Central nervous system involvement in hepatitis C virus infection

Metabolic Brain Disease

Volumn 19, Issue 3-4, 2004, Pages 383-391

  Forton, Daniel M ^a   Thomas, Howard C ^a   Taylor Robinson, Simon D ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

cognitive impairment; fatigue; Hepatitis C; magnetic resonane spectroscopy; microglia

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON;

BIOLOGY; BRAIN DISEASE; BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN TISSUE; BRAIN VASCULITIS; CADAVER; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FUNCTION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PREVALENCE; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SYMPTOM; VASCULITIS; VIRUS GENE;

COGNITION DISORDERS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL; FATIGUE; HEPACIVIRUS; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HEPATITIS C; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; VASCULITIS, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM;

HEPATITIS C VIRUS; RNA VIRUSES;

EID: 5444227703     PISSN: 08857490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:MEBR.0000043983.42843.ac     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (66)

1. Afonso, A.M., Jiang, J., Penin, F., Tareau, C., Samuel, D., Petit, M.A., Bismuth, H., Dussaix, E., and Feray, C. (1999). Nonrandom distribution of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. J. Virol. 73:9213-9221.
2. Alter, M.J., Margolis, H.S., Krawczynski, K., Judson, F.N., Mares, A., Alexander, W.J., Hu, P.Y., Miller, J.K., Gerber, M.A., and Sampliner, R.E. (1992). The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States. The Sentinel Counties Chronic non-A, non-B Hepatitis Study Team. N. Engl. J. Med. 327:1899-1905.
3. Back-Madruga, C., Fontana, R., and Bieliauskas, L. (2003). Predictors of cognitive impairment in chronic hepatitis C patients entering the HALT-C trial. J. Int.. Neuropsychol. Soc. 9:245-246.
4. Barkhuizen, A., Rosen, H.R., Wolf, S., Flora, K., Benner, K., and Bennett, R.M. (1999). Musculoskeletal pain and fatigue are associated with chronic hepatitis C: A report of 239 hepatology clinic patients. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94:1355-1360.
5. Bonfoco, E., Krainc, D., Ankarcrona, M., Nicotera, P., and Lipton, S.A. (1995). Apoptosis and necrosis: Two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-d-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:7162-7166.
6. Bonkovsky, H.L., and Woolley, J.M. (1999). Reduction of health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C and improvement with interferon therapy. The Consensus Interferon Study Group. Hepatology 29:264-270.
7. Cacoub, P., Ratziu, V., Myers, R.P., Ghillani, P., Piette, J.C., Moussalli, J., and Poynard, T. (2002). Impact of treatment on extra hepatic manifestations in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J. Hepatol. 36:812-818.
8. Cacoub, P., Sbai, A., Hausfater, P., Papo, T., Gatel, A., and Piette, J.C. (1998). Central nervous system involvement in hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 22:631-633.
9. Carithers, R.L., Jr., Sugano, D., and Bayliss, M. (1996). Health assessment for chronic HCV infection: Results of quality of life. Dig. Dis. Sci. 41:75S-80S.
10. Cordoba, J., Flavia, M., Jacas, C., Sauleda, S., Esteban, J., Vargas, V., Esteban, R., and Guardia, J. (2003a). Quality of life and cognitive function in hepatitis C at different stages of liver disease. J. Hepatol. 39:231-238.
11. Cordoba, J., Reyes, J., Esteban, J.I., and Hernandez, J.M. (2003b). Labeling may be an important cause of reduced quality of life in chronic hepatitis C. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98:226-227.
12. Davis, G.L., Balart, L.A., Schiff, E.R., Lindsay, K., Bodenheimer, H.C., Jr., Perrillo, R.P., Carey, W., Jacobson, I.M., Payne, J., and Dienstag, J.L. (1994). Assessing health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C using the Sickness Impact Profile. Clin. Ther. 16:334-343.
13. Dwight, M.M., Kowdley, K.V., Russo, J.E., Ciechanowski, P.S., Larson, A.M., and Katon, W.J. (2000). Depression, fatigue, and functional disability in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J. Psychosom. Res. 49:311-317.
14. Ferenci, P., Lockwood, A., Mullen, K., Tarter, R., Weissenbom, K., and Blei, A.T. (2002). Hepatic encephalopathy - definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: Final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 35:716-721.
15. Fiala, M., Looney, D.J., Stins, M., Way, D.D., Zhang, L., Gan, X., Chiappelli, F., Schweitzer, E.S., Shapshak, P., Weinand, M., and Graves, M.C. (1997). TNF-alpha opens a paracellular route for HIV-1 invasion across the blood-brain barrier. Mol. Med. 3:553-564.
16. Filippini, D., Colombo, F., Jann, S., Cornero, R., and Canesi, B. (2002). Central nervous system involvement in patients with HCV-related cryoglobulinemia: Literature review and a case report. Reumatismo 54:150-155.
17. Flugel, A., Bradl, M., Kreutzberg, G.W., and Graeber, M.B. (2001). Transformation of donor-derived bone marrow precursors into host microglia during autoimmune CNS inflammation and during the retrograde response to axotomy. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:74-82.
18. Fontana, R.I., Hussain, K.B., Schwartz, S.M., Moyer, C.A., Su, G.L., and Lok, A.S. (2002). Emotional distress in chronic hepatitis C patients not receiving antiviral therapy. J. Hepatol. 36:401-407.
19. Forton, D.M., Allsop, J.M., Main, J., Foster, G.R., Thomas, H.C., and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. (2001). Evidence for a cerebral effect of the hepatitis C virus. Lancet 358:38-39.
20. Forton, D.M., Thomas, H.C., Murphy, C.A., Allsop, J.M., Foster, G.R., Main, J., Wesnes, K.A., and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. (2002). Hepatitis C and cognitive impairment in a cohort of patients with mild liver disease. Hepatology 35:433-439.
21. Forton, D.M., Thomas, H.C., and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. (2003). Quality of life and cognitive function in chronic hepatitis C - what to measure? J. Hepatol. 39:272-274.
22. Forton, D.M., Karayiannis, P., Mahmud, N., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., and Thomas, H.C. (2004). Identification of unique hepatitis C virus quasispecies in the central nervous system and comparative analysis of internal translational efficiency of brain, liver, and serum variants. J. Virol. 78:5170-5183.
23. Foster, G.R., Goldin, R.D., and Thomas, H.C. (1998). Chronic hepatitis C virus infection causes a significant reduction in quality of life in the absence of cirrhosis. Hepatology 27:209-212.
24. Gershon, A.S., Margulies, M., Gorczynski, R.M., and Heathcote, E.J. (2000). Serum cytokine values and fatigue in chronic hepatitis C infection. J. Viral Hepat. 7:397-402.
25. Gil, R., Breux, J.P., Neau, J.P., and Becq-Giraudon, B. (1992). Cognitive evoked potentials and HIV infection. Neurophysiol. Clin. 22:385-391.
26. Goh, J., Coughlan, B., Quinn, J., O'Keane, J.C., and Crowe, J. (1999). Fatigue does not correlate with the degree of hepatitis or the presence of autoimmune disorders in chronic hepatitis C infection. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11:833-838.
27. Goulding, C., O'Connell, P., and Murray, F.E. (2001). Prevalence of fibromyalgia, anxiety and depression in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Relationship to RT-PCR status and mode of acquisition. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13:507-511.
28. Gowans, E.J. (2000). Distribution of markers of hepatitis C virus infection throughout the body. Semin. Liver Dis. 20:85-102.
29. Grassi, L., Mondardini, D., Pavanati, M., Sighinolfi, L., Serra, A., and Ghinelli, F. (2001). Suicide probability and psychological morbidity secondary to HIV infection: A control study of HIV-seropositive, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-seropositive and HIV/HCV-seronegative injecting drug users. J. Affect. Disord. 64:195-202.
30. Heaton, R.K., Grant, I., Butters, N., White, D.A., Kirson, D., Atkinson, J.H., McCutchan, J.A., Taylor, M.J., Kelly, M.D., and Ellis, R.J. (1995). The HNRC 500 - neuropsychology of HIV infection at different disease stages. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 1:231-251.
31. Heckmann, J.G., Kayser, C., Heuss, D., Manger, B., Blum, H.E., and Neundorfer, B. (1999). Neurological manifestations of chronic hepatitis C. J. Neurol. 246:486-491.
32. Hilsabeck, R.C., Perry, W., and Hassanein, T.I. (2002). Neuropsychological impairment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 35:440-446.
33. Johnson, M.E., Fisher, D.G., Fenaughty, A., and Theno, S.A. (1998). Hepatitis C virus and depression in drug users. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 93:785-789.
34. Kenny-Walsh, E. (1999). Clinical outcomes after hepatitis C infection from contaminated anti-D immune globulin. Irish Hepatology Research Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 340:1228-1233.
35. Kramer, L., Bauer, E., Funk, G., Hofer, H., Jessner, W., Steindl-Munda, P., Wrba, F., Madl, C., Gangl, A., and Ferenci, P. (2002). Subclinical impairment of brain function in chronic hepatitis C infection. J. Hepatol. 37:349-354.
36. Kraus, M.R., Schafer, A., Csef, H., Faller, H., Mork, H., and Scheurlen, M. (2001). Compliance with therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Associations with psychiatric symptoms, interpersonal problems, and mode of acquisition. Dig. Dis. Sci. 46:2060-2065.
37. Kraus, M.R., Schafer, A., Csef, H., Scheurlen, M., and Faller, H. (2000). Emotional state, coping styles, and somatic variables in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Psychosomatics 41:377-384.
38. Krause, J., Schuler, A., Ennen, J.C., Ahl, B., Bokemeyer, M., Boeker, K.H.W., Hecker, H., Manns, M.P., and Weissenborn, K. (2001). Cerebral function in hepatitis C patients with normal liver function. J. Hepatol. 34:156-156.
39. Kronfol, Z., and Remick, D.G. (2000). Cytokines and the brain: Implications for clinical psychiatry. Am. J. Psychiatry 157:683-694.
40. Laskus, T., Radkowski, M., Bednarska, A., Wilkinson, J., Adair, D., Nowicki, M., Nikolopoulou, G.B., Vargas, H., and Rakela, J. (2002). Detection and analysis of hepatitis C virus sequences in cerebrospinal fluid. J. Virol. 76:10064-10068.
41. Laskus, T., Radkowski, M., Wang, L.F., Nowicki, M., and Rakela, J. (2000). Uneven distribution of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in tissues from subjects with end-stage liver disease: Confounding effect of viral adsorption and mounting evidence for the presence of low-level extrahepatic replication. J. Virol. 74:1014-1017.
42. Lee, D.H., Jamal, H., Regenstein, F.G., and Perrillo, R.P. (1997). Morbidity of chronic hepatitis C as seen in a tertiary care medical center. Dig. Dis. Sci. 42:186-191.
43. Lerat, H., Rumin, S., Habersetzer, F., Berby, F., Trabaud, M.A., Trepo, C., and Inchauspe, G. (1998). In vivo tropism of hepatitis C virus genomic sequences in hematopoietic cells: Influence of viral load, viral genotype, and cell phenotype. Blood 91:3841-3849.
44. Maisonobe, T., Leger, J.M., Musset, L., and Cacoub, P. (2002). Neurological manifestations in cryoglobulinemia. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 158:920-924.
45. Marcellin, P., Boyer, N., Gervais, A., Martinot, M., Pouteau, M., Castelnau, C., Kilani, A., Areias, J., Auperin, A., Benhamou, J.P., and Degott, C. (1997). Long-term histologic improvement and loss of detectable intrahepatic HCV RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C and sustained response to interferon-alpha therapy. Ann. Int. Med. 127:875-881.
46. 1H MR spectroscopy of the brain in HIV-1-seropositive subjects: Evidence for diffuse metabolic abnormalities. Metab. Brain Dis. 13:123-136.
47. McDonald, J., Jayasuriya, J., Bindley, P., Gonsalvez, C., and Gluseska, S. (2002). Fatigue and psychological disorders in chronic hepatitis C. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17:171-176.
48. McHutchison, J.G., Ware, J.E., Jr., Bayliss, M.S., Pianko, S., Albrecht, J.K., Cort, S., Yang, I., and Neary, M.P. (2001). The effects of interferon alpha-2b in combination with ribavirin on health related quality of life and work productivity. J. Hepatol. 34:140-147.
49. Meyerhoff, D.J., Bloomer, C., Cardenas, V., Norman, D., Weiner, M.W., and Fein, G. (1999). Elevated subcortical choline metabolites in cognitively and clinically asymptomatic HIV+ patients. Neurology 52:995-1003.
50. Middleton, F.A., and Strick, P.L. (2000). Basal ganglia output and cognition: Evidence from anatomical, behavioral, and clinical studies. Brain Cogn. 42:183-200.
51. Norenberg, M.D., Itzhak, Y., and Bender, A.S. (1997). The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and neurosteroids in hepatic encephalopathy. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 420:95-111.
52. Obhrai, J., Hall, Y., and Anand, B.S. (2001). Assessment of fatigue and psychologic disturbances in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 32:413-417.
53. Okuda, M., Hino, K., Korenaga, M., Yamaguchi, Y., Katoh, Y., and Okita, K. (1999). Differences in hypervariable region 1 quasispecies of hepatitis C virus in human serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and liver. Hepatology 29:217-222.
54. Origgi, L., Vanoli, M., Carbone, A., Grasso, M., and Scorza, R. (1998). Central nervous system involvement in patients with HCV-related cryoglobulinemia. Am. J. Med. Sci. 315:208-210.
55. Pavol, M.A., Meyers, C.A., Rexer, J.L., Valentine, A.D., Mattis, P.J., and Talpaz, M. (1995). Pattern of neurobehavioral deficits associated with interferon alfa therapy for leukemia. Neurology 45:947-950.
56. Peterson, P.K., Hu, S., Salak-Johnson, J., Molitor, T.W., and Chao, C.C. (1997). Differential production of and migratory response to beta chemokines by human microglia and astrocytes. J. Infect. Dis. 175:478-481.
57. Radkowski, M., Wilkinson, J., Nowicki, M., Adair, D., Vargas, H., Ingui, C., Rakela, J., and Laskus, T. (2002). Search for hepatitis C virus negative-strand RNA sequences and analysis of viral sequences in the central nervous system: Evidence of replication. J. Virol. 76:600-608.
58. Rodger, A.J., Jolley, D., Thompson, S.C., Lanigan, A., and Crofts, N. (1999). The impact of diagnosis of hepatitis C virus on quality of life. Hepatology 30:1299-1301.
59. Roudot-Thoraval, F., Abergel, A., Allaert, F., Bourliere, M., Desmorat, H., Fagnani, F., Fontanges, T., Hanana, A., Pol, S., Zarski, J.P., and Rousseaux, C. (2001). Hepavir: The first observational study of patients treated with alpha 2-a interferon for chronic hepatitis C: Evaluation of asthenia and its social consequences. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 25:1061-1066.
60. Takyar, S.T., Li, D., Wang, Y., Trowbridge, R., and Gowans, E.J. (2000). Specific detection of minus-strand hepatitis C virus RNA by reverse- transcription polymerase chain reaction on PolyA(+)-purified RNA. Hepatology 32:382-387.
61. Thomas, H.C., Torok, M.E., Forton, D.M., and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. (1999). Possible mechanisms of action and reasons for failure of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J. Hepatol. 31(Suppl. 1):152-159.
62. Tong, M.J., el Farra, N.S., Reikes, A.R., and Co, R.L. (1995). Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:1463-1466.
63. Ware, J.E.J., Bayliss, M.S., Mannocchia, M., and Davis, G.L. (1999). Health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C: Impact of disease and treatment response. The Interventional Therapy Group. Hepatology 30:550-555.
64. Wessely, S., and Pariante, C. (2002). Fatigue, depression and chronic hepatitis C infection. Psychol. Med. 32:1-10.
65. Xiao, B.G., and Link, H. (1998). Immune regulation within the central nervous system. J. Neurol. Sci. 157:1-12.
66. Zdilar, D., Franco-Bronson, K., Buchler, N., Locala, J.A., and Younossi, Z.M. (2000). Hepatitis C, interferon alfa, and depression. Hepatology 31:1207-1211.