The forthcoming revision of the diagnostic and classificatory system: Perspectives based on the European psychiatric tradition

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

Volumn 258, Issue SUPPL. 5, 2008, Pages 7-17

  Möller, Hans Jürgen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Affective disorders; Depression; Psychiatric classification; Psychotic spectrum; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ACUTE DISEASE; ACUTE PSYCHOSIS; ALCOHOLISM; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMORBIDITY; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; HALLUCINATION; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; NOMENCLATURE; PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; EUROPE; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRY;

EID: 55449136107     PISSN: 09401334     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-008-5004-4     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (124)

1. A Abi-Dargham 2004 Do we still believe in the dopamine hypothesis? New data bring new evidence Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 7 Suppl 1 S1 S5
2. Akiskal H (2005) The bipolar spectrum: history, description, boundaries, and validity. In: Kasper S, Hirschfeld RMA (eds) Handbook of bipolar disorder. Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, Oxford, London pp 49-68
3. Akiskal H (2007) The interface of affective and schizophrenic disorders: a cross between two spectra? In: Marneros A, Akiskal H (eds) The overlap of affective and schizophrenic spectra. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 277-291
4. HS Akiskal 1999 Bipolar disorder: outcome New Engl J Med 341 1861 1862
5. HS Akiskal 2002 The bipolar spectrum-the shaping of a new paradigm in psychiatry Curr Psychiatry Rep 4 1 3
6. J Angst 2002 Historical aspects of the dichotomy between manic-depressive disorders and schizophrenia Schizophr Res 57 5 13
7. Angst J, Felder W, Lohmeier B (1979) A genetic study on schizoaffective disorders. In: Obiols J, Ballus C, Gonzales Monclus E (eds) Biological psychiatry today. Elsevier, North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp 12-18
8. J Angst C Perris 1968 Zur Nosologie endogener Depressionen Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 219 373 386
9. Angst J, Scharfetter C (1979) Subtypes of schizophrenia and affective disorders from a genetic viewpoint. In: Obiols J, Ballus C, Gonzales Monclus E (eds) Biolgical psychiatry today. Elsevier, North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp 351-357
10. J Angst R Sellaro HH Stassen A Gamma 2005 Diagnostic conversion from depression to bipolar disorders: results of a long-term prospective study of hospital admissions J Affect Disord 84 149 157
11. JA Apud DR Weinberger 2007 Treatment of cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia: potential role of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors CNS Drugs 21 535 557
12. Bleuler E (1972) Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie, 12th edn. Springer, Berlin
13. B Bogerts P Falkai M Haupts 1990 Post-mortem volume measurement of limbic system and basal ganglia structures in chronic schizophrenics Schizophr Res 3 295 301
14. Bogerts B, Lieberman J (1993) Neuropathology in the study of psychiatric disease. In: Costa e Silva ACJ, Nadelson CC (eds) International review of psychiatry, 1st edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
15. Bonhoeffer K (1912) Die Psychosen im Gefolge von akuten Infektionen, Allgemeinerkrankungen und inneren Erkrankungen. In: Aschaffenburg G (ed) Handbuch der Psychiatrie. Leiptig Vienna, Deutike, pp 1-118
16. K Boteva J Lieberman 2003 Reconsidering the classification of schizophrenia and manic depressive illness-a critical analysis and new conceptual model World J Biol Psychiatry 4 81 92
17. Brockington J (1981) The nosological status of schizoaffective psychosis. In: Perris C, Struwe G, Jansson B (eds) Biological psychiatry. vol 5. Elsevier, North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp 482-485
18. Cahn W, Hulshoff Pol HE, Bongers M, Schnack HG, Mandl RC, Van Haren NE, Durston S, Koning H, Van Der Linden JA, Kahn RS (2002) Brain morphology in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia: a study of multiple brain structures. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 43:s66-s72
19. W Cahn HE Hulshoff Pol EB Lems NE Van Haren HG Schnack JA Van Der Linden PF Schothorst H van Engeland RS Kahn 2002 Brain volume changes in first-episode schizophrenia: a 1-year follow-up study Arch Gen Psychiatry 59 1002 1010
20. W Cahn NE Van Haren HE Hulshoff Pol HG Schnack E Caspers DA Laponder RS Kahn 2006 Brain volume changes in the first year of illness and 5-year outcome of schizophrenia Br J Psychiatry 189 381 382
21. AG Cardno FV Rijsdijk PC Sham RM Murray P McGuffin 2002 A twin study of genetic relationships between psychotic symptoms Am J Psychiatry 159 539 545
22. A Carlsson 1978 Antipsychotic drugs, neurotransmitters, and schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 135 165 173
23. WT Carpenter 2007 Deconstructing and reconstructing illness syndromes associated with psychosis World Psychiatry 6 92 93
24. Carpenter WT (2007) Schizophrenia: diagnostic class or domains of pathology. Schizophr Res 33:203
25. S Cichon J Schumacher DJ Muller M Hurter C Windemuth K Strauch S Hemmer TG Schulze G Schmidt-Wolf M Albus 2001 A genome screen for genes predisposing to bipolar affective disorder detects a new susceptibility locus on 8q Hum Mol Genet 10 2933 2944
26. P Conus A Abdel-Baki S Harrigan M Lambert PD McGorry 2004 Schneiderian first rank symptoms predict poor outcome within first episode manic psychosis J Affect Disord 81 259 268
27. G Corfas K Roy JD Buxbaum 2004 Neuregulin 1-erbB signaling and the molecular/cellular basis of schizophrenia Nat Neurosci 7 575 580
28. W Coryell AC Leon C Turvey HS Akiskal T Mueller J Endicott 2001 The significance of psychotic features in manic episodes: a report from the NIMH collaborative study J Affect Disord 67 79 88
29. N Craddock MC O'Donovan MJ Owen 2006 Genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Implications for psychiatric nosology Schizophr Bull 32 9 16
30. N Craddock MJ Owen 2005 The beginning of the end for the Kraepelinian dichotomy Br J Psychiatry 186 364 366
31. TJ Crow 1987 Psychosis as a continuum and the virogene concept Br Med Bull 43 754 767
32. TJ Crow 1990 Nature of the genetic contribution to psychotic illness-a continuum viewpoint Acta Psychiatr Scand 81 401 408
33. TJ Crow 1990 The continuum of psychosis and its genetic origins. The sixty-fifth Maudsley lecture Br J Psychiatry 156 788 797
34. TJ Crow 1995 A continuum of psychosis, one human gene, and not much else-the case for homogeneity Schizophr Res 17 135 145
35. TJ Crow 2007 How and why genetic linkage has not solved the problem of psychosis: review and hypothesis Am J Psychiatry 164 13 21
36. L Dixon 1999 Dual diagnosis of substance abuse in schizophrenia: prevalence and impact on outcomes Schizophr Res 35 Suppl S93 S100
37. L Dixon L Green-Paden J Delahanty A Lucksted L Postrado J Hall 2001 Variables associated with disparities in treatment of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid mood and anxiety disorders Psychiatr Serv 52 1216 1222
38. E Dunayevich PE Keck Jr 2000 Prevalence and description of psychotic features in bipolar mania Curr Psychiatry Rep 2 286 290
39. JP Falret 1851 Marche de la folie Gaz Hop 24 18 19
40. F Fish 1963 The unitary psychosis-a neurophysiological model Confin Psychiatr 23 155 170
41. P Flor-Henry JC Lind ZJ Koles 2004 A source-imaging (low-resolution electromagnetic tomography) study of the EEGs from unmedicated males with depression Psychiatry Res 130 191 207
42. T Frodl EM Meisenzahl P Zill T Baghai D Rujescu G Leinsinger R Bottlender C Schüle P Zwanzger RR Engel 2004 Reduced hippocampal volumes associated with the long variant of the serotonin transporter polymorphism in major depression Arch Gen Psychiatry 61 177 183
43. T Frodl A Schaub S Banac M Charypar M Jager P Kummler R Bottlender T Zetzsche C Born G Leinsinger 2006 Reduced hippocampal volume correlates with executive dysfunctioning in major depression J Psychiatry Neurosci 31 316 323
44. RJ Goldschmith 1999 Overview of psychiatric comorbidity. Practical and theoretic considerations Psychiatr Clin North Am 22 331 349
45. JA Gray BL Roth 2007 Molecular targets for treating cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia Schizophr Bull 33 1100 1119
46. Griesinger W (1845) Die Pathologie und Therapie der psychischen Krankheiten. Krabbe, Stuttgart
47. LS Grossman M Harrow JF Goldberg CG Fichtner 1991 Outcome of schizoaffective disorder at two long-term follow-ups: comparisons with outcome of schizophrenia and affective disorders Am J Psychiatry 148 1359 1365
48. O Guillin A Abi-Dargham M Laruelle 2007 Neurobiology of dopamine in schizophrenia Int Rev Neurobiol 78 1 39
49. Guislain J (1833) Traite des phrenopathies ou doctrine nouvelle des maladies mentales. Etablissement Enceclopedique, Brüssel
50. Häfner H, Maurer K, Trendler G, an der Heiden W, Schmidt M (2005) The early course of schizophrenia and depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 255:167-173
51. M Harrow LS Grossman ES Herbener EW Davies 2000 Ten-year outcome: patients with schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia, affective disorders and mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms Br J Psychiatry 177 421 426
52. U Hegerl G Juckel A Muller-Schubert A Pietzcker W Gaebel 1995 Schizophrenics with small P300: a subgroup with a neurodevelopmental disturbance and a high risk for tardive dyskinesia? Acta Psychiatr Scand 91 120 125
53. P Hoche 1912 Die Bedeutung der Symptomkomplexe in der Psychiatrie Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatr 12 540 551
54. C Höschl 2007 Psychiatric diagnosis and classification from the European perspective Die Psychiatrie 4 113 115
55. Hurlemann R, Matusch A, Kuhn KU, Berning J, Elmenhorst D, Winz O, Kolsch H, Zilles K, Wagner M, Maier W et al (2007) 5-HT(2A) receptor density is decreased in the at-risk mental state. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 195(4):579-590
56. S Iritani 2007 Neuropathology of schizophrenia: a mini review Neuropathology 27 604 608
57. Jaspers K (1965) Allgemeine psychopathologie, 8th edn. Springer, Berlin
58. Kahlbaum K (1863) Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten und die Einteilung der Seelenstörungen. AW Kafemann, Danzig
59. J Kasanin 1994 The acute schizoaffective psychoses. 1933 Am J Psychiatry 151 144 154
60. PE Keck Jr SL McElroy JR Havens LL Altshuler WA Nolen MA Frye T Suppes KD Denicoff R Kupka GS Leverich 2003 Psychosis in bipolar disorder: phenomenology and impact on morbidity and course of illness Compr Psychiatry 44 263 269
61. Kehrer F, Kretschmer E (1924) Die Veranlagung zu seelischen Störungen (Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der neurologie 40). Springer, Berlin
62. Kendell RE (1978) The role of diagnosis in psychiatry. Blackwell, Oxford
63. RE Kendell 1988 Long-term followup studies: a commentary Schizophr Bull 14 663 667
64. K Kleist 1953 Die Gliederung der neuropsychischen Erkrankungen Monatsschr Psychiatr Neurol 125 526 554
65. Kraepelin E (1899) Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte, 6th edn. Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig
66. Kraepelin E (1910) Psychiatire, 8th edn. (1st ed. 1883). Barth, Leipzig
67. Kraepelin E (1919) Dementia praecox. E. S. Liningstone, Edinburgh
68. P Kreczmanski H Heinsen V Mantua F Woltersdorf T Masson N Ulfig R Schmidt-Kastner H Korr HW Steinbusch PR Hof 2007 Volume, neuron density and total neuron number in five subcortical regions in schizophrenia Brain 130 678 692
69. Läge D, Möller HJ, Riedel M (2008) Exploring the structure of psychopathological symptoms-reconsidering the AMDP factor-analytic syndromes by combining the categorical and dimensional perspective. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res (in press)
70. YD Lapierre 1994 Schizophrenia and manic-depression: separate illnesses or a continuum? Can J Psychiatry 39 S59 S64
71. SR Laviolette 2007 Dopamine modulation of emotional processing in cortical and subcortical neural circuits: evidence for a final common pathway in schizophrenia? Schizophr Bull 33 971 981
72. Leonhard K (1968) Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen, 4th edn. Akademie Verlag, Berlin
73. J Lieberman M Chakos H Wu J Alvir E Hoffman D Robinson R Bilder 2001 Longitudinal study of brain morphology in first episode schizophrenia Biol Psychiatry 49 487 499
74. Lieberman JA (2006) Neurobiology and the natural history of schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 67(10):e14
75. JA Lieberman GD Tollefson C Charles R Zipursky T Sharma RS Kahn RS Keefe AI Green RE Gur J McEvoy 2005 Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis Arch Gen Psychiatry 62 361 370
76. Maier W (2007) Common risk genes for affective and schizophrenic psychoses. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 258(Suppl 2):37-40
77. W Maier A Zobel M Rietschel 2003 Genetics of schizophrenia and affective disorders Pharmacopsychiatry 36 Suppl 3 S195 S202
78. Maj M (2007) Towards ICD-11 and DSM-V: some current problems of diagnosis in psychiatry. Eur Psychiatry 22:S1
79. Marneros A (2000) Behandlung schizoaffektiver Psychosen. In: Möller HJ (ed) Therapie psychiatrischer Erkrankungen. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 484-488
80. A Marneros 2003 Schizoaffective disorder: clinical aspects, differential diagnosis, and treatment Curr Psychiatry Rep 5 202 205
81. Marneros A (2003) The schizoaffective phenomenon: the state of the art. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl:29-33
82. Marneros A (2007) The paradigma of overlapping affective and schizophrenic spectra: schizoaffective conditions. In: Marneros A, Akiskal H (eds) The overlap of affective and schizophrenic spectra. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1-24
83. Marneros A, Akiskal H (2007) The overlap of affective and schizophrenic spectra. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
84. Marneros A, Angst J (2000) Bipolar disorders. 100 years after manic-depressive insanity. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
85. Marneros A, Deister A, Rohde A (1986) The cologne study on schizoaffective disorders and schizophrenia suspecta. In: Marneros A, Tsuang MT (eds) Schizoaffective psychoses. Springer, Berlin, pp 123-142
86. A Marneros A Deister A Rohde 1988 Syndrome shift in the long-term course of schizoaffective disorders Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 238 97 104
87. Marneros A, Deister A, Rohde A (1991) Affektive, schizoaffektive und schizophrene Psychosen. Eine vergleichende langzeitstudie. Springer, Berlin
88. A Marneros A Deister A Rohde H Junemann R Fimmers 1988 Long-term course of schizoaffective disorders. Part I: definitions, methods, frequency of episodes and cycles Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 237 264 275
89. Marneros A, Röttig S, Röttig D, Tscharntke A, Brieger P (2007) Bipolar I disorder with mood-incongruent psychostic symptoms: a comparative longitudinal study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (in press)
90. RL Martin CR Cloninger SB Guze PJ Clayton 1985 Frequency and differential diagnosis of depressive syndromes in schizophrenia J Clin Psychiatry 46 9 13
91. TH McGlashan 1988 A selective review of recent North Americoan long-term studies of schizophrenia Schizophr Bull 14 11 14
92. Meisenzahl EM, Seifert D, Jäger M, Bottlender R, Schmitt G, Zetzsche T, Koutouleris N, Burgermeister B, Teipel S, Born C et al (2007) Hippocampal volume reductions in major depression and schizophrenia: a comparative structural MRI study. Submitted
93. HJ Moller 2005 Problems associated with the classification and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders World J Biol Psychiatry 6 45 56
94. Möller HJ (2008) Is there a need for a new psychiatric classification at the current state of knowledge? World J Biol Psychiatry
95. Möller HJ (2008) Standardised rating scales in psychiatry: methodological basis, their possibilities and limitations and descriptions of important rating scales. World J Biol Psychiatry (in press)
96. HJ Möller 2008 The assessment of cognitive impairment would be a relevant addition to the criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia World Psychiatry 7 35 36
97. Möller HJ (2008) The complexity of development trends and decision making in pharmacopsychiatry
98. HJ Möller R Bottlender A Groß P Hoff J Wittmann U Wegner A Strauss 2002 The Kraepelinian dichotomy: preliminary results of a 15-year follow-up study on functional psychoses: focus on negative symptoms Schizophr Res 56 87 94
99. Möller HJ, Bottlender R, Jäger M, Strauss A (2008) The Munich 15 years follow up study on first hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and affective psychosis: main outcome results (In press)
100. HJ Möller W Schmid Bode C Cording-Tömmel HU Wittchen M Zaudig D von Zerssen 1988 Psychopathological and social outcome in schizophrenia versus affective/schizoaffective psychoses and prediction of poor outcome in schizophrenia. Results from a 5-8 year follow-up Acta Psychiatr Scand 77 379 389
101. C Mulert L Jager O Pogarell P Bussfeld R Schmitt G Juckel U Hegerl 2002 Simultaneous ERP and event-related fMRI: focus on the time course of brain activity in target detection Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 24 Suppl D 17 20
102. Müller N, Schwarz MJ (2007) The immunological basis of glutamatergic disturbance in schizophrenia: towards an integrated view. J Neural Transm Suppl:269-280
103. RM Murray C McDonald E Bramon 2002 Neurodevelopmental impairment, dopamine sensitisation, and social adversity in schizophrenia World Psychiatry 1 137 145
104. RM Murray P Sham J van Os J Zanelli M Cannon C McDonald 2004 A developmental model for similarities and dissimilarities between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Schizophr Res 71 405 416
105. A Neumeister T Young J Stastny 2004 Implications of genetic research on the role of the serotonin in depression: emphasis on the serotonin type 1A receptor and the serotonin transporter Psychopharmacology (Berl) 174 512 524
106. HA Pincus JD Tew MB First 2004 Psychiatric comorbidity: is more less? World Psychiatry 3 18 23
107. JL Rapoport AM Addington S Frangou MR Psych 2005 The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2005 Mol Psychiatry 10 434 449
108. H Rennert 1977 Etiology and classification of mental disorders from viewpoint of "Universal genesis of psychoses" Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz) 29 9 13
109. D Rujescu A Bender M Keck AM Hartmann F Ohl H Raeder I Giegling J Genius RW McCarley HJ Moller 2006 A pharmacological model for psychosis based on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction: molecular, cellular, functional and behavioral abnormalities Biol Psychiatry 59 721 729
110. D Rujescu AM Hartmann C Gonnermann HJ Moller I Giegling 2003 M129V variation in the prion protein may influence cognitive performance Mol Psychiatry 8 937 941
111. LF Saugstad 1994 The maturational theory of brain development and cerebral excitability in the multifactorially inherited manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia Int J Psychophysiol 18 189 203
112. Saugstad LF (1999) A lack of cerebral lateralization in schizophrenia is within the normal variation in brain maturation but indicates late, slow maturation. Schizophr Res %19;39: 183-196
113. LF Saugstad 2001 Manic depressive psychosis and schizophrenia are neurological disorders at the extremes of CNS maturation and nutritional disorders associated with a deficit in marine fat Med Hypotheses 57 679 692
114. Saugstad LF (2007) What are psychosis and where is it located. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (in press)
115. GJ Schmitt EM Meisenzahl S Dresel K Tatsch B Rossmuller T Frodl UW Preuss K Hahn HJ Moller 2002 Striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding of risperidone in schizophrenic patients as assessed by 123I-iodobenzamide SPECT: a comparative study with olanzapine J Psychopharmacol 16 200 206
116. J Schumacher S Cichon M Rietschel MM Nothen P Propping 2002 Genetics of bipolar affective disorders. Current status of research for identification of susceptibility genes Nervenarzt 73 581 592
117. SM Strakowski JR Williams KW Sax DE Fleck MP DelBello ML Bourne 2000 Is impaired outcome following a first manic episode due to mood-incongruent psychosis? J Affect Disord 61 87 94
118. KL Subotnik KH Nuechterlein RF Asarnow DL Fogelson MJ Goldstein SA Talovic 1997 Depressive symptoms in the early course of schizophrenia: relationship to familial psychiatric illness Am J Psychiatry 154 1551 1556
119. CA Tamminga 2006 The neurobiology of cognition in schizophrenia J Clin Psychiatry 67 e11
120. MT Tsuang GM Dempsey 1979 Long-term outcome of major psychoses. II. Schizoaffective disorder compared with schizophrenia, affective disorders, and a surgical control group Arch Gen Psychiatry 36 1302 1304
121. V van Rd 1993 Reactualization of the concept of unitary psychosis introduced by Joseph Guislain Acta Psychiatr Belg 93 203 219
122. DR Weinberger RL Wagner RJ Wyatt 1983 Neuropathological studies of schizophrenia: a selective review Schizophr Bull 9 193 212
123. S Weis IC Llenos JR Dulay M Elashoff F Martinez-Murillo CL Miller 2007 Quality control for microarray analysis of human brain samples: the impact of postmortem factors, RNA characteristics, and histopathology J Neurosci Methods 165 198 209
124. E Zeller 1837 Bericht über die Wirksamkeit der heilanstalt Winnenthal von ihrer Eröffnung den 1. März 1834 bis zum 28. Februar 1837 Beil med Corresp Bl Wurtemb Ärztl Ver 7 321 335