Longterm increases in Western Mediterranean salinities and temperatures: Anthropogenic and climatic sources

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 25, Issue 22, 1998, Pages 4209-4212

  Krahmann, Gerd ^a,b   Schott, Friedrich ^a  

^a GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

^b Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; CLIMATE EFFECT; LONG-TERM CHANGE; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE; WATER CHEMISTRY;

(WEST); MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

CLIMATOLOGY; DATABASE SYSTEMS; RAIN; RIVERS; BUDGET CONTROL; CLIMATE CHANGE; WATER;

SEA SALINITY; SEA TEMPERATURE;

OCEANOGRAPHY; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE;

ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN; GREENHOUSE WARMING; LONG-TERM CHANGES; OCEANOGRAPHIC DATABASE; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

EID: 0032206998     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1998GL900143     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Bethoux, J. P., Budgets of the Mediterranean Sea. Their dependence on the local climate and on the characteristics of the Atlantic waters, Oc. Acta, 2, 157-163, 1979.
2. Bethoux, J. P., Gentili, B., Raunet, J. and D. Taillez, Warming Trend in the Western Mediterranean Deep Water, Nature, 347, 660-662, 1990.
3. Brasseur, P., Beckers, J. M., Brankart, J. M. and R. Shoenauen, Seasonal temperature and salinity fields in the Mediterranean Sea: Climatological analyses of a historical data set, Deep Sea Res., 43, 159-192, 1996.
4. Bryden, H. L., Candela, J. and T. H. Kinder, Exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar, Prog. Oceanogr, 33, 201-248, 1994.
5. Da Silva, A. M., Young, C. C. and S. Levitus Atlas of Surface Marine Data, (1994).
6. Garrett, C., Outerbridge, R. and K. Thompson, Interannual Variability in Mediterranean Heat and Buoyancy Fluxes, J. Clim., 6, 900-910, 1993.
7. Global Climate Perspectives System (GCPS), http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/gcps/gcps.html.
8. Hurrell, J. W., Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation, Science, 269, 676-679, 1995.
9. Ibanez, C., Prat, N. and A. Canicio, Changes in the Hydrology and Sediment transport produced by large dams on the lower Ebro river and its estuary, Reg. Riv.: Res. & Man., 12, 51-62, 1996.
10. Krahmann, G., Saisonale und zwischenjährliche Variabilität im westlichen Mittelmeer - Analyse historischer Daten, Ph.D. thesis, 168 pp., Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1997.
11. Leaman, K. D. and F. A. Schott, Hydrographic Structure of the Convection Regime in the Gulf of Lions: Winter 1987, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 575-598, 1991.
12. MEDATLAS Mediterranean Hydrographic Atlas, http://www.ifremer.fr:582/sismer/program/medatlas/gb/gb-medat.htm .
13. Roether, W., Manca, B. B., Klein, B., Bregant, D., Georgopoulos, D., Peitzel, V., Kovacevic, V. and A. Luchetta, Recent Changes in Eastern Mediterranean Deep Waters, Science 271, 333-335, 1996.
14. Rohling, E. J. and H. L. Bryden, Man-Induced Salinity and Temperature Increase in Western Mediterranean Deep Water, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11191-11198, 1992.
15. UNESCO, Discharge of selected rivers of the world (studies and reports in hydrology 5), Vols. 1, 2, 3.