1970) 43-61
29. Malanotte-Rizzoli P., Manca B.B., Ribera d'Alcalà M., Theocharis A., Brenner S., Budillon G., and Ozsoy E. The Eastern Mediterranean in the 80's and in the 90's: the big transition in the intermediate and deep circulations. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 29 (1999) 365-395
30. Mann H.B. Non-parametric tests against trend. Econometrica 13 (1945) 245-259
31. Millot C., Candela J., Fuda J.L., and Tber Y. Large Warming and salinification of the Mediterranean outflow due to changes in its composition. Deep-Sea Research I 53 (2006) 655-666
32. Mulder T., Lecroart P., Hanquiez V., Marches E., Gonthier E., Guedes J.C., Thiébot E., Jaaidi B., Kenyon N., Voisset M., Perez C., Sayago M., Fuchey Y., and Bujan S. The western part of the Gulf of Cadiz: contour currents and turbidity currents interactions. Geo-Marine Letters 26 (2006) 31-41
33. Pisacane G., Artale V., Calmanti S., and Rupolo V. Decadal oscillations in the Mediterranean Sea: a result of the overturning circulation variability in the Eastern basin?. Climate Research 31 (2006) 2-3
34. Polyakov I.V., Bhatt U.S., Simmons H.L., Walsh D., Walsh J.E., and Zhang X. Multidecadal variability of North Atlantic temperature and salinity during the twentieth century. Journal of Climate 18 (2005) 4562-4581
35. Potter R.A., and Lozier M.S. On the warming and salinification of the Mediterranean outflow waters in the North Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters 31 1 (2004) L01202
36. Reid J.L. On the contribution of the Mediterranean Sea outflow to the Norwegian-Greenland sea. Deep-Sea Research 26A 1 (1979) 199-223
37. Rixen M., Beckers J.M., Levitus S., Antonov J., Boyer T., Maillard C., Fichaut M., Balopoulos E., Iona S., Dooley H., Garcia M.-J., Manca B., Giorgetti A., Manzella G., Mikhailov N., Pinardi N., and Zavatarelli M. The Western Mediterranean deep water: a new proxy for global climate change. Geophysical Research Letters 32 L12608 (2005)
38. Roether W., Manca B.B., Klein B., Bregant D., Georgopoulos D., Beitzel V., Kovacevic V., and Luchetta A. Recent changes in eastern Mediterranean deep waters. Science 271 5247 (1996) 333-335
39. Rohling E.J., and Bryden H.L. Man-induced salinity and temperature increases in Western Mediterranean deep-water. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 C7 (1992) 11191-11198
40. Sannino G., Bargagli A., and Artale V. Numerical modelling of the exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 C8 (2002) 3094
41. Sannino G., Bargagli A., and Artale V. Numerical modeling of the semidiurnal tidal exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004) C05011
42. Sannino G., Carillo A., Artale V., Ruggiero V., and Lanucara P. Flow regimes study within the Strait of Gibraltar using a high-performance numerical model. Il Nuovo Cimento 28C 2 (2005) 10.1393/ncc/i2005-10177-2
43. Sannino G., Carillo A., and Artale V. Three-layer view of transports and hydraulics in the Strait of Gibraltar: a three-dimensional model study. Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007) C03010
44. Siedler G. The frequency distribution of water types in the outflow region of straits. Kieler Meeresforschungen 24 (1968) 59-65
45. Tsimplis M.N., and Baker T.F. Sea level drop in the Mediterranean sea: an indicator of deep water salinity and temperature changes?. Geophysical Research Letters 27 2 (2000) 1731-1734
46. Tsimplis M.N., Zervakis V., Josey S.A., Peneva E., Struglia M.V., Stanev E., Lionello P., Malanotte-Rizzoli P., Artale V., Theocharis A., Tragou E., and Oguz T. Changes in the oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea and their link to climate variability. In: Lionello P., Malanotte-Rizzoli P., and Boscolo R. (Eds). Mediterranean Climate Variability (2006), Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences 4)
47. Zenk W. On the Mediterranean outflow west of Gibraltar. Meteor Forschungsergeb 16 (1975) 23-24
48. Zenk W. On the origin of the intermediate double-maxima in T/S profile from the North Atlantic. Meteor Forschungsergeb 16 (1975) 35-43
49. Xoplaki E., Gonzalez-Rouco F.J., Luterbacher J., and Wanner H. Mediterranean summer air temperature variability and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs. Climate Dynamics 20 (2003) 723-739