Management of high defibrillation threshold

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

Volumn 6, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 1237-1248

  Uyguanco, Eric R ^a   Berger, Aaron ^a   Budzikowski, Adam S ^a   Gunsburg, Moshe ^b   Kassotis, John ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b Brookdale Medical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Biphasic shock; Defibrillation threshold; Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Shock impedance; Sudden cardiac death; Tilt; Ventricular fibrillation

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ALCOHOL; AMIODARONE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BRETYLIUM; CARVEDILOL; CATECHOLAMINE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOFETILIDE; FENTANYL; HALOTHANE; ISOFLURANE; LEAD; LIDOCAINE; MEXILETINE; NITRIC OXIDE; NORADRENALIN; PROPRANOLOL; SILDENAFIL; SOTALOL; VERAPAMIL;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; BAYES THEOREM; CHRONIC DRUG ADMINISTRATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEFIBRILLATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; ENERGY TRANSFER; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE WORK; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HEMODYNAMICS; HIGH DEFIBRILLATION THRESHOLD; HUMAN; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; PACEMAKER FAILURE; PATHOGENESIS; PNEUMOTHORAX; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; REVIEW; SEMICONDUCTOR; SIDE EFFECT; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; T WAVE;

ANIMALS; ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; DEFIBRILLATORS, IMPLANTABLE; DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD; ELECTRIC COUNTERSHOCK; HUMANS; VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION;

EID: 55349145604     PISSN: 14779072     EISSN: 17448344     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.9.1237     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Birnie D, Tung S, Simpson C et al. Complications associated with defibrillation threshold testing: the Canadian experience. Heart Rhythm 5(3), 387-390 (2008).
2. Russo AM, Sauer W, Gerstenfeld EP et al. Defibrillation threshold testing: is it really necessary at the time of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator insertion? Heart Rlythm 2(5), 456-461 (2005).
3. Strickberger, SA, Klein, GJ. Is defibrillation testing required for defibrillator implantation? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44, 88-91 (2004).
4. Schuger C, Ellenbogen KA, Faddis M, Knight BP, Yong P, Sample R. Defibrillation energy requirements in an ICD population receiving resynchronization therapy. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 17(3), 247-250 (2006).
5. Theuns DA, Szili-Torok T, Jordaens LJ. Defibrillation efficacy testing: long-term follow-up and mortality. Europace 7(6), 509-515 (2005).
6. Rosenbeck S, Sharon Z, Weiss A. Long-term follow-up of patients with relatively high effective defibrillation threshold during cardioverter defibrillator implantation with endocardial leads. Cardiology 112(2), 107-113 (2008).
7. Sverdlow CD. Reappraisal of implant testing of implantable cardioverter defibrillators. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44, 92-94 (2004).
8. Haissaguerre M, Shoda M, Jais P, Akihiko N et al. Mapping and ablation of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 106, 962-967 (2002).
9. Nanthakumar K, Newman D, Paquitle M, Dorion P et al. Systemic evaluation of the determinants of defibrillation efficacy. Heart Rhythm 2, 34-36 (2005).
10. Swerdlow CD, Fan W, Brewer JE. Charge-burping theory correctly predicts optimal ratios of biphasic duration for biphasic defibrillation waveforms. Circulation 94, 2278-2284 (1996).
11. Russell AD, Chirammel U, Martin PT et al. Benefit of millisecond waveform durations for patients with high defibrillation thresholds. Heart Rhythm 3, 536-542 (2006).
12. Natarajan S, Henthorn R, Burroughs J et al. "Tuned" defibrillations waveforms outperform 50/50% tilt defibrillation waveforms: a randomized multi-center study. PACE 30, 5139-5142 (2007).
13. Kroll MW, Efimov IR, Tchou PJ. Present understanding of shock polarity for internal defibrillation: the obvious and non-obvious clinical implications. PACE 29, 885-891 (2006).
14. Cohen TJ, Lowenkron DD. The effects of pneumothorax on defibrillation thresholds during pectoral implantation of an active can implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 21(2), 468-470 (1998).
15. Luria D, Stanton MS, Eldar M, Glikson M. Pneumothorax: an unusual cause of ICD defibrillation failure. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 21(2), 474-475 (1998).
16. Gold M, Val-Mejias J, Leman RB et al. Optimization of superior vena cava coil position and usage for transvenous defibrillation. Heart Rhythm 5(3), 394-399 (2008).
17. Rashba EJ, Bonner M, Wilson J, Shorofsky SR, Peters RW, Gold MR. Distal right ventricular coil position reduces defibrillation thresholds. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 14(10), 1036-1040 (2003).
18. Lubinski A, Lewicka-Nowak E, Królak T et al. Implantation and follow-up of ICD leads implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 23(11 Pt 2), 1996-1998 (2000).
19. Roberts PR, Allen S, Betts T et al. Increased defibrillation threshold with right-sided active pectoral can. J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol. 4(1), 245-249 (2000).
20. Wetherbee JN, Chapman PD, Troup PJ et al. Long-term internal cardiac defibrillation threshold stability. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 12, 443-450 (1989).
21. Kirk MM, Shorofsky SR, Khalighi K et al. Chronic rise in monophasic defibrillation thresholds with a transvenous lead system. Am. J. Cardiol. 79, 502-505 (1997).
22. Vendetti FJ, Martin DT, Vassolas G, Bowen S. Rise in chronic defibrillation thresholds in nonthoracotomy implantable defibrillator. Circulation 89, 216-223 (1994).
23. Hsia HH, Mitra RL, Flores BT, Marchlinski FE. Early postoperative increase in defibrillation threshold with non-thoracotomy system in humans. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 17, 1166-73 (1994).
24. Poole JE, Bardy GH, Dolack GL, Kudenchuk PJ, Anderson J, Johnson G. Serial defibrillation threshold measures in man: a prospective controlled study. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 6, 19-25 (1995).
25. Tummala RV, Riggio DR, Peters RW et al. Chronic rise in defibrillation threshold with a hybrid lead system. Am. J. Cardiol. 78, 309-312 (1996).
26. Tokano T, Pelosi F, Flemming M et al. Long-term evaluation of the defibrillation energy requirement. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 9, 916-920 (1998).
27. Martin DT, John R, Venditti FJ. Increase in defibrillation threshold in non-thoracotomy implantable defibrillators using a biphasic waveform. Am. J. Cardiol. 76, 263-266 (1995).
28. Schwartzman D, Callans DJ, Gottlieb CD et al. Early postoperative rise in defibrillation threshold in patients with non-thoracotomy defibrillation lead systems: attenuation with biphasic shock waveforms. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 7, 483-493 (1996).
29. Haffajee C, Martin D, Bhandari A et al. A multicenter, randomized trial comparing an active can implantable defibrillator with a passive can system. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 20, 215-219 (1997).
30. Gold MR, Foster AH, Shorofsky SR. Effects of an active pectoral pulse generator shell on defibrillation efficacy with a transvenous lead system. Am. J. Cardiol. 78, 540-543 (1996).
31. Bardy GH, Johnson G, Poole JE et al. A simplified, single-lead unipolar transvenous cardioversion-defibrillation system. Circulation 88, 543-547 (1993).
32. Saksena S, the PCD Investigators. Defibrillation thresholds and perioperative mortality associated with endocardial and epicardial defibrillation lead systems. PACE 16, 202-207 (1993).
33. Kleman JM, Castle LW, Kidwell GA et al. Nonthoracotomy- versus thoracotomy-implantable defibrillators. Intention-to-treat comparison of clinical outcomes. Circulation 90, 2833-2842 (1994).
34. Zipes DP, Roberts D. Results of the international study of the implantable pacemaker cardioverter-defibrillator. A comparison of epicardial and endocardial lead systems. Circulation 92, 59-65 (1995).
35. Gold MR, Shorofsky SR. Transvenous defibrillation lead systems. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 7, 570-580 (1996).
36. Frame R, Brodman R, Furman S et al. Long-term stability of defibrillation thresholds with intrapericardial defibrillator patches. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 16, 208-212 (1993).
37. Guarnieri T, Levine JH, Veltri EP et al. Success of chronic defibrillation and the role of anti-arrhythmic drugs with the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Am. J. Cardiol. 60, 1061-1064 (1987).
38. Gold MR, Kavesh NG, Peters RW et al. Biphasic waveforms prevent the late rise of defibrillation thresholds with a transvenous lead system. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 30, 233-236 (1997).
39. Rashba EJ, Olsovsky MR, Shorofsky SR et al. Temporal decline in defibrillation thresholds with an active pectoral lead system. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 38, 1150 (2001).
40. Gold MR, Higgins S, Klein R et al. Efficacy and temporal stability of reduced safety margins for ventricular defibrillation: primary results from the Low Energy Safety Study (LESS). Circulation 105(17), 2043-2048 (2002).
41. Kerber RE, Martins JB, Kienzle MG et al. Energy, current, and success in defibrillation and cardioversion: clinical studies using an automated impedance-based method of energy adjustment. Circulation 77, 1038-1046 (1988).
42. Lerman BB, DiMarco JP, Haines DE. Current-based versus energy based defibrillation: a prospective study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 12, 1259-1264 (1988).
43. Kroll M, Brewer J, Ellenbogen K. Upward DFT shift as a cause of sudden death. Presented at: The XIIth World Congress on Cardic Pacing & Electrophysiology. Hong Kong, PR China, 19-22 February 2003.
44. Strickberger SA, Hummel JD, Horwood LE et al. Effect of shock polarity on ventricular defibrillation threshold using a transvenous lead system. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 24, 1069-1072 (1994).
45. Thakur RK, Souza JJ, Chapman PD et al. Electrode polarity is an important determinant of defibrillation efficacy using a nonthoracotomy system. PACE 17, 919-923 (1994).
46. Schauerte P, Stellbrink C, Schondube FA et al. Polarity reversal improves defibrillation efficacy in patients undergoing trarivenous cardioverter defibrillator implantation with biphasic shocks. PACE 20, 301-306 (1997).
47. Shorofsky SR, Gold MR. Effects of waveform and polarity on defibrillation thresholds in humans using a transvenous lead system. Am. J. Cardiol. 78, 313-316 (1996).
48. Natale A, Sra J, Dhala A et al. Effects of initial polarity on defibrillation threshold with biphasic pulses. PACE 18, 1889-1893 (1995).
49. Strickberger SA, Man KC, Daoud E et al. Effect of first phase polarity of biphasic shocks on defibrillation threshold with a single transvenous lead system. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 25, 1605-1608 (1995).
50. Keelan ET, Sra JS, Axtell K et al. The effect of polarity of the initial phase of a biphasic shock waveform on the defibrillation threshold of pectorally implanted defibrillators. PACE 20, 337-342 (1997).
51. Swartz JF, Fletcher RD, Karasik PE. Optimization of biphasic waveforms for human nonthoracotomy defibrillation. Circulation 88, 2646-2654 (1993).
52. Natale A, Sra J, Krum D et al. Relative efficacy of different tilts with bipbasic defibrillation in humans. PACE 19, 197-206 (1996).
53. Sweeney MO, Natale A, Volosin KJ et al. Prospective randomized comparison of 50%/50% versus 65%/65% tilt biphasic waveform on defibrillation in humans. PACE 24, 60-65 (2001).
54. Denman RA, Umesan C, Martin PT et al. Benefit of millisecond waveform durations for patients with high defibrillation thresholds. Heart Rhythm 3, 536-541 (2006).
55. Bardy GH, Dolack GL, Kudenchuk PJ et al. Prospective, randomized comparison in humans of a unipolar defibrillation system with that using an additional superior vena cava electrode. Circulation 89, 1090-1093 (1994).
56. Gold MR, Foster AH, Shorofsky SR. Lead system optimization for transvenous defibrillation. Am. J. Cardiol. 80, 1163-1167 (1997).
57. Gold MR, Olsovsky MR, Pelini MA et al. Comparison of single- and dual-coil active pectoral defibrillation lead systems. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 31, 1391-1394 (1998).
58. Mann DE, Klein RC, Higgins SL et al. LESS Investigators: The Low Energy Safety Study (LESS). rationale, design, patient characteristics, and device utilization. Am. Heart J. 143, 199-204 (2002).
59. Cesaric, D, Bhargava M, Valderrabano M et al. Azygos vein lead implantation: a Inovel adjunctive technique for implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 15, 780-783 (2004).
60. Stajdhar KC, Ott GY, Kron J et al. Optimal electrode position for transvenous defibrillation: a prospective randomized study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 27, 90-94 (1996).
61. Butter C, Meisel E, Tebbenjohanns J et al. Transvenous biventricular defibrillation halves energy requirements in patients. Circulation 104, 2533-2538 (2001).
62. Epstein AE, Ellenbogen KA, Kirk KA et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with high defibrillation thresholds: a multi-center study. Circulation 86, 1206-1216 (1992).
63. Page RL. Effects of antiarrhythmic medication on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator function. Am. J. Cardiol. 85, 1481-1485 (2000).
64. Jones DL, Kim YH, Natale A, Klein GJ, Varin F. Bretylium decreases and verapamil increases defibrillation threshold in pigs. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 17(8), 1380-1390 (1994).
65. Fain ES, Lee JT, Winkle RA. Effects of acute intravenous and chronic oral amiodarone on defibrillation energy requirements. Am. Heart J. 114(1 Pt 1), 8-17 (1987).
66. Pelos F Jr, Oral H, Kim MH et al. Effect of chronic amiodarone therapy on defibrillation energy requirements in humans. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 11(7), 736-740 (2000).
67. Hohnoser SH, Dorian P, Roberts R et al. Effect of amiodarone and sotalol on ventricular defibrillation. threshold: the optimal pharmacological therapy in cardioverter defibrillator patients (OPTIC) trial. Circulation 114(2), 104-109 (2006).
68. Dorian P, Newman D, Sheahan R, Tang A, Green M, Mitchell J. d-sotalol decreases defibrillation energy requirements in humans: a novel indication for drug therapy. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 7(10), 952-961 (1996).
69. Marinchak RA, Friehling TD, Kline RA, Stohler J, Kowey PR. Effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on defibrillation threshold: case report of an adverse effect of mexiletine and review of the literature. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 11(1), 7-12 (1988).
70. Crystal E, Ovsyshcher IE, Wagshal AB, Katz A, Ilia R. Mexiletine related chronic defibrillation threshold elevation: case report and review of the literature. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 25(4 Pt 1), 507-508 (2002).
71. Shinlapawittayatorn K, Sungnoon R, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N. Effects of sildenafil citrate on defibrillation efficacy. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 17(3), 292-295 (2006).
72. Deeb GM, Hardesty RL, Griffith BP, Thompson ME, Heilman MS, Myerowitz RL. The effects of cardiovascular drugs on the defibrillation threshold and the pathological effects on the heart using an automatic implantable defibrillatior. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 35(4), 361-366 (1983).
73. McBride BF, White CM, Kalus JS et al. The impact of carvedilol on the defibrillation threshold. Heart Lung 37(1), 67-71 (2008).
74. Kamochi H, Yamanouchi Y, Saku K. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker on ventricular defibrillation threshold. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 29(7), 747-752 (2006).
75. Kloner RA. Cardiovascular risk and sildenafil. Am. J. Cardiol. 86, 57F-61F (2000).
76. Shinlpawittayatorn K, Sungnoon R, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N. Effects of sildenafil citrate on defibrillation efficacy. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 17(3), 292-295 (2006).
77. Weinroum AA, Glick A, Copperman Y, Yashar T, Rudick V, Flaishon R. Halothane, isoflurane, and fentanyl increase the minimally effective defibrillation threshold of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: first report in humans. Anesth. Analg. 95(5), 1147-1153 (2002).
78. Kim H, Jones DL, Natale A, Klein GJ. Ethanol increases defibrillation threshold in pigs. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 16(1 Pt 1), 19-25 (1993).
79. Papaioannou GI and Kluger J. Ineffective ICD therapy due to excessive alcohol and exercise. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 25(7), 1144-1145 (2002).
80. Kalus JS, White CM, Caron MF, Guertin D, McBride BF, Kluger J. The impact of catecholamines on defibrillation threshold in patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 28(11), 1147-1156 (2005).